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Article ; Online: Protocol for postmortem bedside endoscopic procedure to sample human respiratory and olfactory cleft mucosa, olfactory bulbs, and frontal lobe.

Clijsters, Marnick / Khan, Mona / Backaert, Wout / Jorissen, Mark / Speleman, Kato / Van Bulck, Pauline / Van Den Bogaert, Wouter / Vandenbriele, Christophe / Mombaerts, Peter / Van Gerven, Laura

STAR protocols

2024 Volume 5, Issue 1, Page(s) 102831

Abstract: We present a protocol for the rapid postmortem bedside procurement of selected tissue samples using an endoscopic endonasal surgical technique that we adapted from skull base surgery. We describe steps for the postmortem collection of blood, ... ...

Abstract	We present a protocol for the rapid postmortem bedside procurement of selected tissue samples using an endoscopic endonasal surgical technique that we adapted from skull base surgery. We describe steps for the postmortem collection of blood, cerebrospinal fluid, a nasopharyngeal swab, and tissue samples; the clean-up procedure; and the initial processing and storage of the samples. This protocol was validated with tissue samples procured postmortem from COVID-19 patients and can be applied in another emerging infectious disease. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Khan et al. (2021)
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Plastic Surgery Procedures ; Skull Base/surgery ; Endoscopy/methods ; Olfactory Mucosa/surgery ; Frontal Lobe/surgery
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2666-1667
ISSN (online)	2666-1667
DOI	10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102831
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Article ; Online: Cell survival and DNA damage repair are promoted in the human blood thanatotranscriptome shortly after death.

Antiga, Laura G / Sibbens, Lode / Abakkouy, Yasmina / Decorte, Ronny / Van Den Bogaert, Wouter / Van de Voorde, Wim / Bekaert, Bram

Scientific reports

2021 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 16585

Abstract: RNA analysis of post-mortem tissues, or thanatotranscriptomics, has become a topic of interest in forensic science due to the essential information it can provide in forensic investigations. Several studies have previously investigated the effect of ... ...

Abstract	RNA analysis of post-mortem tissues, or thanatotranscriptomics, has become a topic of interest in forensic science due to the essential information it can provide in forensic investigations. Several studies have previously investigated the effect of death on gene transcription, but it has never been conducted with samples of the same individual. For the first time, a longitudinal mRNA expression analysis study was performed with post-mortem human blood samples from individuals with a known time of death. The results reveal that, after death, two clearly differentiated groups of up- and down-regulated genes can be detected. Pathway analysis suggests active processes that promote cell survival and DNA damage repair, rather than passive degradation, are the source of early post-mortem changes of gene expression in blood. In addition, a generalized linear model with an elastic net restriction predicted post-mortem interval with a root mean square error of 4.75 h. In conclusion, we demonstrate that post-mortem gene expression data can be used as biomarkers to estimate the post-mortem interval though further validation using independent sample sets is required before use in forensic casework.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cell Survival/genetics ; DNA Damage ; DNA Repair/genetics ; Female ; Forensic Medicine/methods ; Gene Expression ; Gene Ontology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Genetic ; Postmortem Changes ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger/blood ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Time Factors ; Transcriptome
Chemical Substances	RNA, Messenger
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-021-96095-z
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Article ; Online: Postmortem Analysis of Opioids and Metabolites in Skeletal Tissue.

Vandenbosch, Michiel / Pajk, Stane / Van Den Bogaert, Wouter / Wuestenbergs, Joke / Van de Voorde, Wim / Cuypers, Eva

Journal of analytical toxicology

2021 Volume 46, Issue 7, Page(s) 783–790

Abstract: Every year, thousands of suspicious deaths are accounted for by an overdose of opioids. Occasionally all traditional matrices are unavailable due to decomposition. Skeletal tissue may pose a valid alternative. However, reference data on postmortem ... ...

Abstract	Every year, thousands of suspicious deaths are accounted for by an overdose of opioids. Occasionally all traditional matrices are unavailable due to decomposition. Skeletal tissue may pose a valid alternative. However, reference data on postmortem concentrations in bone tissue and bone marrow (BM) is sparse. Therefore, a liquid chromatography--tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and fully validated for the analysis of four opioids and two metabolites (tramadol, O-desmethyltramadol, morphine, fentanyl, norfentanyl, codeine) in bone tissue and BM. Sample preparation was performed using solid phase extraction (BM), methanolic extraction (bone) and a protein precipitation (whole blood). All validation parameters were successfully fulfilled. This method was applied to analyze 22 forensic cases involving opioids. All six opioids were proven to be detectable and quantifiable in all specimens sampled. When tramadol blood concentrations were correlated with bone concentrations, a linear trend could be detected. The same was seen between tramadol blood and BM concentration. A similar linear trend was seen when correlating codeine blood concentration with bone and BM concentration. Although some variability was detected, the same linear trend was seen for morphine. For fentanyl and norfentanyl, the sample size was too small to draw conclusions, regarding correlation. As far as the authors know this is the first-time fentanyl and norfentanyl are quantified in skeletal tissue. In conclusion, due to the absence of reference data for drugs in skeletal tissue, these findings are a step forward toward a more thorough understanding of drug concentration found in postmortem skeletal tissue.
MeSH term(s)	Analgesics, Opioid ; Chromatography, Liquid/methods ; Codeine ; Fentanyl ; Morphine ; Tramadol
Chemical Substances	Analgesics, Opioid ; Tramadol (39J1LGJ30J) ; Morphine (76I7G6D29C) ; Fentanyl (UF599785JZ) ; Codeine (UX6OWY2V7J)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	752391-9
ISSN	1945-2403 ; 0146-4760
ISSN (online)	1945-2403
ISSN	0146-4760
DOI	10.1093/jat/bkab095
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Article: Skeletal tissue, a viable option in forensic toxicology? A view into post mortem cases

Vandenbosch, Michiel / Rooseleers, Lukas / Van Den Bogaert, Wouter / Wuestenbergs, Joke / Van de Voorde, Wim / Cuypers, Eva

Forensic science international. 2020 Apr., v. 309

2020

Abstract: Blood analysis is the golden standard in the field of forensic toxicology. However, when extended decomposition of the remains has occurred, alternative matrices are required. Skeletal tissue may provide an appropriate sample of choice since it is very ... ...

Abstract	Blood analysis is the golden standard in the field of forensic toxicology. However, when extended decomposition of the remains has occurred, alternative matrices are required. Skeletal tissue may provide an appropriate sample of choice since it is very resistant to putrefaction. However, today, the absence of reference data of drug concentrations in skeletal tissue poses a problem to meaningfully and reliably conduct toxicological testing on human skeletal material. The present study investigates the viability of skeletal tissue as an alternative matrix to evaluate xenobiotic consumption in legal cases. Blood, bone tissue and bone marrow of different forensic cases were screened for 415 compounds of forensic interest. Afterwards, methadone, clomipramine, citalopram and their respectively metabolites positive samples were quantified using fully validated methods. Sample preparation was carried out by SPE (whole blood and bone marrow), methanol extraction (bone sections) or protein precipitation (whole blood). All samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled to a triple quad mass spectrometer. Multiple drugs were successfully identified in all sampled matrices. In bone (marrow) not as many substances were detected as in blood but it poses a valid alternative when blood is not available. Especially bone marrow showed big potential with a concordance of 80.5% with blood. Clomipramine, citalopram and their metabolites were proven to be detectable and quantifiable in all specimens sampled. Bone marrow showed the highest concentrations followed by blood and bone tissue. When citalopram blood concentrations were correlated with the bone concentrations, a linear trend could be detected. The same was seen between blood and bone marrow for citalopram concentrations. Methadone was also proven to be detectable in all specimens sampled. However, its metabolites EMDP and EDPP were absent or below the LOD in some samples. Overall, methadone concentrations were higher in bone marrow than in bone. With exception of one case, blood concentrations were higher than bone concentrations. For methadone, a linear trend could be found between blood and bone concentration. Comparing methadone concentrations in blood and bone marrow an exponential trend could be seen. In conclusion, these findings show the potential forensic value of bone and bone marrow as an alternative matrix. Aside to that, a standard protocol for the sample collection and processing is proposed.
Keywords	blood ; bone marrow ; forensic sciences ; hematologic tests ; humans ; liquid chromatography ; metabolites ; methadone ; methanol ; spectrometers ; toxicity testing ; viability ; xenobiotics
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-04
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	424042-x
ISSN	1872-6283 ; 0379-0738
ISSN (online)	1872-6283
ISSN	0379-0738
DOI	10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110225
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Article ; Online: Metastases of primary mixed no-special type and lobular breast cancer display an exclusive lobular histology.

Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland)

2024 Volume 75, Page(s) 103732

Abstract: Primary tumors with a mixed invasive breast carcinoma of no-special type (IBC-NST) and invasive lobular cancer (ILC) histology are present in approximately five percent of all patients with breast cancer and are understudied at the metastatic level. Here, ...

Abstract	Primary tumors with a mixed invasive breast carcinoma of no-special type (IBC-NST) and invasive lobular cancer (ILC) histology are present in approximately five percent of all patients with breast cancer and are understudied at the metastatic level. Here, we characterized the histology of metastases from two patients with primary mixed IBC-NST/ILC from the postmortem tissue donation program UPTIDER (NCT04531696). The 14 and 43 metastatic lesions collected at autopsy had morphological features and E-cadherin staining patterns consistent with pure ILC. While our findings still require further validation, they may challenge current clinical practice and imaging modalities used in these patients.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-12
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1143210-x
ISSN	1532-3080 ; 0960-9776
ISSN (online)	1532-3080
ISSN	0960-9776
DOI	10.1016/j.breast.2024.103732
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Zs.A 3620: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: Skeletal tissue, a viable option in forensic toxicology? A view into post mortem cases.

Vandenbosch, Michiel / Rooseleers, Lukas / Van Den Bogaert, Wouter / Wuestenbergs, Joke / Van de Voorde, Wim / Cuypers, Eva

Forensic science international

2020 Volume 309, Page(s) 110225

Abstract	Blood analysis is the golden standard in the field of forensic toxicology. However, when extended decomposition of the remains has occurred, alternative matrices are required. Skeletal tissue may provide an appropriate sample of choice since it is very resistant to putrefaction. However, today, the absence of reference data of drug concentrations in skeletal tissue poses a problem to meaningfully and reliably conduct toxicological testing on human skeletal material. The present study investigates the viability of skeletal tissue as an alternative matrix to evaluate xenobiotic consumption in legal cases. Blood, bone tissue and bone marrow of different forensic cases were screened for 415 compounds of forensic interest. Afterwards, methadone, clomipramine, citalopram and their respectively metabolites positive samples were quantified using fully validated methods. Sample preparation was carried out by SPE (whole blood and bone marrow), methanol extraction (bone sections) or protein precipitation (whole blood). All samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled to a triple quad mass spectrometer. Multiple drugs were successfully identified in all sampled matrices. In bone (marrow) not as many substances were detected as in blood but it poses a valid alternative when blood is not available. Especially bone marrow showed big potential with a concordance of 80.5% with blood. Clomipramine, citalopram and their metabolites were proven to be detectable and quantifiable in all specimens sampled. Bone marrow showed the highest concentrations followed by blood and bone tissue. When citalopram blood concentrations were correlated with the bone concentrations, a linear trend could be detected. The same was seen between blood and bone marrow for citalopram concentrations. Methadone was also proven to be detectable in all specimens sampled. However, its metabolites EMDP and EDPP were absent or below the LOD in some samples. Overall, methadone concentrations were higher in bone marrow than in bone. With exception of one case, blood concentrations were higher than bone concentrations. For methadone, a linear trend could be found between blood and bone concentration. Comparing methadone concentrations in blood and bone marrow an exponential trend could be seen. In conclusion, these findings show the potential forensic value of bone and bone marrow as an alternative matrix. Aside to that, a standard protocol for the sample collection and processing is proposed.
MeSH term(s)	Analgesics, Opioid/chemistry ; Bone Marrow/chemistry ; Bone and Bones/chemistry ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Forensic Toxicology ; Humans ; Methadone/chemistry ; Postmortem Changes ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Chemical Substances	Analgesics, Opioid ; Methadone (UC6VBE7V1Z)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-29
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	424042-x
ISSN	1872-6283 ; 0379-0738
ISSN (online)	1872-6283
ISSN	0379-0738
DOI	10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110225
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Article ; Online: Intra-patient and inter-metastasis heterogeneity of HER2-low status in metastatic breast cancer.

European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990)

2023 Volume 188, Page(s) 152–160

Abstract: Introduction: Anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have shown important efficacy in HER2-low metastatic breast cancer (mBC). Criteria for receiving ADCs are based on a single assay on the primary tumour or a small metastatic biopsy. We assessed the ...

Abstract	Introduction: Anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have shown important efficacy in HER2-low metastatic breast cancer (mBC). Criteria for receiving ADCs are based on a single assay on the primary tumour or a small metastatic biopsy. We assessed the intra-patient inter-metastasis heterogeneity of HER2-low status in HER2-negative mBC. Patients and methods: We included samples of 10 patients (7 ER-positive and 3 ER-negative) donated in the context of our post-mortem tissue donation program UPTIDER. Excisional post-mortem biopsies of 257 metastases and 8 breast tumours underwent central HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC), alongside 41 pre-mortem primary or metastatic samples. They were classified as HER2-zero, HER2-low (HER2-1+ or HER2-2+, in situ hybridisation [ISH] negative) or HER2-positive (HER2-3+ or HER2-2+, ISH-positive) following ASCO/CAP guidelines 2018. HER2-zero was further subdivided into HER2-undetected (no staining) and HER2-ultralow (faint staining in ≤10% of tumour cells). Results: Median post-mortem interval was 2.5 h. In 8/10 patients, HER2-low and HER2-zero metastases co-existed, with the proportion of HER2-low lesions ranging from 5% to 89%. A total of 32% of metastases currently classified as HER2-zero were HER2-ultralow. Intra-organ inter-metastasis heterogeneity of HER2-scores was observed in the liver in 3/6 patients. Patients with primary ER-positive disease had a higher proportion of HER2-low metastases as compared to ER-negative disease (46% versus 8%, respectively). At the metastasis level, higher percentages of ER-expressing cells were observed in HER2-low or -ultralow as compared to HER2-undetected metastases. Conclusions: Important intra-patient inter-metastasis heterogeneity of HER2-low status exists. This questions the validity of HER2-low in its current form as a theranostic marker.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics ; Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis ; In Situ Hybridization ; Biopsy
Chemical Substances	Receptor, ErbB-2 (EC 2.7.10.1) ; Biomarkers, Tumor
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	82061-1
ISSN	1879-0852 ; 0277-5379 ; 0959-8049 ; 0964-1947
ISSN (online)	1879-0852
ISSN	0277-5379 ; 0959-8049 ; 0964-1947
DOI	10.1016/j.ejca.2023.04.026
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Zs.A 456: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: Medical Findings and Toxicological Analysis in Infant Death by Balloon Gas Asphyxia: A Case Report.

Cuypers, Eva / Rosier, Elien / Loix, Sara / Develter, Wim / Van Den Bogaert, Wouter / Wuestenbergs, Joke / Van de Voorde, Wim / Tytgat, Jan

Journal of analytical toxicology

2017 Volume 41, Issue 4, Page(s) 347–349

Abstract: In recent years, the increasing number of asphyxiation cases due to helium inhalation is remarkable. All described cases in the literature where diagnosed as suicide. In this article, however, we describe a triple infant homicide in which helium, as ... ...

Abstract	In recent years, the increasing number of asphyxiation cases due to helium inhalation is remarkable. All described cases in the literature where diagnosed as suicide. In this article, however, we describe a triple infant homicide in which helium, as balloon gas, was administered to three young children after sedation causing asphyxiation and death through the medical findings and toxicological analysis. During autopsy, in addition to standard toxicological samples, gas samples from lungs as well as lung tissue itself were directly collected into headspace vials. Besides routine toxicological analysis, which revealed toxic levels of doxylamine, qualitative analysis on gas and lung samples was performed using headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. As carrier gas, the commonly used helium was replaced by nitrogen. In gas samples from lungs of all three children, no helium was found. Nevertheless, lung tissue samples were found positive on helium. Therefore, sedation followed by asphyxia due to helium inhalation can strongly be assumed as the cause of death of all three children.
MeSH term(s)	Administration, Inhalation ; Asphyxia/diagnosis ; Autopsy ; Doxylamine/metabolism ; Doxylamine/toxicity ; Helium/metabolism ; Histamine H1 Antagonists/metabolism ; Histamine H1 Antagonists/toxicity ; Homicide ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Death
Chemical Substances	Histamine H1 Antagonists ; Helium (206GF3GB41) ; Doxylamine (95QB77JKPL)
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-05-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	752391-9
ISSN	1945-2403 ; 0146-4760
ISSN (online)	1945-2403
ISSN	0146-4760
DOI	10.1093/jat/bkx006
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Article ; Online: Research autopsy programmes in oncology: shared experience from 14 centres across the world.

Geukens, Tatjana / Maetens, Marion / Hooper, Jody E / Oesterreich, Steffi / Lee, Adrian V / Miller, Lori / Atkinson, Jenny M / Rosenzweig, Margaret / Puhalla, Shannon / Thorne, Heather / Devereux, Lisa / Bowtell, David / Loi, Sherene / Bacon, Eliza R / Ihle, Kena / Song, Mihae / Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Lorna / Welm, Alana L / Gauchay, Lisa /

Murali, Rajmohan / Chanda, Pharto / Karacay, Ali / Naceur-Lombardelli, Cristina / Bridger, Hayley / Swanton, Charles / Jamal-Hanjani, Mariam / Kollath, Lori / True, Lawrence / Morrissey, Colm / Chambers, Meagan / Chinnaiyan, Arul M / Wilson, Allecia / Mehra, Rohit / Reichert, Zachery / Carey, Lisa A / Perou, Charles M / Kelly, Erin / Maeda, Daichi / Goto, Akiteru / Kulka, Janina / Székely, Borbála / Szasz, A Marcell / Tőkés, Anna-Mária / Van Den Bogaert, Wouter / Floris, Giuseppe / Desmedt, Christine

The Journal of pathology

2024

Abstract: While there is a great clinical need to understand the biology of metastatic cancer in order to treat it more effectively, research is hampered by limited sample availability. Research autopsy programmes can crucially advance the field through ... ...

Abstract	While there is a great clinical need to understand the biology of metastatic cancer in order to treat it more effectively, research is hampered by limited sample availability. Research autopsy programmes can crucially advance the field through synchronous, extensive, and high-volume sample collection. However, it remains an underused strategy in translational research. Via an extensive questionnaire, we collected information on the study design, enrolment strategy, study conduct, sample and data management, and challenges and opportunities of research autopsy programmes in oncology worldwide. Fourteen programmes participated in this study. Eight programmes operated 24 h/7 days, resulting in a lower median postmortem interval (time between death and start of the autopsy, 4 h) compared with those operating during working hours (9 h). Most programmes (n = 10) succeeded in collecting all samples within a median of 12 h after death. A large number of tumour sites were sampled during each autopsy (median 15.5 per patient). The median number of samples collected per patient was 58, including different processing methods for tumour samples but also non-tumour tissues and liquid biopsies. Unique biological insights derived from these samples included metastatic progression, treatment resistance, disease heterogeneity, tumour dormancy, interactions with the tumour micro-environment, and tumour representation in liquid biopsies. Tumour patient-derived xenograft (PDX) or organoid (PDO) models were additionally established, allowing for drug discovery and treatment sensitivity assays. Apart from the opportunities and achievements, we also present the challenges related with postmortem sample collections and strategies to overcome them, based on the shared experience of these 14 programmes. Through this work, we hope to increase the transparency of postmortem tissue donation, to encourage and aid the creation of new programmes, and to foster collaborations on these unique sample collections. © 2024 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3119-7
ISSN	1096-9896 ; 0022-3417
ISSN (online)	1096-9896
ISSN	0022-3417
DOI	10.1002/path.6271
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Article: Rapid autopsies to enhance metastatic research: the UPTIDER post-mortem tissue donation program.

Geukens, Tatjana / De Schepper, Maxim / Van Den Bogaert, Wouter / Van Baelen, Karen / Maetens, Marion / Pabba, Anirudh / Mahdami, Amena / Leduc, Sophia / Isnaldi, Edoardo / Nguyen, Ha-Linh / Bachir, Imane / Hajipirloo, Maysam / Zels, Gitte / Van Cauwenberge, Josephine / Borremans, Kristien / Vandecaveye, Vincent / Weynand, Birgit / Vermeulen, Peter / Leucci, Eleonora /

Baietti, Maria Francesca / Sflomos, George / Battista, Laura / Brisken, Cathrin / Derksen, Patrick W B / Koorman, Thijs / Visser, Daan / Scheele, Colinda L G J / Thommen, Daniela S / Hatse, Sigrid / Fendt, Sarah-Maria / Vanderheyden, Evy / Van Brussel, Thomas / Schepers, Rogier / Boeckx, Bram / Lambrechts, Diether / Marano, Giuseppe / Biganzoli, Elia / Smeets, Ann / Nevelsteen, Ines / Punie, Kevin / Neven, Patrick / Wildiers, Hans / Richard, François / Floris, Giuseppe / Desmedt, Christine

NPJ breast cancer

2024 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 31

Abstract: Research on metastatic cancer has been hampered by limited sample availability. Here we present the breast cancer post-mortem tissue donation program UPTIDER and show how it enabled sampling of a median of 31 (range: 5-90) metastases and 5-8 liquids per ... ...

Abstract	Research on metastatic cancer has been hampered by limited sample availability. Here we present the breast cancer post-mortem tissue donation program UPTIDER and show how it enabled sampling of a median of 31 (range: 5-90) metastases and 5-8 liquids per patient from its first 20 patients. In a dedicated experiment, we show the mild impact of increasing time after death on RNA quality, transcriptional profiles and immunohistochemical staining in tumor tissue samples. We show that this impact can be counteracted by organ cooling. We successfully generated ex vivo models from tissue and liquid biopsies from distinct histological subtypes of breast cancer. We anticipate these and future findings of UPTIDER to elucidate mechanisms of disease progression and treatment resistance and to provide tools for the exploration of precision medicine strategies in the metastatic setting.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2374-4677
ISSN	2374-4677
DOI	10.1038/s41523-024-00637-3
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