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  1. Article ; Online: Emotion and cognition interactions in PTSD: a review of neurocognitive and neuroimaging studies.

    Hayes, Jasmeet P / Vanelzakker, Michael B / Shin, Lisa M

    Frontiers in integrative neuroscience

    2012  Volume 6, Page(s) 89

    Abstract: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric syndrome that develops after exposure to terrifying and life-threatening events including warfare, motor-vehicle accidents, and physical and sexual assault. The emotional experience of psychological ... ...

    Abstract Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric syndrome that develops after exposure to terrifying and life-threatening events including warfare, motor-vehicle accidents, and physical and sexual assault. The emotional experience of psychological trauma can have long-term cognitive effects. The hallmark symptoms of PTSD involve alterations to cognitive processes such as memory, attention, planning, and problem solving, underscoring the detrimental impact that negative emotionality has on cognitive functioning. As such, an important challenge for PTSD researchers and treatment providers is to understand the dynamic interplay between emotion and cognition. Contemporary cognitive models of PTSD theorize that a preponderance of information processing resources are allocated toward threat detection and interpretation of innocuous stimuli as threatening, narrowing one's attentional focus at the expense of other cognitive operations. Decades of research have shown support for these cognitive models of PTSD using a variety of tasks and methodological approaches. The primary goal of this review is to summarize the latest neurocognitive and neuroimaging research of emotion-cognition interactions in PTSD. To directly assess the influence of emotion on cognition and vice versa, the studies reviewed employed challenge tasks that included both cognitive and emotional components. The findings provide evidence for memory and attention deficits in PTSD that are often associated with changes in functional brain activity. The results are reviewed to provide future directions for research that may direct better and more effective treatments for PTSD.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-10-09
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2452962-X
    ISSN 1662-5145 ; 1662-5145
    ISSN (online) 1662-5145
    ISSN 1662-5145
    DOI 10.3389/fnint.2012.00089
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Neuroimaging predictors of treatment response in anxiety disorders.

    Shin, Lisa M / Davis, F Caroline / Vanelzakker, Michael B / Dahlgren, Mary K / Dubois, Stacey J

    Biology of mood & anxiety disorders

    2013  Volume 3, Issue 1, Page(s) 15

    Abstract: Although several psychological and pharmacological treatment options are available for anxiety disorders, not all patients respond well to each option. Furthermore, given the relatively long duration of adequate treatment trials, finding a good treatment ...

    Abstract Although several psychological and pharmacological treatment options are available for anxiety disorders, not all patients respond well to each option. Furthermore, given the relatively long duration of adequate treatment trials, finding a good treatment fit can take many months or longer. Thus, both clinicians and patients would benefit from the identification of objective pre-treatment measures that predict which patients will best respond to a given treatment. Recent studies have begun to use biological measures to help predict symptomatic change after treatment in anxiety disorders. In this review, we summarize studies that have used structural and functional neuroimaging measures to predict treatment response in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and social anxiety disorder (SAD). We note the limitations of the current studies and offer suggestions for future research. Although the literature is currently small, we conclude that pre-treatment neuroimaging measures do appear to predict treatment response in anxiety disorders, and future research will be needed to determine the relative predictive power of neuroimaging measures as compared to clinical and demographic measures.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-08-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2651986-0
    ISSN 2045-5380
    ISSN 2045-5380
    DOI 10.1186/2045-5380-3-15
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Influence of Pre-Training Predator Stress on the Expression of c-fos mRNA in the Hippocampus, Amygdala, and Striatum Following Long-Term Spatial Memory Retrieval.

    Vanelzakker, Michael B / Zoladz, Phillip R / Thompson, Vanessa M / Park, Collin R / Halonen, Joshua D / Spencer, Robert L / Diamond, David M

    Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience

    2011  Volume 5, Page(s) 30

    Abstract: We have studied the influence of pre-training psychological stress on the expression of c-fos mRNA following long-term spatial memory retrieval. Rats were trained to learn the location of a hidden escape platform in the radial-arm water maze, and then ... ...

    Abstract We have studied the influence of pre-training psychological stress on the expression of c-fos mRNA following long-term spatial memory retrieval. Rats were trained to learn the location of a hidden escape platform in the radial-arm water maze, and then their memory for the platform location was assessed 24 h later. Rat brains were extracted 30 min after the 24-h memory test trial for analysis of c-fos mRNA. Four groups were tested: (1) Rats given standard training (Standard); (2) Rats given cat exposure (Predator Stress) 30 min prior to training (Pre-Training Stress); (3) Rats given water exposure only (Water Yoked); and (4) Rats given no water exposure (Home Cage). The Standard trained group exhibited excellent 24 h memory which was accompanied by increased c-fos mRNA in the dorsal hippocampus and basolateral amygdala (BLA). The Water Yoked group exhibited no increase in c-fos mRNA in any brain region. Rats in the Pre-Training Stress group were classified into two subgroups: good and bad memory performers. Neither of the two Pre-Training Stress subgroups exhibited a significant change in c-fos mRNA expression in the dorsal hippocampus or BLA. Instead, stressed rats with good memory exhibited significantly greater c-fos mRNA expression in the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) compared to stressed rats with bad memory. This finding suggests that stressed rats with good memory used their DLS to generate a non-spatial (cue-based) strategy to learn and subsequently retrieve the memory of the platform location. Collectively, these findings provide evidence at a molecular level for the involvement of the hippocampus and BLA in the retrieval of spatial memory and contribute novel observations on the influence of pre-training stress in activating the DLS in response to long-term memory retrieval.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-06-24
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2452960-6
    ISSN 1662-5153 ; 1662-5153
    ISSN (online) 1662-5153
    ISSN 1662-5153
    DOI 10.3389/fnbeh.2011.00030
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Diminished rostral anterior cingulate cortex activation during trauma-unrelated emotional interference in PTSD.

    Offringa, Reid / Handwerger Brohawn, Kathryn / Staples, Lindsay K / Dubois, Stacey J / Hughes, Katherine C / Pfaff, Danielle L / Vanelzakker, Michael B / Davis, F Caroline / Shin, Lisa M

    Biology of mood & anxiety disorders

    2013  Volume 3, Issue 1, Page(s) 10

    Abstract: Background: Previous research suggests that individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) preferentially attend to trauma-related emotional stimuli and have difficulty completing unrelated concurrent tasks. Compared to trauma-exposed control ... ...

    Abstract Background: Previous research suggests that individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) preferentially attend to trauma-related emotional stimuli and have difficulty completing unrelated concurrent tasks. Compared to trauma-exposed control groups, individuals with PTSD also exhibit lower rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) activation during tasks involving interference from trauma-related stimuli. However, it is not clear whether relatively diminished rACC activation in PTSD also occurs during interference tasks involving trauma-unrelated emotional stimuli. The present study employed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and an interference task that involves emotional facial expressions and elicits rACC activation in healthy participants.
    Findings: While performing a trauma-unrelated emotional interference task, participants with PTSD (n=17) showed less rACC activation than trauma-exposed non-PTSD (TENP; n=18) participants. In the PTSD group, rACC activation was negatively correlated with the severity of re-experiencing symptoms. The two groups did not significantly differ on behavioral measures (i.e., response times and error rates).
    Conclusions: These findings suggest that relatively diminished rACC activation in PTSD can be observed in interference tasks involving trauma-unrelated emotional stimuli, indicating a more general functional brain abnormality in this disorder. Future neuroimaging studies need not employ trauma-related stimuli in order to detect rACC abnormalities in PTSD.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-05-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2651986-0
    ISSN 2045-5380
    ISSN 2045-5380
    DOI 10.1186/2045-5380-3-10
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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