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Article ; Online: Micronized Recycle Rubber Particles Modified Multifunctional Polymer Composites: Application to Ultrasonic Materials Engineering.

Genovés, Vicente / Fariñas, María Dolores / Pérez-Aparicio, Roberto / Saiz-Rodríguez, Leticia / Valentín, Juan López / Álvarez-Arenas, Tomás Gómez

Polymers

2022 Volume 14, Issue 17

Abstract: There is a growing interest in multifunctional composites and in the identification of novel applications for recycled materials. In this work, the design and fabrication of multiple particle-loaded polymer composites, including micronized rubber from ... ...

Abstract	There is a growing interest in multifunctional composites and in the identification of novel applications for recycled materials. In this work, the design and fabrication of multiple particle-loaded polymer composites, including micronized rubber from end-of-life tires, is studied. The integration of these composites as part of ultrasonic transducers can further expand the functionality of the piezoelectric material in the transducer in terms of sensitivity, bandwidth, ringing and axial resolution and help to facilitate the fabrication and use of phantoms for echography. The adopted approach is a multiphase and multiscale one, based on a polymeric matrix with a load of recycled rubber and tungsten powders. A fabrication procedure, compatible with transducer manufacturing, is proposed and successfully used. We also proposed a modelling approach to calculate the complex elastic modulus, the ultrasonic damping and to evaluate the relative influence of particle scattering. It is concluded that it is possible to obtain materials with acoustic impedance in the range 2.35-15.6 MRayl, ultrasound velocity in the range 790-2570 m/s, attenuation at 3 MHz, from 0.96 up to 27 dB/mm with a variation of the attenuation with the frequency following a power law with exponent in the range 1.2-3.2. These ranges of values permit us to obtain most of the material properties demanded in ultrasonic engineering.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-01
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2527146-5
ISSN	2073-4360 ; 2073-4360
ISSN (online)	2073-4360
ISSN	2073-4360
DOI	10.3390/polym14173614
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Microscopic State of Polymer Network Chains upon Swelling and Deformation

Naumova, Anna / Agudelo, Diana Carolina / Saalwächter, Kay / Valentin, Juan Lopez / Vega, Daniel A / Villar, Marcelo A

Macromolecules. 2019 June 27, v. 52, no. 13

2019

Abstract: We use low-resolution proton NMR to probe the chain deformation in swollen and nonlinearly deformed vulcanized rubber and end-linked PDMS networks on a microscopic level, extending earlier work focusing on uniaxial stretching and isotropic dilation upon ... ...

Abstract	We use low-resolution proton NMR to probe the chain deformation in swollen and nonlinearly deformed vulcanized rubber and end-linked PDMS networks on a microscopic level, extending earlier work focusing on uniaxial stretching and isotropic dilation upon swelling toward biaxial deformation and deformation of swollen samples. Previous studies have revealed that chain deformation in bulk samples is best described by tube models, and that chains in swollen samples deform affinely after an initial desinterspersion stage, upon which entanglement-related packing effects are relieved. We test whether a subsequent deformation may also be closer to affine, and find that this is not the case. Unexpectedly, nonisotropic deformation of swollen samples also follows tube-model predictions, which is explained by a dominance of structural inhomogeneities and significant reorganization of the topological constraints active in the swollen and possibly even the bulk state.
Keywords	deformation ; isotropy ; models ; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; polymers ; prediction ; rubber ; topology
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-0627
Size	p. 5042-5053.
Publishing place	American Chemical Society
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1491942-4
ISSN	1520-5835 ; 0024-9297
ISSN (online)	1520-5835
ISSN	0024-9297
DOI	10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00971
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Poly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene) as polymeric crosslinking accelerator for sulphur network formation

Hait, Sakrit / Valentín, Juan López / Jiménez, Antonio González / Ortega, Pilar Bernal / Ghosh, Anik Kumar / Stöckelhuber, Klaus Werner / Wießner, Sven / Heinrich, Gert / Das, Amit

Heliyon. 2020 Aug., v. 6, no. 8

2020

Abstract: The major controlling factors that determine the various mechanical properties of an elastomer system are type of chemical crosslinking and crosslink density of the polymer network. In this study, a catalytic amount of acrylonitrile butadiene copolymer ( ... ...

Abstract	The major controlling factors that determine the various mechanical properties of an elastomer system are type of chemical crosslinking and crosslink density of the polymer network. In this study, a catalytic amount of acrylonitrile butadiene copolymer (NBR) was used as a co-accelerator for the curing of polybutadiene (BR) elastomer. After the addition of this copolymer along with other conventional sulphur ingredients in polybutadiene compounds, a clear and distinct effect on the curing and other physical characteristics was noticed. The crosslinking density of BR was increased, as evidenced by rheometric properties, solid-state NMR and swelling studies. The vulcanization kinetics study revealed a substantial lowering of the activation energy of the sulphur crosslinking process when acrylonitrile butadiene copolymer was used in the formulation. The compounds were also prepared in the presence of carbon black and silica, and it was found that in the carbon black filled system the catalytic effect of the NBR was eminent. The effect was not only reflected in the mechanical performance but also the low-temperature crystallization behavior of BR systems was altered.
Keywords	activation energy ; composite polymers ; crosslinking ; crystallization ; silica ; soot ; sulfur
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-08
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04659
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Poly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene) as polymeric crosslinking accelerator for sulphur network formation.

Hait, Sakrit / Valentín, Juan López / Jiménez, Antonio González / Ortega, Pilar Bernal / Ghosh, Anik Kumar / Stöckelhuber, Klaus Werner / Wießner, Sven / Heinrich, Gert / Das, Amit

Heliyon

2020 Volume 6, Issue 8, Page(s) e04659

Abstract	The major controlling factors that determine the various mechanical properties of an elastomer system are type of chemical crosslinking and crosslink density of the polymer network. In this study, a catalytic amount of acrylonitrile butadiene copolymer (NBR) was used as a co-accelerator for the curing of polybutadiene (BR) elastomer. After the addition of this copolymer along with other conventional sulphur ingredients in polybutadiene compounds, a clear and distinct effect on the curing and other physical characteristics was noticed. The crosslinking density of BR was increased, as evidenced by rheometric properties, solid-state NMR and swelling studies. The vulcanization kinetics study revealed a substantial lowering of the activation energy of the sulphur crosslinking process when acrylonitrile butadiene copolymer was used in the formulation. The compounds were also prepared in the presence of carbon black and silica, and it was found that in the carbon black filled system the catalytic effect of the NBR was eminent. The effect was not only reflected in the mechanical performance but also the low-temperature crystallization behavior of BR systems was altered.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04659
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Poly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene) as polymeric crosslinking accelerator for sulphur network formation

Hait, Sakrit / Valentín, Juan López / Jiménez, Antonio González / Ortega, Pilar Bernal / Ghosh, Anik Kumar / Stöckelhuber, Klaus Werner / Wießner, Sven / Heinrich, Gert / Das, Amit

Heliyon

2020 Volume 6, Issue , Nr. 8

Abstract	The major controlling factors that determine the various mechanical properties of an elastomer system are type of chemical crosslinking and crosslink density of the polymer network. In this study, a catalytic amount of acrylonitrile butadiene copolymer (NBR) was used as a co-accelerator for the curing of polybutadiene (BR) elastomer. After the addition of this copolymer along with other conventional sulphur ingredients in polybutadiene compounds, a clear and distinct effect on the curing and other physical characteristics was noticed. The crosslinking density of BR was increased, as evidenced by rheometric properties, solid-state NMR and swelling studies. The vulcanization kinetics study revealed a substantial lowering of the activation energy of the sulphur crosslinking process when acrylonitrile butadiene copolymer was used in the formulation. The compounds were also prepared in the presence of carbon black and silica, and it was found that in the carbon black filled system the catalytic effect of the NBR was eminent. The effect was not only reflected in the mechanical performance but also the low-temperature crystallization behavior of BR systems was altered. © 2020 The AuthorsMaterials science; Materials chemistry; Crosslinking accelerator; Sulphur network; Solid state NMR; Curing kinetics; Activation energy; Acrylonitrile butadiene; Polybutadiene; Low-temperature; Crystallization. © 2020 The Authors publishedVersion
Keywords	Acrylonitrile butadiene ; Activation energy ; Crosslinking accelerator ; Crystallization ; Curing kinetics ; Low-temperature ; Materials chemistry ; Materials science ; Polybutadiene ; Solid state NMR ; Sulphur network ; 540
Subject code	540 ; 660
Language	English
Publisher	London [u.a.] : Elsevier
Publishing country	de
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Poly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene) as polymeric crosslinking accelerator for sulphur network formation

Hait, Sakrit / Valentín, Juan López / Jiménez, Antonio González / Ortega, Pilar Bernal / Ghosh, Anik Kumar / Stöckelhuber, Klaus Werner / Wießner, Sven / Heinrich, Gert / Das, Amit

Heliyon

2020 Volume 6, Issue , Nr. 8

Abstract	The major controlling factors that determine the various mechanical properties of an elastomer system are type of chemical crosslinking and crosslink density of the polymer network. In this study, a catalytic amount of acrylonitrile butadiene copolymer (NBR) was used as a co-accelerator for the curing of polybutadiene (BR) elastomer. After the addition of this copolymer along with other conventional sulphur ingredients in polybutadiene compounds, a clear and distinct effect on the curing and other physical characteristics was noticed. The crosslinking density of BR was increased, as evidenced by rheometric properties, solid-state NMR and swelling studies. The vulcanization kinetics study revealed a substantial lowering of the activation energy of the sulphur crosslinking process when acrylonitrile butadiene copolymer was used in the formulation. The compounds were also prepared in the presence of carbon black and silica, and it was found that in the carbon black filled system the catalytic effect of the NBR was eminent. The effect was not only reflected in the mechanical performance but also the low-temperature crystallization behavior of BR systems was altered. © 2020 The AuthorsMaterials science; Materials chemistry; Crosslinking accelerator; Sulphur network; Solid state NMR; Curing kinetics; Activation energy; Acrylonitrile butadiene; Polybutadiene; Low-temperature; Crystallization. © 2020 The Authors publishedVersion
Keywords	Acrylonitrile butadiene ; Activation energy ; Crosslinking accelerator ; Crystallization ; Curing kinetics ; Low-temperature ; Materials chemistry ; Materials science ; Polybutadiene ; Solid state NMR ; Sulphur network ; 540
Subject code	540 ; 660
Language	English
Publisher	London [u.a.] : Elsevier
Publishing country	de
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

Full text online

Full text

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

Article ; Online: Poly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene) as polymeric crosslinking accelerator for sulphur network formation

Hait, Sakrit / Valentín, Juan López / Jiménez, Antonio González / Ortega, Pilar Bernal / Ghosh, Anik Kumar / Stöckelhuber, Klaus Werner / Wießner, Sven / Heinrich, Gert / Das, Amit

Heliyon

2020 Volume 6, Issue , Nr. 8

Abstract	The major controlling factors that determine the various mechanical properties of an elastomer system are type of chemical crosslinking and crosslink density of the polymer network. In this study, a catalytic amount of acrylonitrile butadiene copolymer (NBR) was used as a co-accelerator for the curing of polybutadiene (BR) elastomer. After the addition of this copolymer along with other conventional sulphur ingredients in polybutadiene compounds, a clear and distinct effect on the curing and other physical characteristics was noticed. The crosslinking density of BR was increased, as evidenced by rheometric properties, solid-state NMR and swelling studies. The vulcanization kinetics study revealed a substantial lowering of the activation energy of the sulphur crosslinking process when acrylonitrile butadiene copolymer was used in the formulation. The compounds were also prepared in the presence of carbon black and silica, and it was found that in the carbon black filled system the catalytic effect of the NBR was eminent. The effect was not only reflected in the mechanical performance but also the low-temperature crystallization behavior of BR systems was altered. © 2020 The AuthorsMaterials science; Materials chemistry; Crosslinking accelerator; Sulphur network; Solid state NMR; Curing kinetics; Activation energy; Acrylonitrile butadiene; Polybutadiene; Low-temperature; Crystallization. © 2020 The Authors publishedVersion
Keywords	Acrylonitrile butadiene ; Activation energy ; Crosslinking accelerator ; Crystallization ; Curing kinetics ; Low-temperature ; Materials chemistry ; Materials science ; Polybutadiene ; Solid state NMR ; Sulphur network ; 540
Subject code	540 ; 660
Language	English
Publisher	London [u.a.] : Elsevier
Publishing country	de
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

Full text online

Full text

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

Article ; Online: Poly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene) as polymeric crosslinking accelerator for sulphur network formation

Hait, Sakrit / Valentín, Juan López / Jiménez, Antonio González / Ortega, Pilar Bernal / Ghosh, Anik Kumar / Stöckelhuber, Klaus Werner / Wießner, Sven / Heinrich, Gert / Das, Amit

Heliyon

2020 Volume 6, Issue , Nr. 8

Abstract	The major controlling factors that determine the various mechanical properties of an elastomer system are type of chemical crosslinking and crosslink density of the polymer network. In this study, a catalytic amount of acrylonitrile butadiene copolymer (NBR) was used as a co-accelerator for the curing of polybutadiene (BR) elastomer. After the addition of this copolymer along with other conventional sulphur ingredients in polybutadiene compounds, a clear and distinct effect on the curing and other physical characteristics was noticed. The crosslinking density of BR was increased, as evidenced by rheometric properties, solid-state NMR and swelling studies. The vulcanization kinetics study revealed a substantial lowering of the activation energy of the sulphur crosslinking process when acrylonitrile butadiene copolymer was used in the formulation. The compounds were also prepared in the presence of carbon black and silica, and it was found that in the carbon black filled system the catalytic effect of the NBR was eminent. The effect was not only reflected in the mechanical performance but also the low-temperature crystallization behavior of BR systems was altered. © 2020 The AuthorsMaterials science; Materials chemistry; Crosslinking accelerator; Sulphur network; Solid state NMR; Curing kinetics; Activation energy; Acrylonitrile butadiene; Polybutadiene; Low-temperature; Crystallization. © 2020 The Authors publishedVersion
Keywords	Acrylonitrile butadiene ; Activation energy ; Crosslinking accelerator ; Crystallization ; Curing kinetics ; Low-temperature ; Materials chemistry ; Materials science ; Polybutadiene ; Solid state NMR ; Sulphur network ; 540
Subject code	540 ; 660
Language	English
Publisher	London [u.a.] : Elsevier
Publishing country	de
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

Full text online

Full text

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

Article ; Online: Poly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene) as polymeric crosslinking accelerator for sulphur network formation

Hait, Sakrit / Valentín, Juan López / Jiménez, Antonio González / Ortega, Pilar Bernal / Ghosh, Anik Kumar / Stöckelhuber, Klaus Werner / Wießner, Sven / Heinrich, Gert / Das, Amit

Heliyon

2020 Volume 6, Issue , Nr. 8

Abstract	The major controlling factors that determine the various mechanical properties of an elastomer system are type of chemical crosslinking and crosslink density of the polymer network. In this study, a catalytic amount of acrylonitrile butadiene copolymer (NBR) was used as a co-accelerator for the curing of polybutadiene (BR) elastomer. After the addition of this copolymer along with other conventional sulphur ingredients in polybutadiene compounds, a clear and distinct effect on the curing and other physical characteristics was noticed. The crosslinking density of BR was increased, as evidenced by rheometric properties, solid-state NMR and swelling studies. The vulcanization kinetics study revealed a substantial lowering of the activation energy of the sulphur crosslinking process when acrylonitrile butadiene copolymer was used in the formulation. The compounds were also prepared in the presence of carbon black and silica, and it was found that in the carbon black filled system the catalytic effect of the NBR was eminent. The effect was not only reflected in the mechanical performance but also the low-temperature crystallization behavior of BR systems was altered. © 2020 The AuthorsMaterials science; Materials chemistry; Crosslinking accelerator; Sulphur network; Solid state NMR; Curing kinetics; Activation energy; Acrylonitrile butadiene; Polybutadiene; Low-temperature; Crystallization. © 2020 The Authors publishedVersion
Keywords	Acrylonitrile butadiene ; Activation energy ; Crosslinking accelerator ; Crystallization ; Curing kinetics ; Low-temperature ; Materials chemistry ; Materials science ; Polybutadiene ; Solid state NMR ; Sulphur network ; 540
Subject code	540 ; 660
Language	English
Publisher	London [u.a.] : Elsevier
Publishing country	de
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

Full text online

Full text

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

Article ; Online: Poly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene) as polymeric crosslinking accelerator for sulphur network formation

Hait, Sakrit / Valentín, Juan López / Jiménez, Antonio González / Ortega, Pilar Bernal / Ghosh, Anik Kumar / Stöckelhuber, Klaus Werner / Wießner, Sven / Heinrich, Gert / Das, Amit

Heliyon

2020 Volume 6, Issue , Nr. 8

Abstract	The major controlling factors that determine the various mechanical properties of an elastomer system are type of chemical crosslinking and crosslink density of the polymer network. In this study, a catalytic amount of acrylonitrile butadiene copolymer (NBR) was used as a co-accelerator for the curing of polybutadiene (BR) elastomer. After the addition of this copolymer along with other conventional sulphur ingredients in polybutadiene compounds, a clear and distinct effect on the curing and other physical characteristics was noticed. The crosslinking density of BR was increased, as evidenced by rheometric properties, solid-state NMR and swelling studies. The vulcanization kinetics study revealed a substantial lowering of the activation energy of the sulphur crosslinking process when acrylonitrile butadiene copolymer was used in the formulation. The compounds were also prepared in the presence of carbon black and silica, and it was found that in the carbon black filled system the catalytic effect of the NBR was eminent. The effect was not only reflected in the mechanical performance but also the low-temperature crystallization behavior of BR systems was altered. © 2020 The AuthorsMaterials science; Materials chemistry; Crosslinking accelerator; Sulphur network; Solid state NMR; Curing kinetics; Activation energy; Acrylonitrile butadiene; Polybutadiene; Low-temperature; Crystallization. © 2020 The Authors publishedVersion
Keywords	Acrylonitrile butadiene ; Activation energy ; Crosslinking accelerator ; Crystallization ; Curing kinetics ; Low-temperature ; Materials chemistry ; Materials science ; Polybutadiene ; Solid state NMR ; Sulphur network ; 540
Subject code	540 ; 660
Language	English
Publisher	London [u.a.] : Elsevier
Publishing country	de
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

Full text online

Full text

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

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