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Article ; Online: FOREST CLIMATE PROJECTS IN RUSSIA

V.N. Korotkov

Russian Journal of Ecosystem Ecology, Iss

LIMITATIONS AND OPPORTUNITIES

2023 Volume 4

Abstract: The article discusses the main types of forest-climatic projects, their possible potential, advantages, limitations and risks. Before implementing forest climate projects, it is advisable to pre-calculate the dynamics of carbon sequestration in ... ...

Abstract	The article discusses the main types of forest-climatic projects, their possible potential, advantages, limitations and risks. Before implementing forest climate projects, it is advisable to pre-calculate the dynamics of carbon sequestration in ecosystems when implementing additional measures compared to the baseline using predictive simulation modeling.
Keywords	nature based solution ; forest climate project ; carbon dioxide ; afforestation ; reforestation ; improved forest management ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Penza State University Publishing House
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: PROFESSOR OLGA V. SMIRNOVA’S SYSTEM OF VIEWS IN FOREST ECOSYSTEM ECOLOGY

O. I. Evstigneev / V. N. Korotkov

Вопросы лесной науки, Vol 5, Iss 4, Pp 1-

2022 Volume 30

Abstract: Professor Olga V. Smirnova, Doctor of Biological Sciences, is a prominent scientist in the field of plant demography, population biology, and forest ecosystem ecology. Professor Olga V. Smirnova’s edifice is based on ideas about the leading role of plant ...

Abstract	Professor Olga V. Smirnova, Doctor of Biological Sciences, is a prominent scientist in the field of plant demography, population biology, and forest ecosystem ecology. Professor Olga V. Smirnova’s edifice is based on ideas about the leading role of plant and animal populations in the organization of the biogeocenotic cover. In this case, it is implied that a continuous generational turnover in edificator (keystone species) populations is necessary to maintain the species and structural diversity in communities and ensure their sustainability. This system of views was influenced by Professor Alexey A. Uranov. The development of these ideas was consistent and gradual. First, Professor Olga V. Smirnova studied the biology of different plant species life forms. Examining their individual development, with identification of ontogenetic stages, is necessary for demographic research. She then developed the theory of coenopopulations as supraorganismal systems, which can self-sustain under different conditions. Finally, she developed the doctrine of biogeocenosis as a system of interacting populations and created the concept of anthropogenic transformation of the forest cover in the Holocene. Her contributions helped researchers to understand the mechanisms of the formation of modern zonality that are due to human activity.
Keywords	plant biological age ; plant population strategy ; coenopopulation ; edificator ; forest ecosystem ecology ; modern zonality ; historical ecology ; Forestry ; SD1-669.5
Subject code	580
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Russian Academy of Sciences, Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: BASIC CONCEPTS AND METHODS OF RESTORATION OF NATURAL FORESTS IN EASTERN EUROPE

V. N. Korotkov

Russian Journal of Ecosystem Ecology, Vol 2, Iss

2017 Volume 1

Abstract: The modern forest in coniferous-broadleaf (hemiboreal) and broadleaf zones of Eastern Europe were formed as a result of long-term human impact. This led to the loss of natural forests and total dominance of secondary forests combined with monocultures of ...

Abstract	The modern forest in coniferous-broadleaf (hemiboreal) and broadleaf zones of Eastern Europe were formed as a result of long-term human impact. This led to the loss of natural forests and total dominance of secondary forests combined with monocultures of spruce and pine that were created in clearings, burned areas and fallow lands. The reforestation model that was common in the late XIX and first half of the XX century and that was focused on the establishment of monocultures commercially valuable coniferous tree species (spruce and pine) over large areas has resulted in declining biological diversity, increasing risk of tree damage due to outbreaks of pathogens and phytophagous insects, decreasing soil fertility, worsening soil and water conservation functions of forests. When restoring the prototypes of natural forests it is necessary to be guided by the modern concepts of synecology and model reconstructions of forest cover in pre-anthropogenic period that are briefly discussed in the paper. Based on the analysis of literature and research experience the author proposes the concept of natural forest restoration that can be applied primarily to the coniferous-broadleaf and broadleaf forests. The main goal is to create multiple-aged and polydominant near-natural forest ecosystems with higher resistance to fungal diseases and outbreaks of phytophagous insects. The field of concept application is specially protected natural areas (national parks, natural parks, wildlife sanctuaries, etc.), different categories of protective forests located within the zones of coniferous-broadleaf and broadleaf forests on the East European Plain. The formation of multiple-aged forests is possible when group felling and group-clear felling that largely imitate the natural gap-mosaic stand are implemented. The formation of new generations of trees is possible both due to the natural regeneration and the development of forest cultures. The article provides the full set of tree species for the development of forest cultures relating ...
Keywords	natural forest restoration ; ecosystem functions ; biological diversity ; multispecies multiple-aged forest ; mixed-species plantation ; group felling ; coniferous-broadleaf forest ; broadleaf forest ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Penza State University Publishing House
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: NATURAL ZONALITY OF THE FOREST BELT OF NORTHERN EURASIA

O. V. Smirnova / А. P. Geraskina / V. N. Korotkov

Russian Journal of Ecosystem Ecology, Iss

MYTH OR REALITY? PART 2 (LITERATURE REVIEW)

2021 Volume 2

Abstract: Solving the problems of sustainable existence of the biota in Northern Eurasia requires a detailed analysis of the interactions between human and nature at the initial stage of the development of this territory. Paleoreconstructions of the structural and ...

Abstract	Solving the problems of sustainable existence of the biota in Northern Eurasia requires a detailed analysis of the interactions between human and nature at the initial stage of the development of this territory. Paleoreconstructions of the structural and functional organization of the biota in the analyzed territory at different stages of its development constitute the necessary basis for solving the problems of preserving and restoring natural laws, which are absolutely necessary for a deep understanding of natural mechanisms, as the main condition for the survival of mankind. The initial stage of interaction between human and nature called “appropriating economy” was marked by the destruction of complementary systems – the basis of the sustainable existence of nature as a whole. The main reason is the almost complete destruction of the giant phytophagous mammoth complex. The next period of interaction between human and nature is “the stage of the productive economy”, in which slash-and-burn agriculture became the main method of agricultural development of forest areas in Northern Eurasia. This type of Nature management caused a decrease in the productivity of forest ecosystems, associated with the loss of nutrients after the burning of the stand, with the loss of soil biota and a decrease in soil fertility. Thus, the pre-anthropogenic biota is replaced by modern fragments of anthropogenically transformed areas. Currently, when the still preserved species and their groups cannot be maintained by nature itself, we need to develop and implement large-scale measures to restore the biota and its climate-regulating functions as soon as possible.
Keywords	slash and burn agriculture ; climate ; paleohistory ; complementarity ; forest ; ecosystem ; plowing ; soil ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
Subject code	910
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Penza State University Publishing House
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: INTERRELATION OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE GROUND COVER, LITTER AND SOILS IN THE CONIFEROUS-BROAD-LEAVED FORESTS OF THE LOW-MOUNTAIN OF THE MIDDLE URALS

I.Yu. Kudrevatykh / R.Z. Sibgatullin / V.N. Korotkov / A.P. Geraskina / O.V. Smirnova

Russian Journal of Ecosystem Ecology, Iss

2023 Volume 3

Abstract: A fir-spruce-linden herbs forest and fir-spruce tall herbs forest on brown mountain soil in the Visimsky State Natural Biosphere Reserve were studied. In each type of forest, the biodiversity and variability of the chemical composition of ground cover ... ...

Abstract	A fir-spruce-linden herbs forest and fir-spruce tall herbs forest on brown mountain soil in the Visimsky State Natural Biosphere Reserve were studied. In each type of forest, the biodiversity and variability of the chemical composition of ground cover and litter plants in different seasons were studied, and the relationship between the chemical composition of plants and the chemical composition of soils was assessed. Found that in spring the content of Fe, Cr, Rb, Ti, Zn, Ni, Al, S and P in the ground cover is higher, and by the end of the growing season the content of Mn, Sr, Ca, K, Mg and Cl increases. Ground cover plants of the studied forests contribute to the accumulation of Fe, Al, Mg, Ba, Ti, Mn, Ni, Cr and Zn in the soil due to their concentration in roots. In the chemical composition of the litter of the fir-spruce-linden herbs forest, the content of Ca, S, Sr, Ba, Mg, Fe, Ba, and Ti is higher than that of the fir-spruce tall herbs forest, which is reflected in the increase in the content of these elements in the organic horizon of the studied soils.
Keywords	fir-spruce forest ; ground cover ; chemical composition ; soil ; litter ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
Subject code	910
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Penza State University Publishing House
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Professor Olga V. Smirnova’s system of views in forest ecosistem ecology

O.I. Evstigneev / V.N. Korotkov

Вопросы лесной науки, Vol 2, Iss 4, Pp 1-

2019 Volume 36

Abstract: Professor Olga V. Smirnova, Doctor of Biological Sciences, is a prominent scientist in the field of plant demography, population biology and forest ecosystem ecology. Professor Smirnova’s edifice is based on ideas about the leading role of plant and ... ...

Abstract	Professor Olga V. Smirnova, Doctor of Biological Sciences, is a prominent scientist in the field of plant demography, population biology and forest ecosystem ecology. Professor Smirnova’s edifice is based on ideas about the leading role of plant and animal populations in the organisation of the biogeocenotic cover. In this case, it is implied that a continuous turnover of generations in populations of edificators (key species) is necessary to maintain the species and structural diversity of communities and ensure their sustainability. This system of views was formed under the influence of Professor Alexey A. Uranov. The development of these ideas was consistent and gradual. First, Professor Smirnova studied the biology of different plant species life forms. Examining their individual development, with identification of ontogenetic stages, is necessary for demographic research. She then developed the theory of coenopopulations as supraorganismal systems, which can self-sustain under different conditions. Finally, she developed the doctrine of biogeocenosis as a system of interacting populations and created the concept of anthropogenic transformation of the forest cover in the Holocene. Her contributions helped researchers to understand the mechanisms of the formation of modern zonality that are due to human activity.
Keywords	plant biological age ; plant population strategy ; coenopopulation ; edificator ; forest biogeocenology ; modern zonality ; historical ecology ; Forestry ; SD1-669.5
Subject code	580
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Russian Academy of Sciences, Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: NATURAL ZONALITY OF THE FOREST BELT OF NORTHERN EURASIA

O. V. Smirnova / А. P. Geraskina / V. N. Korotkov

Russian Journal of Ecosystem Ecology, Vol 5, Iss

MYTH OR REALITY? PART 1 (LITERATURE REVIEW)

2020 Volume 1

Abstract: The state of the Earth's living cover raises serious concern about its ability to successfully exist and fully implement its ecosystem functions in modern conditions. Hence the need to revise our relationship with the Nature on the basis of modern ... ...

Abstract	The state of the Earth's living cover raises serious concern about its ability to successfully exist and fully implement its ecosystem functions in modern conditions. Hence the need to revise our relationship with the Nature on the basis of modern scientific achievements reflected in the concept of complementarity which is mutual favour of living beings during their lives and after death. Data analysis has shown that complementary relations on the territory of Northern Eurasia were most developed during the Miocene – Pliocene period, which resulted in a huge biodiversity, the highest productivity, as well as the maximum implementation of climateregulating functions of the Biota. Mass destruction of the giant herbivores of the mammoth fauna who organized complementary systems had global consequences, i.e. changes in the temperature regime, reduction of feed resources, decreased soil fertility, changes in the size and boundaries of ranges of animals, plants, fungi and representatives of other kingdoms as well as the replacement of complementary systems of giant herbivores and grasses by systems dominated by trees which made these landscapes unsuitable for remaining the herbivores. Further transformations of the Biota of Northern Eurasia were determined by human activity.
Keywords	complementarity ; biota ; giant phytophagous animals ; climate ; biodiversity ; habitat ; ecosystem ; human activity ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
Subject code	910
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Penza State University Publishing House
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: PRODUCTIVITY AND CONTENT OF MACRO- AND MICROELEMENTS IN THE PHYTOMASS OF GROUND VEGETATION OF TYPICAL AND UNIQUE TAIGA FORESTS OF THE NORTHERN URALS (EXAMPLE OF SPRUCE-FIR FORESTS OF THE PECHORA-ILYCH NATURE RESERVE)

A. P. Geraskina / O. V. Smirnova / V. N. Korotkov / I. Yu. Kudrevatykh

Russian Journal of Ecosystem Ecology, Vol 5, Iss

2020 Volume 2

Abstract: Most woodlands of the Northern Eurasia are represented by bilberry-green moss spruce-fir forests. At the same time, a tall herb type of spruce-fir forests that occupies a much smaller area was identified and described. The objective of this work is to ... ...

Abstract	Most woodlands of the Northern Eurasia are represented by bilberry-green moss spruce-fir forests. At the same time, a tall herb type of spruce-fir forests that occupies a much smaller area was identified and described. The objective of this work is to evaluate and compare the species richness and productivity of the ground vegetation of tall herb spruce-fir (unique) and bilberry-green moss spruce-fir (typical) forests of the Northern Urals. Based on previous studies, two forest types were selected in the foothill part of the Pechora-Ilych nature reserve with tall herb and bilberry-green moss ground vegetation, where total mapping, determination of microsite area and geobotanical descriptions had been carried out previously. Material for determination of the aboveground and below-ground phytomass and chemical composition of plant species was collected in 2017–2018. The concentrations of C and N in plant samples were measured on the elemental analyzer, and Mg, Al, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Fe, and Zn content was found using the method of measuring mass fraction of the element in powder samples by X-ray fluorescence analysis. It was found out that the total phytomass of vascular plants in the ground vegetation of tall herb forests is 5 times higher than that of bilberry-green moss forests. The phytomass of mosses, on the contrary, is 4.4 times lower in tall herb forests in comparison with bilberry-green moss forests. Examination of ecological-coenotic groups of plants in terms of the content of chemical elements taking phytomass in consideration shows that the greatest contribution to the accumulation of macro- and microelements in the tall herb spruce-fir forest is made by the plants from tall herbs, boreal dwarf shrubs and boreal small herbs groups; in the bilberry-green moss spruce-fir forest, the main role is played by mosses and boreal dwarf shrubs. To assess the content of biogenic elements in the ground vegetation a differentiated approach was suggested, which included accounting for above-ground and below-ground ...
Keywords	boreal forests ; biodiversity ; tall herb spruce-fir forests ; bilberry-green moss spruce-fir forests ; microsites ; above-ground phytomass ; below-ground phytomass ; ecological-coenotic groups of plants ; macroelements ; microelements ; ground vegetation ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
Subject code	580
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Penza State University Publishing House
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: ONTOGENETIC STAGES OF TREES

O.I. Evstigneev / V.N. Korotkov

Russian Journal of Ecosystem Ecology, Vol 1, Iss

AN OVERVIEW

2016 Volume 2

Abstract: Based on the concept of biological age of plants, developed by Russian scientists, this paper introduces the ontogenetic stages of East European tree species. The following ontogenetic stages are distinguished within individual development of trees: seed, ...

Abstract	Based on the concept of biological age of plants, developed by Russian scientists, this paper introduces the ontogenetic stages of East European tree species. The following ontogenetic stages are distinguished within individual development of trees: seed, seedling, juvenile, immature (two subgroups), virginile (two subgroups), young generative, mature generative, old generative and senile. Detailed descriptions of ontogenetic stages are represented. Ontogenetic stages are allocated on the basis of a set of qualitative and quantitative traits of plants. Qualitative traits include the presence or absence of embryonic, juvenile, semi-adult and adult structures; ability to seed or vegetatively reproduce; ratios of the processes of growth and dying out in shoot and root systems; and shape of primary and secondary crowns. Quantitative traits include calendar age; height of aboveground parts; stem diameter at breast height (1.3 m) and at its base; height of stem without lower branches; length of fissuring bark on the trunk; length and width of the crown; branching order of the shoot system; length of annual shoot on the main axis and on lateral branches; number of ovules, etс. The main cenotic role of the seed stage is dispersal of the population; seedling stage – growth in a community; juvenile – adapting to growth in the ground layer; immature – adapting to the undergrowth layer; virginile – adapting to the second layer of the tree stand; generative trees – creating a cenotic environment and seed production; and senile trees – gradual release of additional resources (light, space, etc.) for the coming generation of trees.
Keywords	biological age ; ontogenetic stage ; ontogeny ; tree ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
Subject code	580
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Penza State University Publishing House
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: PINE FOREST SUCCESSION ON SANDY RIDGES WITHIN OUTWASH PLAIN (SANDUR) IN NERUSSA-DESNA POLESIE

O. I. Evstigneev / V. N. Korotkov

Russian Journal of Ecosystem Ecology, Vol 1, Iss

2016 Volume 3

Abstract: Successional changes of pine forests were studied in outwash areas characterised by topography with ridges and depressions. The spatial series of pine forests of different stand ages and those that have not experienced the impact of human activities were ...

Abstract	Successional changes of pine forests were studied in outwash areas characterised by topography with ridges and depressions. The spatial series of pine forests of different stand ages and those that have not experienced the impact of human activities were analyzed. Pine forests in outwash areas form two successional series depending on the different ecotopes. The following successional series occurs at the tops of ridges: boreal green moss pine forest à boreal green moss – dwarf shrub forests à boreo-nemoral pine forest with admixture of birch, oak, spruce à nemoral polydominant spruce broad-leaved forest. Another successional series is formed on gentle ridge slopes: boreal polytric pine forest à boreal bilberry-polytric pine forest à boreo-nemoral pine forest with admixture of birch, oak, spruce à nemoral polydominant spruce broad-leaved forest. We show that ecotope has the leading role in the organisation of cenoses at the early stages of succession: green moss pine forests are formed at high and relatively dry relief sites (ridges) and polytric pine forests are formed on relatively wet ridge slopes. The ecotopic mosaic is complicated by the vegetation pattern created by animals (e.g., seed hawkers) at the intermediate stages of succession. Zoochoric species appear in the community: Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Convallaria majalis, Sorbus aucuparia and Quercus robur more often take root at the top of ridges; Vaccinium myrtillus, Frangula alnus and Picea abies grow on the slopes. The mosaic created by trees is imposed on a mosaic caused by ecotopes and animals at the final stages of succession: tree-fall gaps appear in the place of old dead trees with tree undergrowth. As a result, a heterogeneous community with a number of asynchronously developing gaps is formed in place of homogeneous pine forest
Keywords	pine forests ; succession ; zoochory ; outwash areas ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Penza State University Publishing House
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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