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Article ; Online: Author Correction: Global surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in food animals using priority drugs maps.

Zhao, Cheng / Wang, Yu / Mulchandani, Ranya / Van Boeckel, Thomas P

2024 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 933

Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-31
Publishing country	England
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-024-45494-7
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Global surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in food animals using priority drugs maps.

Zhao, Cheng / Wang, Yu / Mulchandani, Ranya / Van Boeckel, Thomas P

Nature communications

2024 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 763

Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in food animals is a growing threat to animal health and potentially to human health. In resource-limited settings, allocating resources to address AMR can be guided with maps. Here, we mapped AMR prevalence in 7 ... ...

Abstract	Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in food animals is a growing threat to animal health and potentially to human health. In resource-limited settings, allocating resources to address AMR can be guided with maps. Here, we mapped AMR prevalence in 7 antimicrobials in Escherichia coli and nontyphoidal Salmonella species across low- and middle-income countries (LIMCs), using 1088 point-prevalence surveys in combination with a geospatial model. Hotspots of AMR were predicted in China, India, Brazil, Chile, and part of central Asia and southeastern Africa. The highest resistance prevalence was for tetracycline (59% for E. coli and 54% for nontyphoidal Salmonella, average across LMICs) and lowest for cefotaxime (33% and 19%). We also identified the antimicrobial with the highest probability of resistance exceeding critical levels (50%) in the future (1.7-12.4 years) for each 10 × 10 km pixel on the map. In Africa and South America, 78% locations were associated with penicillins or tetracyclines crossing 50% resistance in the future. In contrast, in Asia, 77% locations were associated with penicillins or sulphonamides. Our maps highlight diverging geographic trends of AMR prevalence across antimicrobial classes, and can be used to target AMR surveillance in AMR hotspots for priority antimicrobial classes.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Escherichia coli ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Penicillins ; Salmonella ; Brazil
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Penicillins
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-024-45111-7
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Article ; Online: Predictive Mapping of Antimicrobial Resistance for Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Campylobacter in Food-Producing Animals, Europe, 2000-2021.

Mulchandani, Ranya / Zhao, Cheng / Tiseo, Katie / Pires, João / Van Boeckel, Thomas P

Emerging infectious diseases

2024 Volume 30, Issue 1, Page(s) 96–104

Abstract: In Europe, systematic national surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in food-producing animals has been conducted for decades; however, geographic distribution within countries remains unknown. To determine distribution within Europe, we ... ...

Abstract	In Europe, systematic national surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in food-producing animals has been conducted for decades; however, geographic distribution within countries remains unknown. To determine distribution within Europe, we combined 33,802 country-level AMR prevalence estimates with 2,849 local AMR prevalence estimates from 209 point prevalence surveys across 31 countries. We produced geospatial models of AMR prevalence in Escherichia coli, nontyphoidal Salmonella, and Campylobacter for cattle, pigs, and poultry. We summarized AMR trends by using the proportion of tested antimicrobial compounds with resistance >50% and generated predictive maps at 10 × 10 km resolution that disaggregated AMR prevalence. For E. coli, predicted prevalence rates were highest in southern Romania and southern/eastern Italy; for Salmonella, southern Hungary and central Poland; and for Campylobacter, throughout Spain. Our findings suggest that AMR distribution is heterogeneous within countries and that surveillance data from below the country level could help with prioritizing resources to reduce AMR.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cattle ; Swine ; Escherichia coli ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Campylobacter ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Europe/epidemiology ; Salmonella
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1380686-5
ISSN	1080-6059 ; 1080-6040
ISSN (online)	1080-6059
ISSN	1080-6040
DOI	10.3201/eid3001.221450
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Article: Taxation of veterinary antibiotics to reduce antimicrobial resistance.

Morgan, Alex L K / Moran, Dominic / Van Boeckel, Thomas P

One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands)

2023 Volume 17, Page(s) 100650

Abstract: Routine usage of antibiotics for animal health is a key driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in food-producing animals. Taxation is a possible approach to incentivise appropriate antibiotic usage in food-producing animals. Taxation can be applied ... ...

Abstract	Routine usage of antibiotics for animal health is a key driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in food-producing animals. Taxation is a possible approach to incentivise appropriate antibiotic usage in food-producing animals. Taxation can be applied flatly across all antibiotic classes, targeted to single antibiotic classes, or scaled based on resistance in each class, so called "differential" taxation. However, quantifying the potential impact of taxation is challenging, due to the nonlinear and unintuitive response of AMR dynamics to interventions and changes in antibiotic usage caused by alterations in price. We combine epidemiological models with price elasticities of demand for veterinary antibiotics, to compare the potential benefits of taxation schemes with currently implemented bans on antibiotic usage. Taxation strategies had effects comparable to bans on antibiotic usage in food-producing animals to reduce average resistance prevalence and prevent increases in overall infection. Taxation could also maximise the average number of antibiotics with a resistance prevalence of under 25% and potentially generate annual global revenues of ∼1 billion US$ under a 50% taxation to current prices of food-producing animal antibiotics. Differential taxation was also able to maintain a high availability of antibiotics over time compared to single and flat taxation strategies, while also having the lowest rates of intervention failure and highest potential revenue across all taxation strategies. These findings suggest that taxation should be further explored as a tool to combat the ongoing AMR crisis.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-07
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2834831-X
ISSN	2352-7714
ISSN	2352-7714
DOI	10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100650
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Article ; Online: Mapping Global Bushmeat Activities to Improve Zoonotic Spillover Surveillance by Using Geospatial Modeling.

Jagadesh, Soushieta / Zhao, Cheng / Mulchandani, Ranya / Van Boeckel, Thomas P

Emerging infectious diseases

2023 Volume 29, Issue 4, Page(s) 742–750

Abstract: Human populations that hunt, butcher, and sell bushmeat (bushmeat activities) are at increased risk for zoonotic pathogen spillover. Despite associations with global epidemics of severe illnesses, such as Ebola and mpox, quantitative assessments of ... ...

Abstract	Human populations that hunt, butcher, and sell bushmeat (bushmeat activities) are at increased risk for zoonotic pathogen spillover. Despite associations with global epidemics of severe illnesses, such as Ebola and mpox, quantitative assessments of bushmeat activities are lacking. However, such assessments could help prioritize pandemic prevention and preparedness efforts. We used geospatial models that combined published data on bushmeat activities and ecologic and demographic drivers to map the distribution of bushmeat activities in rural regions globally. The resulting map had high predictive capacity for bushmeat activities (true skill statistic = 0.94). The model showed that mammal species richness and deforestation were principal drivers of the geographic distribution of bushmeat activities and that countries in West and Central Africa had the highest proportion of land area associated with bushmeat activities. These findings could help prioritize future surveillance of bushmeat activities and forecast emerging zoonoses at a global scale.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Animals, Wild ; Zoonoses/epidemiology ; Zoonoses/etiology ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/epidemiology ; Mammals ; Pandemics
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1380686-5
ISSN	1080-6059 ; 1080-6040
ISSN (online)	1080-6059
ISSN	1080-6040
DOI	10.3201/eid2904.221022
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Article ; Online: Global trends in antimicrobial use in food-producing animals: 2020 to 2030.

Mulchandani, Ranya / Wang, Yu / Gilbert, Marius / Van Boeckel, Thomas P

PLOS global public health

2023 Volume 3, Issue 2, Page(s) e0001305

Abstract: Use of antimicrobials in farming has enabled the growth of intensive animal production and helped in meeting the global increase in demand for animal protein. However, the widespread use of veterinary antimicrobials drives antimicrobial resistance, with ... ...

Abstract	Use of antimicrobials in farming has enabled the growth of intensive animal production and helped in meeting the global increase in demand for animal protein. However, the widespread use of veterinary antimicrobials drives antimicrobial resistance, with important consequences for animal health, and potentially human health. Global monitoring of antimicrobial use is essential: first, to track progress in reducing the reliance of farming on antimicrobials. Second, to identify countries where antimicrobial-stewardship efforts should be targeted to curb antimicrobial resistance. Data on usage of antimicrobials in food animals were collected from 42 countries. Multivariate regression models were used in combination with projections of animal counts for cattle, sheep, chicken, and pigs from the Food and Agriculture Organization to estimate global antimicrobial usage of veterinary antimicrobials in 2020 and 2030. Maps of animal densities were used to identify geographic hotspots of antimicrobial use. In each country, estimates of antimicrobial use (tonnes) were calibrated to match continental-level reports of antimicrobial use intensity (milligrams per kilogram of animal) from the World Organization for Animal Health, as well as country-level reports of antimicrobial use from countries that made this information publicly available. Globally, antimicrobial usage was estimated at 99,502 tonnes (95% CI 68,535-198,052) in 2020 and is projected, based on current trends, to increase by 8.0% to 107,472 tonnes (95% CI: 75,927-202,661) by 2030. Hotspots of antimicrobial use were overwhelmingly in Asia (67%), while <1% were in Africa. Findings indicate higher global antimicrobial usage in 2030 compared to prior projections that used data from 2017; this is likely associated with an upward revision of antimicrobial use in Asia/Oceania (~6,000 tonnes) and the Americas (~4,000 tonnes). National-level reporting of antimicrobial use should be encouraged to better evaluate the impact of national policies on antimicrobial use levels.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2767-3375
ISSN (online)	2767-3375
DOI	10.1371/journal.pgph.0001305
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Article ; Online: Global surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in food animals using priority drugs maps

Zhao, Cheng / Wang, Yu / Mulchandani, Ranya / Van Boeckel, Thomas P.

Nature Communications, 15 (1)

2024

Abstract	Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in food animals is a growing threat to animal health and potentially to human health. In resource-limited settings, allocating resources to address AMR can be guided with maps. Here, we mapped AMR prevalence in 7 antimicrobials in Escherichia coli and nontyphoidal Salmonella species across low- and middle-income countries (LIMCs), using 1088 point-prevalence surveys in combination with a geospatial model. Hotspots of AMR were predicted in China, India, Brazil, Chile, and part of central Asia and southeastern Africa. The highest resistance prevalence was for tetracycline (59% for E. coli and 54% for nontyphoidal Salmonella, average across LMICs) and lowest for cefotaxime (33% and 19%). We also identified the antimicrobial with the highest probability of resistance exceeding critical levels (50%) in the future (1.7–12.4 years) for each 10 × 10 km pixel on the map. In Africa and South America, 78% locations were associated with penicillins or tetracyclines crossing 50% resistance in the future. In contrast, in Asia, 77% locations were associated with penicillins or sulphonamides. Our maps highlight diverging geographic trends of AMR prevalence across antimicrobial classes, and can be used to target AMR surveillance in AMR hotspots for priority antimicrobial classes. ISSN:2041-1723
Keywords	Antimicrobial resistance ; Ecological epidemiology ; Epidemiology ; Geography ; Health policy
Language	English
Publisher	Nature
Publishing country	ch
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Global incidence in hospital-associated infections resistant to antibiotics: An analysis of point prevalence surveys from 99 countries.

Balasubramanian, Ruchita / Van Boeckel, Thomas P / Carmeli, Yehuda / Cosgrove, Sara / Laxminarayan, Ramanan

PLoS medicine

2023 Volume 20, Issue 6, Page(s) e1004178

Abstract: Background: Hospital-associated infections (HAIs) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. Many HAIs are caused by drug-resistant bacterial pathogens, but there are major gaps in our understanding of the number of hospital- ... ...

Abstract	Background: Hospital-associated infections (HAIs) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. Many HAIs are caused by drug-resistant bacterial pathogens, but there are major gaps in our understanding of the number of hospital-associated drug-resistant infections (HARIs) worldwide. As such, we estimated trends in prevalence of HARIs caused by high priority pathogens (Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter spp., and Pseudomonas spp.) in 195 countries. Methods and findings: Resistance prevalence estimates were extracted from 474-point prevalence surveys (PPS) from 99 countries published between 2010 and 2020 coupled with country-level estimates of hospitalization rates and length of stay. Prevalence estimates were transformed in yearly incidence of HARIs per year by country and income group. We estimate the global number of HARIs per year to be 136 million (95% credible interval (CI) 26 to 246 million) per year, with the highest burden in China (52 million, 95% CI 10 to 95 million), Pakistan (10 million, 95% CI 2 to 18 million), and India (9 million, 95% CI 3 to 15 million). Among income groups, middle-income countries bore the highest burden of HARIs per year (119 million, 95% CI 23 to 215 million). Our analysis was constrained by the limited number of PPS for HARIs, lack of community-associated data on antibiotic-resistant infections, and our population level analysis. Conclusions: In this study, we observe, in the absence of systematic surveillance systems for HARIs, a baseline overview of their rates. Our yearly estimates highlight the global threat of HARIs and may help define strategies to tackle resistance in hospital settings.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Prevalence ; Incidence ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Cross Infection/drug therapy ; Cross Infection/epidemiology ; Escherichia coli ; Hospitals
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2185925-5
ISSN	1549-1676 ; 1549-1277
ISSN (online)	1549-1676
ISSN	1549-1277
DOI	10.1371/journal.pmed.1004178
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Article ; Online: Increase in antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli in food animals between 1980 and 2018 assessed using genomes from public databases.

Pires, João / Huisman, Jana S / Bonhoeffer, Sebastian / Van Boeckel, Thomas P

The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy

2021 Volume 77, Issue 3, Page(s) 646–655

Abstract: Background: Next-generation sequencing has considerably increased the number of genomes available in the public domain. However, efforts to use these genomes for surveillance of antimicrobial resistance have thus far been limited and geographically ... ...

Abstract	Background: Next-generation sequencing has considerably increased the number of genomes available in the public domain. However, efforts to use these genomes for surveillance of antimicrobial resistance have thus far been limited and geographically heterogeneous. We inferred global resistance trends in Escherichia coli in food animals using genomes from public databases. Methods: We retrieved 7632 E. coli genomes from public databases (NCBI, PATRIC and EnteroBase) and screened for antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) using ResFinder. Selection bias towards resistance, virulence or specific strains was accounted for by screening BioProject descriptions. Temporal trends for MDR, resistance to antimicrobial classes and ARG prevalence were inferred using generalized linear models for all genomes, including those not subjected to selection bias. Results: MDR increased by 1.6 times between 1980 and 2018, as genomes carried, on average, ARGs conferring resistance to 2.65 antimicrobials in swine, 2.22 in poultry and 1.58 in bovines. Highest resistance levels were observed for tetracyclines (42.2%-69.1%), penicillins (19.4%-47.5%) and streptomycin (28.6%-56.6%). Resistance trends were consistent after accounting for selection bias, although lower mean absolute resistance estimates were associated with genomes not subjected to selection bias (difference of 3.16%±3.58% across years, hosts and antimicrobial classes). We observed an increase in extended-spectrum cephalosporin ARG blaCMY-2 and a progressive substitution of tetB by tetA. Estimates of resistance prevalence inferred from genomes in the public domain were in good agreement with reports from systematic phenotypic surveillance. Conclusions: Our analysis illustrates the potential of using the growing volume of genomes in public databases to track AMR trends globally.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Cattle ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Escherichia coli Infections/epidemiology ; Escherichia coli Infections/veterinary ; Poultry ; Swine
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	191709-2
ISSN	1460-2091 ; 0305-7453
ISSN (online)	1460-2091
ISSN	0305-7453
DOI	10.1093/jac/dkab451
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Zs.A 1197: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: Multidrug Resistance Dynamics in Salmonella in Food Animals in the United States: An Analysis of Genomes from Public Databases.

Pires, João / Huisman, Jana S / Bonhoeffer, Sebastian / Van Boeckel, Thomas P

Microbiology spectrum

2021 Volume 9, Issue 2, Page(s) e0049521

Abstract: The number of bacterial genomes deposited each year in public databases is growing exponentially. However, efforts to use these genomes to track trends in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) have been limited thus far. We used 22,102 genomes from public ... ...

Abstract	The number of bacterial genomes deposited each year in public databases is growing exponentially. However, efforts to use these genomes to track trends in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) have been limited thus far. We used 22,102 genomes from public databases to track AMR trends in nontyphoidal Salmonella in food animals in the United States. In 2018, genomes deposited in public databases carried genes conferring resistance, on average, to 2.08 antimicrobial classes in poultry, 1.74 in bovines, and 1.28 in swine. This represents a decline in AMR of over 70% compared to the levels in 2000 in bovines and swine, and an increase of 13% for poultry. Trends in resistance inferred from genomic data showed good agreement with U.S. phenotypic surveillance data (weighted mean absolute difference ± standard deviation, 5.86% ± 8.11%). In 2018, resistance to 3rd-generation cephalosporins in bovines, swine, and poultry decreased to 9.97% on average, whereas in quinolones and 4th-generation cephalosporins, resistance increased to 12.53% and 3.87%, respectively. This was concomitant with a decrease of
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Cattle/microbiology ; Databases, Genetic ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Food Contamination/analysis ; Genome, Bacterial ; Humans ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Poultry/microbiology ; Salmonella/drug effects ; Salmonella/genetics ; Salmonella/isolation & purification ; Swine/microbiology ; United States
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2807133-5
ISSN	2165-0497 ; 2165-0497
ISSN (online)	2165-0497
ISSN	2165-0497
DOI	10.1128/Spectrum.00495-21
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