LIVIVO - Search results -

Search results

Result 1 - 9 of total 9

Search options

Article ; Online: Human presence and infrastructure impact wildlife nocturnality differently across an assemblage of mammalian species

Michael Procko / Robin Naidoo / Valerie LeMay / A. Cole Burton

PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss

2023 Volume 5

Abstract: Wildlife species may shift towards more nocturnal behavior in areas of higher human influence, but it is unclear how consistent this shift might be. We investigated how humans impact large mammal diel activities in a heavily recreated protected area and ... ...

Abstract	Wildlife species may shift towards more nocturnal behavior in areas of higher human influence, but it is unclear how consistent this shift might be. We investigated how humans impact large mammal diel activities in a heavily recreated protected area and an adjacent university-managed forest in southwest British Columbia, Canada. We used camera trap detections of humans and wildlife, along with data on land-use infrastructure (e.g., recreation trails and restricted-access roads), in Bayesian regression models to investigate impacts of human disturbance on wildlife nocturnality. We found moderate evidence that black bears (Ursus americanus) were more nocturnal in response to human detections (mean posterior estimate = 0.35, 90% credible interval = 0.04 to 0.65), but no other clear relationships between wildlife nocturnality and human detections. However, we found evidence that coyotes (Canis latrans) (estimates = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.46 to 1.17) were more nocturnal and snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) (estimate = -0.87, 95% CI = -1.29 to -0.46) were less nocturnal in areas of higher trail density. We also found that coyotes (estimate = -0.87, 95% CI = -1.29 to -0.46) and cougars (Puma concolor) (estimate = -1.14, 90% CI = -2.16 to -0.12) were less nocturnal in areas of greater road density. Furthermore, coyotes, black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus), and snowshoe hares were moderately more nocturnal in areas near urban-wildland boundaries (estimates and 90% CIs: coyote = -0.29, -0.55 to -0.04, black-tailed deer = -0.25, -0.45 to -0.04, snowshoe hare = -0.24, -0.46 to -0.01). Our findings imply anthropogenic landscape features may influence medium to large-sized mammal diel activities more than direct human presence. While increased nocturnality may be a promising mechanism for human-wildlife coexistence, shifts in temporal activity can also have negative repercussions for wildlife, warranting further research into the causes and consequences of wildlife responses to increasingly human-dominated landscapes.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

Full text online

Full text

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

Article ; Online: Human presence and infrastructure impact wildlife nocturnality differently across an assemblage of mammalian species.

Michael Procko / Robin Naidoo / Valerie LeMay / A Cole Burton

PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss 5, p e

2023 Volume 0286131

Abstract	Wildlife species may shift towards more nocturnal behavior in areas of higher human influence, but it is unclear how consistent this shift might be. We investigated how humans impact large mammal diel activities in a heavily recreated protected area and an adjacent university-managed forest in southwest British Columbia, Canada. We used camera trap detections of humans and wildlife, along with data on land-use infrastructure (e.g., recreation trails and restricted-access roads), in Bayesian regression models to investigate impacts of human disturbance on wildlife nocturnality. We found moderate evidence that black bears (Ursus americanus) were more nocturnal in response to human detections (mean posterior estimate = 0.35, 90% credible interval = 0.04 to 0.65), but no other clear relationships between wildlife nocturnality and human detections. However, we found evidence that coyotes (Canis latrans) (estimates = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.46 to 1.17) were more nocturnal and snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) (estimate = -0.87, 95% CI = -1.29 to -0.46) were less nocturnal in areas of higher trail density. We also found that coyotes (estimate = -0.87, 95% CI = -1.29 to -0.46) and cougars (Puma concolor) (estimate = -1.14, 90% CI = -2.16 to -0.12) were less nocturnal in areas of greater road density. Furthermore, coyotes, black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus), and snowshoe hares were moderately more nocturnal in areas near urban-wildland boundaries (estimates and 90% CIs: coyote = -0.29, -0.55 to -0.04, black-tailed deer = -0.25, -0.45 to -0.04, snowshoe hare = -0.24, -0.46 to -0.01). Our findings imply anthropogenic landscape features may influence medium to large-sized mammal diel activities more than direct human presence. While increased nocturnality may be a promising mechanism for human-wildlife coexistence, shifts in temporal activity can also have negative repercussions for wildlife, warranting further research into the causes and consequences of wildlife responses to increasingly human-dominated landscapes.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

Full text online

Full text

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

Article ; Online: Human impacts on mammals in and around a protected area before, during, and after COVID‐19 lockdowns

Michael Procko / Robin Naidoo / Valerie LeMay / A. Cole Burton

Conservation Science and Practice, Vol 4, Iss 7, Pp n/a-n/a (2022)

2022

Abstract: Abstract The dual mandate for many protected areas (PAs) to simultaneously promote recreation and conserve biodiversity may be hampered by negative effects of recreation on wildlife. However, reports of these effects are not consistent, presenting a ... ...

Abstract	Abstract The dual mandate for many protected areas (PAs) to simultaneously promote recreation and conserve biodiversity may be hampered by negative effects of recreation on wildlife. However, reports of these effects are not consistent, presenting a knowledge gap that hinders evidence‐based decision‐making. We used camera traps to monitor human activity and terrestrial mammals in Golden Ears Provincial Park and the adjacent University of British Columbia Malcolm Knapp Research Forest near Vancouver, Canada, with the objective of discerning relative effects of various forms of recreation on cougars (Puma concolor), black bears (Ursus americanus), black‐tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus), snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus), coyotes (Canis latrans), and bobcats (Lynx rufus). Additionally, public closures of the study area associated with the COVD‐19 pandemic offered an unprecedented period of human‐exclusion through which to explore these effects. Using Bayesian generalized mixed‐effects models, we detected negative effects of hikers (mean posterior estimate = −0.58, 95% credible interval [CI] −1.09 to −0.12) on weekly bobcat habitat use and negative effects of motorized vehicles (estimate = −0.28, 95% CI −0.61 to −0.05) on weekly black bear habitat use. We also found increased cougar detection rates in the PA during the COVID‐19 closure (estimate = 0.007, 95% CI 0.005 to 0.009), but decreased cougar detection rates (estimate = −0.006, 95% CI −0.009 to −0.003) and increased black‐tailed deer detection rates (estimate = 0.014, 95% CI 0.002 to 0.026) upon reopening of the PA. Our results emphasize that effects of human activity on wildlife habitat use and movement may be species‐ and/or activity‐dependent, and that camera traps can be an invaluable tool for monitoring both wildlife and human activity, collecting data even when public access is barred. Further, we encourage PA managers seeking to promote both biodiversity conservation and recreation to explicitly assess trade‐offs between these two goals in their PAs.
Keywords	anthropause ; coastal forests ; mammal conservation ; mesopredator release ; predator shield ; recreation ecology ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5 ; General. Including nature conservation ; geographical distribution ; QH1-199.5
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wiley
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

Full text online

Full text

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

Article ; Online: Meta-Modelling to Quantify Yields of White Spruce and Hybrid Spruce Provenances in the Canadian Boreal Forest

Suborna Ahmed / Valerie LeMay / Alvin Yanchuk / Andrew Robinson / Peter Marshall / Gary Bull

Forests, Vol 11, Iss 609, p

2020 Volume 609

Abstract: Tree improvement programs can improve forest management by increasing timber yields in some areas, thereby facilitating conservation of other forest lands. In this study, we used a meta-analytic approach to quantify yields of alternative white ( Picea ... ...

Abstract	Tree improvement programs can improve forest management by increasing timber yields in some areas, thereby facilitating conservation of other forest lands. In this study, we used a meta-analytic approach to quantify yields of alternative white ( Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and hybrid spruce ( Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelmann x Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) stocks across planting sites in the boreal and hemiboreal forests of Canada. We extracted meta-data from published tree improvement program results for five Canadian provinces covering 38 planting sites and 330 white and hybrid spruce provenances. Using these meta-data and a random-coefficients nonlinear mixed-effects modelling approach, we modelled average height over time trajectories for varying planting site characteristics, as well as climate transfer distances between planting sites and provenances. Climatic transfer distances had strong effects on the height trajectory parameters. In particular, the asymptote parameter had a nonlinear increasing trend with planting site versus provenance mean annual temperature differences. We incorporated the height trajectory meta-analysis model into an existing growth and yield model to predict volume yields. Overall, this research provides a mechanism to quantify yields of alternative provenances at a particular planting site, as a component of decision support models for evaluating evaluate forest management investment into improved planting stocks alternatives under current and possible future climates.
Keywords	tree improvement ; growth and yield ; climatic transfer distances ; meta-model ; random-coefficients modelling ; Plant ecology ; QK900-989
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

Full text online

Full text

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

Article ; Online: Model-based estimation of above-ground biomass in the miombo ecoregion of Zambia

James Halperin / Valerie LeMay / Emmanuel Chidumayo / Louis Verchot / Peter Marshall

Forest Ecosystems, Vol

2016 Volume 3

Abstract: Background Information on above-ground biomass (AGB) is important for managing forest resource use at local levels, land management planning at regional levels, and carbon emissions reporting at national and international levels. In many tropical ... ...

Abstract	Background Information on above-ground biomass (AGB) is important for managing forest resource use at local levels, land management planning at regional levels, and carbon emissions reporting at national and international levels. In many tropical developing countries, this information may be unreliable or at a scale too coarse for use at local levels. There is a vital need to provide estimates of AGB with quantifiable uncertainty that can facilitate land use management and policy development improvements. Model-based methods provide an efficient framework to estimate AGB. Methods Using National Forest Inventory (NFI) data for a ~1,000,000 ha study area in the miombo ecoregion, Zambia, we estimated AGB using predicted canopy cover, environmental data, disturbance data, and Landsat 8 OLI satellite imagery. We assessed different combinations of these datasets using three models, a semiparametric generalized additive model (GAM) and two nonlinear models (sigmoidal and exponential), employing a genetic algorithm for variable selection that minimized root mean square prediction error (RMSPE), calculated through cross-validation. We compared model fit statistics to a null model as a baseline estimation method. Using bootstrap resampling methods, we calculated 95 % confidence intervals for each model and compared results to a simple estimate of mean AGB from the NFI ground plot data. Results Canopy cover, soil moisture, and vegetation indices were consistently selected as predictor variables. The sigmoidal model and the GAM performed similarly; for both models the RMSPE was ~36.8 tonnes per hectare (i.e., 57 % of the mean). However, the sigmoidal model was approximately 30 % more efficient than the GAM, assessed using bootstrapped variance estimates relative to a null model. After selecting the sigmoidal model, we estimated total AGB for the study area at 64,526,209 tonnes (+/− 477,730), with a confidence interval 20 times more precise than a simple design-based estimate. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that NFI ...
Keywords	National Forest Inventory ; Above-ground biomass ; Miombo ; REDD+ ; Generalized additive model ; Nonlinear model ; Landsat 8 OLI ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
Subject code	310
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	SpringerOpen
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

Full text online

Full text

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

Article: Canopy cover estimation in miombo woodlands of Zambia: Comparison of Landsat 8 OLI versus RapidEye imagery using parametric, nonparametric, and semiparametric methods

Halperin, James / Kyle Lochhead / Louis Verchot / Nicholas Coops / Peter Marshall / Valerie LeMay

Remote sensing of environment. 2016 June 15, v. 179

2016

Abstract: Acquiring forest resources information for tropical developing countries is challenging due to financial and logistical constraints. Yet, this information is critical for enhancing management capability and engaging in international initiatives such as ... ...

Abstract	Acquiring forest resources information for tropical developing countries is challenging due to financial and logistical constraints. Yet, this information is critical for enhancing management capability and engaging in international initiatives such as Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+). The use of multi-source inventories (i.e., remote-sensing, field, and other data) in integrated models has shown increasing promise for accurately estimating forest attributes at lower costs. In this study, we compared the use of Landsat 8 OLI versus RapidEye satellite imagery in four modeling approaches (generalized linear model (GLM), generalized additive model (GAM), k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN), Random Forests), with and without auxiliary information (e.g., soils characteristics, distance to roads, etc.) to estimate percent canopy cover by pixel for an ~1,000,000ha area in Zambia. We derived plot-level canopy cover as the dependent variable, using field-measured data collected according to current National Forest Inventory (NFI) protocol. Using cross-validation statistics, Landsat 8 OLI exhibited better results than RapidEye across modeling approaches likely due to the additional short-wave infrared bands which consistently improved model performance (average root mean squared prediction error=10.1% versus 11.0%). The GAM approach was more precise, though more challenging to fit. For both remote sensing data sources and all modeling approaches, other auxiliary information improved the model; soil variables were commonly selected for inclusion using a Genetic Algorithm. Using a binomial GAM with Landsat 8 OLI and soil variables, and by applying the current FAO forest/non-forest definition (i.e., canopy cover >10% for a 0.5ha area), we estimated the total forest area as 758,100ha (95% bootstrapped confidence interval of Â±3,953ha). Overall, our research indicates that sufficiently accurate forest area estimates for Zambia can be obtained using canopy cover GAM models that incorporate NFI data and freely-available remote sensing imagery and soil information.
Keywords	algorithms ; canopy ; confidence interval ; data collection ; deforestation ; developing countries ; edaphic factors ; emissions ; Food and Agriculture Organization ; forest inventory ; forest resources ; forests ; information sources ; Landsat ; linear models ; model validation ; prediction ; remote sensing ; roads ; soil ; spatial data ; woodlands ; Zambia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2016-0615
Size	p. 170-182.
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	431483-9
ISSN	0034-4257
ISSN	0034-4257
DOI	10.1016/j.rse.2016.03.028
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

Full text online

Accessible to users with ZB MED library card

In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

984/1289: Show issues
Z 2005/734: Show issues

Order via subito

This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

Details ▾

Article: Characterizing properties and drivers of long distance movements by elephants (Loxodonta africana) in the Gourma, Mali

Wall, Jake / George Wittemyer / Brian Klinkenberg / Valerie LeMay / Iain Douglas-Hamilton

Biological conservation. 2013 Jan., v. 157

2013

Abstract: Wide-ranging, landscape-level movements by terrestrial herbivores are increasingly threatened globally. Understanding the ecology of spatio-temporal movement patterns is critical for conservation of wide-ranging terrestrial species and the ecosystems on ... ...

Abstract	Wide-ranging, landscape-level movements by terrestrial herbivores are increasingly threatened globally. Understanding the ecology of spatio-temporal movement patterns is critical for conservation of wide-ranging terrestrial species and the ecosystems on which they rely. The range of the Gourma elephant population inhabiting the Sahelian eco-region near Tombouctou (Timbuktu), Mali encompasses the largest areal extent in this species (29% greater than range sizes reported in other populations). Over the course of a year, the Gourma elephants (Loxodonta africana) move in a coordinated north–south movement pattern that is relatively unique for the species. We apply two new approaches to this system to characterize space use patterns; a time-density algorithm that provides a probability surface of normalized time spent per unit grid cell of GPS tracked animals and a velocity-grid algorithm that summarizes linear movements (directions, speeds and directional similarity) in cartographic form. The derived movement vector raster was analyzed using standard clustering methods to categorize areas by movement properties. Using these techniques we inferred regions of relative ecological importance to the Gourma elephants, protection of which is essential for the preservation of this unique terrestrial movement system. Analysis suggests the observed spatio-temporal pattern is a complex function of availability of surface water, vegetation productivity (as measured using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI) and possibly vegetation nutrient content. The approaches and applications demonstrated here can further our understanding of the movement ecology of other wildlife landscapes and facilitate the identification of crux points for their improved management.
Keywords	Loxodonta africana ; algorithms ; animals ; ecoregions ; ecosystems ; global positioning systems ; herbivores ; landscapes ; nutrient content ; probability ; surface water ; vegetation ; wildlife ; Mali
Language	English
Dates of publication	2013-01
Size	p. 60-68.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ISSN	0006-3207
DOI	10.1016/j.biocon.2012.07.019
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

Full text online

Accessible to users with ZB MED library card

Order via subito

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

Details ▾
- Full text online
- Order with fees

Article: Differences in crown characteristics between black (Picea mariana) and white spruce (Picea glauca)

Power, Hugues / Valerie LeMay / Frank Berninger / Derek Sattler / Daniel Kneeshaw

Canadian journal of forest research =. 2012 Aug. 22, v. 42, no. 9

2012

Abstract: Black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.) and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) are phylogenetically proximal species that differ in productivity. Crown characteristics of these two species have not been extensively studied, ...

Abstract	Black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.) and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) are phylogenetically proximal species that differ in productivity. Crown characteristics of these two species have not been extensively studied, in spite of the importance of these two species to the Canadian boreal forest and the importance of tree crowns for understanding and modelling tree growth. In this paper, we characterize and compare the crown lengths, crown profiles (i.e., radii), shapes, and surface areas of these two species using 65 white spruce and 57 black spruce trees destructively sampled in the provinces of Alberta, Ontario, and Quebec, Canada. Crown length was measured on every sample tree, while crown profile was obtained by reconstructing crowns from branch measurements. Our results showed that crown lengths did not differ between these two species given the same tree size and growth conditions. However, these two species establish under different growth conditions resulting in crown length differences. Further, differences in crown radii and profiles were found even under the same growth conditions. White spruce trees had wider crown radii and profiles changed from a parabola to a cone shape under increased density. As a result, differences in crown surface areas were found.
Keywords	Picea glauca ; Picea mariana ; boreal forests ; models ; phylogeny ; tree growth ; trees ; Alberta ; Ontario ; Quebec
Language	English
Dates of publication	2012-0822
Size	p. 1733-1743.
Publishing place	NRC Research Press
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1473096-0
ISSN	1208-6037 ; 0045-5067
ISSN (online)	1208-6037
ISSN	0045-5067
DOI	10.1139/x2012-106
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

Order via subito

Article: Differences in crown characteristics between black (Picea mariana) and white spruce (Picea glauca)

Power, Hugues / Valerie LeMay / Frank Berninger / Derek Sattler / Daniel Kneeshaw

Canadian journal of forest research =

Volume v. 42,, Issue no. 9

Abstract	Black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.) and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) are phylogenetically proximal species that differ in productivity. Crown characteristics of these two species have not been extensively studied, in spite of the importance of these two species to the Canadian boreal forest and the importance of tree crowns for understanding and modelling tree growth. In this paper, we characterize and compare the crown lengths, crown profiles (i.e., radii), shapes, and surface areas of these two species using 65 white spruce and 57 black spruce trees destructively sampled in the provinces of Alberta, Ontario, and Quebec, Canada. Crown length was measured on every sample tree, while crown profile was obtained by reconstructing crowns from branch measurements. Our results showed that crown lengths did not differ between these two species given the same tree size and growth conditions. However, these two species establish under different growth conditions resulting in crown length differences. Further, differences in crown radii and profiles were found even under the same growth conditions. White spruce trees had wider crown radii and profiles changed from a parabola to a cone shape under increased density. As a result, differences in crown surface areas were found.
Language	English
Document type	Article
ISSN	1208-6037
Database	AGRIS - International Information System for the Agricultural Sciences and Technology

Order via subito

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

To top

Full text online

More links

Kategorien

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Full text online

More links

Kategorien

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Full text online

More links

Kategorien

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Full text online

More links

Kategorien

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Full text online

More links

Kategorien

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Full text online

More links

Kategorien

In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

Order via subito

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Full text online

More links

Kategorien

Order via subito

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

More links

Kategorien

Order via subito

More links

Kategorien

Order via subito

Inter-library loan at ZB MED