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  1. AU="Uttam Kumar Roy"
  2. AU="Sawyer, Sarah L"
  3. AU="Maiti, Siddhartha"
  4. AU="Conley, Kenda"
  5. AU="Huang, Hsu Chih"
  6. AU="Dumont, Elise"
  7. AU="Christopher D. Pascoe"
  8. AU="Imura, Satoshi"
  9. AU="Sutherland, Kate D"
  10. AU="Xiao Jian"
  11. AU="Littler, Dene R." AU="Littler, Dene R."
  12. AU="Yoo, Byeongjun"

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  1. Artikel ; Online: Monitoring the curing efficiency of a plant-based green engineered additive on caprine skin

    Md. Mokarom Hossain / Uttam Kumar Roy

    Heliyon, Vol 9, Iss 5, Pp e16273- (2023)

    a spectroscopic and chemometric novel approach

    2023  

    Abstract: Environmental sustainability in industrial processing is one of the most fundamental requirements for sustainable development. The leather industry is known for its vast environmental pollution. But, green engineering may occur a paradigm shift in this ... ...

    Abstract Environmental sustainability in industrial processing is one of the most fundamental requirements for sustainable development. The leather industry is known for its vast environmental pollution. But, green engineering may occur a paradigm shift in this sector. Plant-based goatskins curing is a cutting-edge green technology that holds the concept of pollution reduction through prevention on the upper stream of leather processing. The successful and rapid monitoring of the efficiency of this technology is the foremost demand for mass-level applications. In this study, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy was employed to monitor this technology's efficiency using a plant Polygonum hydropiper. Chemometrics was also applied to extract information from spectral data leading to an understanding of the inherent effect of studying preservatives on goatskins collagen chemistry. 10% plant-paste +5% NaCl, 10% plant-paste +10% NaCl, and 15% plant-paste +5% NaCl on goatskin were assessed by ATR-FTIR on 0th, 10th, and 30th days of preservation. The Spectral peak fitting (R2 = 0.99) area of amide I and II of collagen peptide bands revealed 2.73 to 1.33 times more structural suitability of studied goatskins than the control. Principal component analysis and Hierarchical cluster analysis showed that, after 30 days of curing, 15% paste +5% salt-rubbed goatskin collagen matrix significantly (around 50%) interacted with P. hydropiper. The interaction was superficial, as it happened before the opening up of collagen fibers. In conclusion, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy with Chemometrics can be an effective tool in evaluating the efficiency of goatskin curing and understanding the entire effect on collagen chemistry quickly.
    Schlagwörter Collagen chemistry ; Green chemistry ; P. hydropiper ; ATR-FTIR spectroscopy ; Goatskin preservation ; Chemometrics ; Science (General) ; Q1-390 ; Social sciences (General) ; H1-99
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag Elsevier
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  2. Artikel ; Online: Cardiovascular Complications in Patients with Kawasaki Disease in a Tertiary Care Hospital in West Bengal, Eastern India- A Prospective Clinical Study

    Sayani Pan / Uttam Kumar Roy / Nilanjan Ghosh / Tarak Nath Ghosh

    Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, Vol 17, Iss 6, Pp SC10-SC

    2023  Band 14

    Abstract: Introduction: Kawasaki Disease (KD) is an acute self-limiting systemic vasculitis involving medium and small-sized arteries. It may soon replace rheumatic fever to become the most common cause of acquired heart disease in Indian children. Coronary Artery ...

    Abstract Introduction: Kawasaki Disease (KD) is an acute self-limiting systemic vasculitis involving medium and small-sized arteries. It may soon replace rheumatic fever to become the most common cause of acquired heart disease in Indian children. Coronary Artery Aneurysm (CAA) which can develop in 15-25% of untreated children remains the most dreaded complication of KD. Predicting the risk of CAA and taking timely measures can help in reducing the fatality of the condition. Aim: To study the spectrum of cardiovascular complications in patients with KD and also to assess associated risk factors for developing CAA in the patients under study. Materials and Methods: This prospective clinical study was carried out in the Paediatric Medicine Ward, Burdwan Medical College and Hospital, West Bengal, Eastern India, from 1st January, 2020 to 31st May, 2021. Total 52 children diagnosed with KD, aged between one month to 12 years, were included and followed-up for six months. Data regarding demographic variables, duration of fever, Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) resistance, hepatomegaly, neutrophilia, thrombocytopenia, haematocrit, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), hepatic transaminases (alanine transaminase, aspartate amino-transferase), hyponatremia, hypoalbuminemia, and N-terminal-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were collected. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were done using these variables for assessment of risk factors. Results: In the present study, out of 52 children, 28 (53.85%) were males and 24 (46.15%) were females with mean age of 3.74±2.55 years. Cardiovascular complications were observed in 27 (51.92%) patients, of whom 19 (35.54%) had CAA. Duration of fever ≥10 days, IVIG resistance, thrombocytopenia, low hematocrit, Alanine Transaminase (ALT) ≥100 U/L, hypoalbuminemia, and raised NT-proBNP were proven to be significant risk factors for development of CAA on univariate analysis. Thrombocytopenia and raised NT-proBNP came across as significant on binary logistic ...
    Schlagwörter aneurysm ; coronary arteries ; echocardiography ; risk factors ; vasculitis ; Medicine ; R
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 610
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  3. Artikel ; Online: A Comparative Study on Intranasal Versus Intravenous Lorazepam in the Management of Acute Seizure in Children

    Nandan Rudra / Taraknath Ghosh / Uttam Kumar Roy

    Folia Medica, Vol 63, Iss 6, Pp 958-

    2021  Band 964

    Abstract: Introduction: The acute seizure in childhood is a medical emergency which is usually managed by benzodiazepines used as a first line of therapy. There are no strict guidelines of using intranasal lorazepam in India. Many paediatricians use it in an ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: The acute seizure in childhood is a medical emergency which is usually managed by benzodiazepines used as a first line of therapy. There are no strict guidelines of using intranasal lorazepam in India. Many paediatricians use it in an emergency situation as it is inexpensive, easy to administer and even treatment can be started at home. Very few studies are available to compare efficacy and safety of intravenous lorazepam with intranasal lorazepam in childhood seizure, though both routes have comparable pharmacokinetic profile. Intravenous lorazepam (0.1 mg/kg) is already recommended as a first-line treatment of acute childhood seizures in India. There are very few studies regarding the usefulness of intranasal lorazepam. With this background, we compared intranasal lorazepam with the more widely accepted intravenous lorazepam for control of acute seizure.Aim: To compare effectiveness and safety of intranasal and intravenous lorazepam in acute seizure in children aged 5-12 years.Materials and methods: This is an analytical observational cross-sectional study involving patients with acute seizure who received lorazepam via either the intravenous or intranasal route. Formulation and dosage of lorazepam were the same in both routes.Results: Distributions of patient groups according to sex, age, and weight were statistically not significant (p=0.42, p=0.391, and p=0.605, respectively). Time to control seizure within 10 min and persistent cessation of seizure activity were similar in both groups. Safety parameters showed no differences statistically.Conclusions: Though intravenous lorazepam is recommended as first-line treatment, intranasal lorazepam may be a good alternative choice in a convulsing child.
    Schlagwörter children ; efficacy ; intranasal ; intravenous ; loraz ; Medicine ; R
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2021-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag Pensoft Publishers
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
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  4. Artikel ; Online: Study of the human liver by ultrasound examination to search for variations of venous anatomy.

    Partha Sarathi Ain / Uttam Kumar Roy / Rudradev Meyur / Subhajit Chattopadhyay

    Folia Medica, Vol 63, Iss 5, Pp 676-

    2021  Band 685

    Abstract: Introduction: Knowledge about venous patterns (especially portal and hepatic venous) and their variations are extremely crucial for liver transplantation and other surgical procedures on liver. Studies have been done at national or international level on ...

    Abstract Introduction: Knowledge about venous patterns (especially portal and hepatic venous) and their variations are extremely crucial for liver transplantation and other surgical procedures on liver. Studies have been done at national or international level on variations of hepatic venous patterns by CT or MRI or by dissection on cadaveric liver. No definitive or authentic study on this topic could be noted in electronic and print media, as well as in standard textbook. Considering low cost and noninvasive nature, we utilized ultrasonography to bridge this lacuna.Aim: To estimate prevalence and types of anatomical variations of hepatic venous system and to determine association of among variations.Materials and methods: It is an observational cross-sectional study where ultrasonographic evaluation of hepatic venous pattern on adult population of either sex (consecutive sampling) without any major liver disorders was done in RG Kar Medical College and data were analyzed with appropriate statistical procedures.Results: Normal hepatic venous pattern along with normal portal venous pattern is much higher in our study, which is a unique finding. The proportion of normal portal venous pattern is more in extra hepatic bifurcation group. Variations of portal vein and normal hepatic venous pattern are more in case of intrahepatic bifurcation of portal venous branching group. Overall presence of intrahepatic bifurcation of portal vein is significantly higher than extrahepatic bifurcation.Conclusions: This study provides an updated database for the prevalence and distribution of anatomic variations of the hepatic venous and portal venous system.
    Schlagwörter anatomy ; hepatic vein ; liver transplantation ; port ; Medicine ; R
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 610
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2021-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag Pensoft Publishers
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  5. Artikel ; Online: The protective effects of nerol to prevent the toxicity of carbon tetrachloride to the liver in Sprague-Dawley rats

    Milon Mondal / Jibanananda Bala / Kakoli Rani Mondal / Sadia Afrin / Protyaee Saha / Moumita Saha / Sarmin Jamaddar / Uttam Kumar Roy / Chandan Sarkar

    Heliyon, Vol 9, Iss 12, Pp e23065- (2023)

    2023  

    Abstract: Introduction: Carbon-tetrachloride (CCl4) is well-known to cause liver damage due to severe oxidative stress. Nerol, on the other hand, is a monoterpene that is antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anxiolytic. This study set out ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Carbon-tetrachloride (CCl4) is well-known to cause liver damage due to severe oxidative stress. Nerol, on the other hand, is a monoterpene that is antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anxiolytic. This study set out to determine if nerol may be used as a prophylactic measure against the oxidative stress mediated hepatic injury caused by CCl4. Materials and methods: For the aim of this experiment, 35 male Sprague-Dawley rats ranging in body weight (BW) from 140 to 180 g were split into five separate groups. With the exception of vehicle control group 1, all experimental rats were subjected to carbon tetrachloride exposure through intra-peritoneal injection at a 0.7 mL/kg body weight dose once a week for 4 weeks (28 days). The treatment groups 3 and 4 received oral administration of nerol at 50 and 100 mg/kg BW for 28 days. In the same time period, the standard control group received 100 mg/kg BW silymarin. Results: Serum hepatic markers, lipid profiles, albumin, globulin, bilirubin, and total protein were all substantially improved in nerol-treated rats in a dose-dependent manner that had been exposed to CCl4 compared to the only CCl4-treated group. Carbon tetrachloride-exposed rats had lower glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels and higher thio-barbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels than normal rats. In contrast, administration of nerol shown a significant augmentation in the concentrations of these antioxidant compounds, while concurrently inducing a decline in the levels of TBARS in the hepatic tissue. In a similar vein, the histo-pathological examination yielded further evidence indicating that nerol offered protection to the hepatocyte against damage generated by CCl4. Conclusion: According to the findings of our investigation, nerol has potential as a functional element to shield the liver from harm brought on by ROS that are caused by CCL4.
    Schlagwörter Nerol ; Carbon-tetrachloride ; Hepatotoxicity ; Oxidative-stress ; Hepatoprotective ; Science (General) ; Q1-390 ; Social sciences (General) ; H1-99
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 610
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag Elsevier
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  6. Artikel ; Online: RENAL PROFILE IN AMIKACIN THERAPY IN NEONATAL SEPTICEMIA

    Uttam Kumar Roy

    Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, Vol 3, Iss 6, Pp 57-

    2013  Band 59

    Abstract: Background: Neonatal sepsis is the most common cause of neonatal deaths followed by extreme prematurity and birth asphyxia. In our hospital settings, a case of septicemia is treated with aminoglycosides (AG) combined with third generation cephalosporins. ...

    Abstract Background: Neonatal sepsis is the most common cause of neonatal deaths followed by extreme prematurity and birth asphyxia. In our hospital settings, a case of septicemia is treated with aminoglycosides (AG) combined with third generation cephalosporins. This is the standard guidelines of treatment of septicaemia.Though the duration of therapy should be 5-7days for most probable sepsis and 14 days for culture positive cases but as the cost of therapy is high, and the laboratory procedures for monitoring such duration of therapy is not possible in our hospital , short duration of 5-day therapy is practiced. Among the AGs, amikacin being extensively studied highly preferred agent because of its broadest spectrum, resistance to inactivating enzymes , least lysosomal damage, better tolerability profile and also low cost of therapy. The present piece of work aims at assessing any change in the renal profile of the babies being treated with 5-day amikacin therapy. Materials and methods: Serum Creatinine,urea,potassium and 24 hours urinary Creatinine clearance were estimated on day 1(before initiation of therapy)and on day 3, day 5 of the septicemic neonates.These parameters were selected to assess the status of renal function of the affected neonates. Results and conclusion :There was no significant changes in renal function with the regimen.
    Schlagwörter Neonatal sepsis ; septicaemia ; Therapeutics. Psychotherapy ; RC475-489 ; Psychiatry ; RC435-571 ; Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ; RC346-429 ; Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ; RC321-571 ; Internal medicine ; RC31-1245 ; Medicine ; R
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 630
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2013-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  7. Artikel ; Online: Variability of Standard Liver Volume by 2D Ultrasound

    PARTHA SARATHI AIN / UTTAM KUMAR ROY / KRISHNA SEN / DEBES RAY / JAYANTA PAL

    Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, Vol 15, Iss 4, Pp TC01-TC

    A Cross-sectional Study from Eastern India

    2021  Band 04

    Abstract: Introduction: Liver volume estimation is an essential component prior to major hepatic surgery and liver transplantation. Liver volume is evaluated with different formulae, gold standard Computed Tomography (CT) volumetry and Magnetic Resonance Imaging ( ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Liver volume estimation is an essential component prior to major hepatic surgery and liver transplantation. Liver volume is evaluated with different formulae, gold standard Computed Tomography (CT) volumetry and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). As per literature review, studies comparing ultrasonography with formula based liver volume estimation are very few. Ultrasonography is non-invasive in nature and inexpensive. It is gaining popularity among clinicians as it helps in rapid evaluation of liver volumes. Aim: To compare variability of liver volume using 2D ultrasound with a standard well-established method based on formula derived by Johnson et al. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study done between August-October 2020 and patients were selected by the physician from general Outpatient Department (OPD) pool and clinically screened for further biochemical studies. Participants aged 20-60 years with normal liver function test were recruited in the study. Images were taken on a Siemens Ultrasound System. Study variables included were liver volumes estimated by two methods, age, weight, height and Body Surface Area (BSA). F test was used to compare variability between liver volumes estimated by two different methods. Bivariate correlation between ultrasonography-based liver volume and different body indices was also tested. Results: Variability comparison using F test shows no significant difference (F=1.095, df1=149, df2=149, p=0.29). Liver volumes estimated by two methods showed good correlation with each other and is significant at the 0.01 level, r=0.574. The mean difference (125 cc) in volumes between two methods were statistically significant (t=10.92, degree of freedom=149, p<0.001) and were not in agreement with each other. Body parameters were correlated with liver volume estimated by 2D ultrasound. Conclusion: Ultrasonography is a useful tool in estimating liver volume prior to major hepatic resection. Formula based calculation of Standard Liver Volume (SLV) does not ...
    Schlagwörter formula ; gold standard ; liver transplantation ; volumetry ; Medicine ; R
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 610
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2021-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  8. Artikel ; Online: Clinico-biochemical Study of the Safety and Tolerability of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI) with Special Reference to SSRI Induced Hyponatremia in Humans and Animals

    Suhena Sarkar / Uttam Kumar Roy / Supreeti Biswas / Asim Kumar Mallick / PURNENDU MANDA

    Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, Vol 15, Iss 3, Pp FC05-FC

    2021  Band 09

    Abstract: Introduction: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are recommended as first-line anti-depressants in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) because of their relatively benign safety profile. Hyponatremia is under reported and notorious adverse effect ...

    Abstract Introduction: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are recommended as first-line anti-depressants in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) because of their relatively benign safety profile. Hyponatremia is under reported and notorious adverse effect of SSRIs shown by few Randomised Clinical Trials (RCTs). There are only few published studies of SSRIs on serum sodium level in human and animal model. Aim: To determine SSRI induced hyponatremia in human and its correlation with age. Materials and Methods: The clinical part is a prospective cohort study whereas second part is experimental study involving animals. In clinical part-Patients of either sex, aged above 18 years, attending the Out-Patient Department (OPD) of Psychiatry of a tertiary hospital and diagnosed as MDD Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) V with the help of a senior psychiatrist, were screened and recruited in the study after satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria by consecutive sampling. Patients were prescribed fluoxetine (n=90), sertraline (n=55), paroxetine (n=30) and escitalopram (n=25). Parameters recorded (serum sodium) at baseline, 4th week, 8th week and 12th week. Symptoms due to hyponatremia and Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR) were also checked. Multiple group comparison at different visits for sodium level was done using one-way ANOVA and repeated measures ANOVA test and relationship of blood sodium level with age were estimated with bivariate correlation. Animal experiment was done in Pharmacology Department, animals were randomised into 5 groups control, fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine and escitalopram (n=6). Blood sodium checked at baseline, 2nd week and 4th week. Kruskal Wallis test and Friedman’s test done to detect changes in sodium level in follow-up period. Results: Mean age ranged between 40-50 years with equal gender distribution. Both within group and between group analysis revealed significant difference in blood sodium level (p-value <0.0001). Hyponatremia was strongly correlated with age (correlation ...
    Schlagwörter : antidepressive agent ; depression ; escitalopram ; fluoxetine ; syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion ; Medicine ; R
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 630
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited
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  9. Artikel ; Online: Multilevel Address Reorganization Type2 in Wireless Personal Area Network

    Uttam Kumar Roy / Debabrato Giri

    International Journal of Wireless & Mobile Networks , Vol 5, Iss 1, Pp 47-

    2013  Band 64

    Abstract: The Standard for Wireless personal area network (WPAN) has been given by IEEE 802.15.4-2003 thesenetworks are consists of Low rate, Low powered, Lowmemory devices. ZigBee Alliance has providedNetwork layer specification and Physical layer (PHY) and ... ...

    Abstract The Standard for Wireless personal area network (WPAN) has been given by IEEE 802.15.4-2003 thesenetworks are consists of Low rate, Low powered, Lowmemory devices. ZigBee Alliance has providedNetwork layer specification and Physical layer (PHY) and Medium access control (MAC) specificationhas been given by IEEE. In general the networks areof two kind Tree/Mess. In tree network no routingtable is required for routing. After the great success in PAN this technique has also been tried to apply inbusiness Network too. The main problem with this routing is that the maximum no of child (Routercapable or end device) at any level and maximum network depth is fixed and this is done at the time ofnetwork formation. So the network can’t grow beyondthat max limit of breadth and width. We haveaddressed the network depth problem in our paper “Address Borrowing in Wireless Personal AreaNetwork”. Now in some other network configuration the maximum breadth of the network may beattained but the maximum depth of the network may not be attained (because of the asymmetric nature ofthe physical area) at that part and hence address lies unused. Here In this paper we have provided aunified address reorganizing scheme which can be easily applied to tree network so that the network cangrow beyond the maximum no of child present at anylevel and overcome the address exhaustion problemby reorganizing address as per the requirement butwithout adding any extra overhead of having arouting table.
    Schlagwörter PAN ; Mesh ; Address Reorganizing ; Routing ; WPAN ; Tre e ; Electronic computers. Computer science ; QA75.5-76.95 ; Instruments and machines ; QA71-90 ; Mathematics ; QA1-939 ; Science ; Q ; DOAJ:Computer Science ; DOAJ:Technology and Engineering
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 000
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2013-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag Academy & Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC)
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  10. Artikel ; Online: STABLE DRUG DESIGNING BY MINIMIZING DRUG PROTEIN INTERACTION ENERGY USING PSO

    Anupam Ghosh / Mainak Talukdar / Uttam Kumar Roy

    Computer Science & Information Technology, Vol 5, Iss 13, Pp 63-

    2015  Band 74

    Abstract: Each and every biological function in living organism happens as a result of protein-protein interactions. The diseases are no exception to this. Identifying one or more proteins for a particular disease and then designing a suitable chemical compound ( ... ...

    Abstract Each and every biological function in living organism happens as a result of protein-protein interactions. The diseases are no exception to this. Identifying one or more proteins for a particular disease and then designing a suitable chemical compound (known as drug) to destroy these proteins has been an interesting topic of research in bio-informatics. In previous methods, drugs were designed using only seven chemical components and were represented as a fixedlength tree. But in reality, a drug contains many chemical groups collectively known as pharmacophore. Moreover, the chemical length of the drug cannot be determined before designing the drug.
    Schlagwörter Active Site ; Docking ; Electrostatic Force ; Proteins ; Van Der Waals Force ; Electronic computers. Computer science ; QA75.5-76.95 ; Instruments and machines ; QA71-90 ; Mathematics ; QA1-939 ; Science ; Q
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2015-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag Academy & Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC)
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    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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