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Article ; Online: Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Nuclear Imaging of Parkinsonian Disorders: Where do we go from here?

Savoie, Félix-Antoine / Arpin, David J / Vaillancourt, David E

2023

Abstract: Parkinsonian disorders are a heterogeneous group of incurable neurodegenerative diseases that significantly reduce quality of life and constitute a substantial economic burden. Nuclear imaging (NI) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have played and ... ...

Abstract	Parkinsonian disorders are a heterogeneous group of incurable neurodegenerative diseases that significantly reduce quality of life and constitute a substantial economic burden. Nuclear imaging (NI) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have played and continue to play a key role in research aimed at understanding and monitoring these disorders. MRI is cheaper, more accessible, nonirradiating, and better at measuring biological structures and hemodynamics than NI. NI, on the other hand, can track molecular processes, which may be crucial for the development of efficient diseasemodifying therapies. Given the strengths and weaknesses of NI and MRI, how can they best be applied to Parkinsonism research going forward? This review aims to examine the effectiveness of NI and MRI in three areas of Parkinsonism research (differential diagnosis, prodromal disease identification, and disease monitoring) to highlight where they can be most impactful. Based on the available literature, MRI can assist with differential diagnosis, prodromal disease identification, and disease monitoring as well as NI. However, more work is needed, to confirm the value of MRI for monitoring prodromal disease and predicting phenoconversion. Although NI can complement or be a substitute for MRI in all the areas covered in this review, we believe that its most meaningful impact will emerge once reliable Parkinsonian proteinopathy tracers become available. Future work in tracer development and high-field imaging will continue to influence the landscape for NI and MRI.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-01
Publishing country	United Arab Emirates
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2192352-8
ISSN	1875-6190 ; 1570-159X
ISSN (online)	1875-6190
ISSN	1570-159X
DOI	10.2174/1570159X21666230801140648
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Article ; Online: What Would Dr. James Parkinson Think Today? Tau and Other Imaging Possibilities in Parkinson's Disease.

Vaillancourt, David E

Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society

2017 Volume 32, Issue 6, Page(s) 805–806

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Parkinson Disease ; tau Proteins
Chemical Substances	tau Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-05-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Comment
ZDB-ID	607633-6
ISSN	1531-8257 ; 0885-3185
ISSN (online)	1531-8257
ISSN	0885-3185
DOI	10.1002/mds.27075
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Article ; Online: Parkinson's disease progression in the substantia nigra: location, location, location.

Vaillancourt, David E / Mitchell, Trina

Brain : a journal of neurology

2020 Volume 143, Issue 9, Page(s) 2628–2630

MeSH term(s)	Disease Progression ; Humans ; Melanins ; Parkinson Disease ; Substantia Nigra/diagnostic imaging
Chemical Substances	Melanins ; neuromelanin
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	80072-7
ISSN	1460-2156 ; 0006-8950
ISSN (online)	1460-2156
ISSN	0006-8950
DOI	10.1093/brain/awaa252
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Article ; Online: Aducanumab reduces Aβ plaques in Alzheimer's disease.

Vaillancourt, David E

Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society

2016 Volume 31, Issue 11, Page(s) 1631

Language	English
Publishing date	2016-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	607633-6
ISSN	1531-8257 ; 0885-3185
ISSN (online)	1531-8257
ISSN	0885-3185
DOI	10.1002/mds.26833
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Article ; Online: Cortico-basal ganglia white matter microstructure is linked to restricted repetitive behavior in autism spectrum disorder.

Wilkes, Bradley J / Archer, Derek B / Farmer, Anna L / Bass, Carly / Korah, Hannah / Vaillancourt, David E / Lewis, Mark H

Molecular autism

2024 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 6

Abstract: Background: Restricted repetitive behavior (RRB) is one of two behavioral domains required for the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Neuroimaging is widely used to study brain alterations associated with ASD and the domain of social and ... ...

Abstract	Background: Restricted repetitive behavior (RRB) is one of two behavioral domains required for the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Neuroimaging is widely used to study brain alterations associated with ASD and the domain of social and communication deficits, but there has been less work regarding brain alterations linked to RRB. Methods: We utilized neuroimaging data from the National Institute of Mental Health Data Archive to assess basal ganglia and cerebellum structure in a cohort of children and adolescents with ASD compared to typically developing (TD) controls. We evaluated regional gray matter volumes from T1-weighted anatomical scans and assessed diffusion-weighted scans to quantify white matter microstructure with free-water imaging. We also investigated the interaction of biological sex and ASD diagnosis on these measures, and their correlation with clinical scales of RRB. Results: Individuals with ASD had significantly lower free-water corrected fractional anisotropy (FA Limitations: The basal ganglia and cerebellar regions in this study were selected due to their hypothesized relevance to RRB. Differences between ASD and TD individuals that may occur outside the basal ganglia and cerebellum, and their potential relationship to RRB, were not evaluated. Conclusions: These new findings demonstrate that cortico-basal ganglia white matter microstructure is altered in ASD and linked to RRB. FW in cortico-basal ganglia and intra-basal ganglia white matter was more sensitive to group differences in ASD, whereas cortico-basal ganglia FA
MeSH term(s)	United States ; Adolescent ; Child ; Humans ; White Matter/diagnostic imaging ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnostic imaging ; Basal Ganglia/diagnostic imaging ; Brain ; Water
Chemical Substances	Water (059QF0KO0R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2540930-X
ISSN	2040-2392 ; 2040-2392
ISSN (online)	2040-2392
ISSN	2040-2392
DOI	10.1186/s13229-023-00581-2
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Article: Behavioral Classification of Sequential Neural Activity Using Time Varying Recurrent Neural Networks.

Zhang, Yongxu / Mitelut, Catalin / Arpin, David J / Vaillancourt, David / Murphy, Timothy / Saxena, Shreya

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2023

Abstract: Shifts in data distribution across time can strongly affect early classification of time-series data. When decoding behavior from neural activity, early detection of behavior may help in devising corrective neural stimulation before the onset of behavior. ...

Abstract	Shifts in data distribution across time can strongly affect early classification of time-series data. When decoding behavior from neural activity, early detection of behavior may help in devising corrective neural stimulation before the onset of behavior. Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are common models for sequence data. However, standard RNNs are not able to handle data with temporal distributional shifts to guarantee robust classification across time. To enable the network to utilize all temporal features of the neural input data, and to enhance the memory of an RNN, we propose a novel approach: RNNs with time-varying weights, here termed Time-Varying RNNs (TV-RNNs). These models are able to not only predict the class of the time-sequence correctly but also lead to accurate classification earlier in the sequence than standard RNNs. In this work, we focus on early sequential classification of brain-wide neural activity across time using TV-RNNs applied to a variety of neural data from mice and humans, as subjects perform motor tasks. Finally, we explore the contribution of different brain regions on behavior classification using SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) value, and find that the somatosensory and premotor regions play a large role in behavioral classification.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2023.05.10.540244
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Article ; Online: Mediation of Reduced Hippocampal Volume by Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy in Pathologically Confirmed Patients with Alzheimer's Disease.

Nagaraja, Nandakumar / Wang, Wei-En / Duara, Ranjan / DeKosky, Steven T / Vaillancourt, David

Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD

2023 Volume 93, Issue 2, Page(s) 495–507

Abstract: Background: Hippocampal atrophy in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) has been reported to be similar to that in Alzheimer's disease (AD).: Objective: To evaluate if CAA pathology partly mediates reduced hippocampal volume in patients with AD.: ... ...

Abstract	Background: Hippocampal atrophy in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) has been reported to be similar to that in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Objective: To evaluate if CAA pathology partly mediates reduced hippocampal volume in patients with AD. Methods: Patients with a clinical diagnosis of AD and neuropathological confirmation of AD+/-CAA in the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center database were included in the study. The volumes of temporal lobe structures were calculated on T1-weighted imaging (T1-MRI) using automated FreeSurfer software, from images acquired on average 5 years prior to death. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to compare brain volumes in four CAA groups. The hippocampal volume on T1-MRI was correlated with Clinical Dementia Rating sum of boxes (CDRsb) score, apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, and hippocampal atrophy at autopsy. Results: The study included 231 patients with no (n = 45), mild (n = 70), moderate (n = 67), and severe (n = 49) CAA. Among the four CAA groups, patients with severe CAA had a smaller mean left hippocampal volume (p = 0.023) but this was not significant when adjusted for APOE ɛ4 (p = 0.07). The left hippocampal volume on MRI correlated significantly with the hippocampal atrophy grading on neuropathology (p = 0.0003). Among patients with severe CAA, the left hippocampal volume on T1-MRI: (a) decreased with an increase in the number of APOE ɛ4 alleles (p = 0.04); but (b) had no evidence of correlation with CDRsb score (p = 0.57). Conclusion: Severe CAA was associated with smaller left hippocampal volume on T1-MRI up to five years prior to death among patients with neuropathologically confirmed AD. This relationship was dependent on APOE ɛ4 genotype.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Alzheimer Disease/diagnostic imaging ; Alzheimer Disease/genetics ; Alzheimer Disease/pathology ; Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy/diagnostic imaging ; Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy/genetics ; Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy/pathology ; Apolipoproteins E/genetics ; Apolipoprotein E4/genetics ; Hippocampus/diagnostic imaging ; Hippocampus/pathology
Chemical Substances	Apolipoproteins E ; Apolipoprotein E4
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-07
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1440127-7
ISSN	1875-8908 ; 1387-2877
ISSN (online)	1875-8908
ISSN	1387-2877
DOI	10.3233/JAD-220624
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Article ; Online: Imaging of Motor Cortex Physiology in Parkinson's Disease.

Burciu, Roxana G / Vaillancourt, David E

Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society

2018 Volume 33, Issue 11, Page(s) 1688–1699

Abstract: There is abundant evidence that the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is not confined to the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway but propagates along the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical neural network. A critical node in this functional ... ...

Abstract	There is abundant evidence that the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is not confined to the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway but propagates along the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical neural network. A critical node in this functional circuit impacted by PD is the primary motor cortex (M1), which plays a key role in generating neural impulses that regulate movements. The past several decades have lay witness to numerous in vivo neuroimaging techniques that provide a window into the function and structure of M1. A consistent observation from numerous studies is that during voluntary movement, but also at rest, the functional activity of M1 is altered in PD relative to healthy individuals, and it relates to many of the motor signs. Although this abnormal functional activity can be partially restored with acute dopaminergic medication, it continues to deteriorate with disease progression and may predate structural degeneration of M1. The current review discusses the evidence that M1 is fundamental to the pathophysiology of PD, as measured by neuroimaging techniques such as positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography, and functional and structural MRI. Although novel treatments that target the cortex will not cure PD, they could significantly slow down and alter the progressive course of the disease and thus improve clinical care for this degenerative disease. © 2018 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Basal Ganglia/diagnostic imaging ; Basal Ganglia/physiopathology ; Humans ; Motor Cortex/diagnostic imaging ; Motor Cortex/physiopathology ; Neuroimaging ; Parkinson Disease/pathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-10-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
ZDB-ID	607633-6
ISSN	1531-8257 ; 0885-3185
ISSN (online)	1531-8257
ISSN	0885-3185
DOI	10.1002/mds.102
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Article ; Online: Illuminating basal ganglia and beyond in Parkinson's disease.

Vaillancourt, David E / Lehericy, Stéphane

Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society

2018 Volume 33, Issue 9, Page(s) 1373–1375

MeSH term(s)	Basal Ganglia/metabolism ; Basal Ganglia/pathology ; Humans ; Parkinson Disease/pathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-10-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	607633-6
ISSN	1531-8257 ; 0885-3185
ISSN (online)	1531-8257
ISSN	0885-3185
DOI	10.1002/mds.27483
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Article ; Online: Imaging features of small vessel disease in cerebral amyloid angiopathy among patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Nagaraja, Nandakumar / DeKosky, Steven / Duara, Ranjan / Kong, Lan / Wang, Wei-En / Vaillancourt, David / Albayram, Mehmet

NeuroImage. Clinical

2023 Volume 38, Page(s) 103437

Abstract: Background and purpose: Cerebral small vessel disease biomarkers including white matter hyperintensities (WMH), lacunes, and enlarged perivascular spaces (ePVS) are under investigation to identify those specific to cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). In ... ...

Abstract	Background and purpose: Cerebral small vessel disease biomarkers including white matter hyperintensities (WMH), lacunes, and enlarged perivascular spaces (ePVS) are under investigation to identify those specific to cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). In subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD), we assessed characteristic features and amounts of WMH, lacunes, and ePVS in four CAA categories (no, mild, moderate and severe CAA) and correlated these with Clinical Dementia Rating sum of boxes (CDRsb) score, ApoE genotype, and neuropathological changes at autopsy. Methods: The study included patients with a clinical diagnosis of dementia due to AD and neuropathological confirmation of AD and CAA in the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) database. The WMH, lacunes, and ePVS were evaluated using semi-quantitative scales. Statistical analyses compared the WMH, lacunes, and ePVS values in the four CAA groups with vascular risk factors and AD severity treated as covariates, and to correlate the imaging features with CDRsb score, ApoE genotype, and neuropathological findings. Results: The study consisted of 232 patients, of which 222 patients had FLAIR data available and 105 patients had T2-MRI. Occipital predominant WMH were significantly associated with the presence of CAA (p = 0.007). Among the CAA groups, occipital predominant WMH was associated with severe CAA (β = 1.22, p = 0.0001) compared with no CAA. Occipital predominant WMH were not associated with the CDRsb score performed at baseline (p = 0.68) or at follow-up 2-4 years after the MRI (p = 0.92). There was no significant difference in high grade ePVS in the basal ganglia (p = 0.63) and centrum semiovale (p = 0.95) among the four CAA groups. The WMH and ePVS on imaging did not correlate with the number of ApoE ε4 alleles but the WMH (periventricular and deep) correlated with the presence of infarcts, lacunes and microinfarcts on neuropathology. Conclusion: Among patients with AD, occipital predominant WMH is more likely to be found in patients with severe CAA than in those without CAA. The high-grade ePVS in centrum semiovale were common in all AD patients regardless of CAA severity.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Alzheimer Disease/genetics ; Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy/complications ; Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy/diagnostic imaging ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Apolipoproteins E/genetics ; Basal Ganglia/pathology ; Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases/complications ; Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases/diagnostic imaging
Chemical Substances	Apolipoproteins E
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-17
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2701571-3
ISSN	2213-1582 ; 2213-1582
ISSN (online)	2213-1582
ISSN	2213-1582
DOI	10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103437
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