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  1. Article ; Online: Big data in Earth science: Emerging practice and promise.

    Vance, Tiffany C / Huang, Thomas / Butler, Kevin A

    Science (New York, N.Y.)

    2024  Volume 383, Issue 6688, Page(s) eadh9607

    Abstract: Improvements in the number and resolution of Earth- and satellite-based sensors coupled with finer-resolution models have resulted in an explosion in the volume of Earth science data. This data-rich environment is changing the practice of Earth science, ... ...

    Abstract Improvements in the number and resolution of Earth- and satellite-based sensors coupled with finer-resolution models have resulted in an explosion in the volume of Earth science data. This data-rich environment is changing the practice of Earth science, extending it beyond discovery and applied science to new realms. This Review highlights recent big data applications in three subdisciplines-hydrology, oceanography, and atmospheric science. We illustrate how big data relate to contemporary challenges in science: replicability and reproducibility and the transition from raw data to information products. Big data provide unprecedented opportunities to enhance our understanding of Earth's complex patterns and interactions. The emergence of digital twins enables us to learn from the past, understand the current state, and improve the accuracy of future predictions.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 128410-1
    ISSN 1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
    ISSN (online) 1095-9203
    ISSN 0036-8075
    DOI 10.1126/science.adh9607
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Graphical methods and Cold War scientific practice: the Stommel Diagram's intriguing journey from the physical to the biological environmental sciences.

    Vance, Tiffany C / Doel, Ronald E

    Historical studies in the natural sciences

    2010  Volume 40, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–47

    Abstract: In the last quarter of the twentieth century, an innovative three-dimensional graphical technique was introduced into biological oceanography and ecology, where it spread rapidly. Used to improve scientists' understanding of the importance of scale ... ...

    Abstract In the last quarter of the twentieth century, an innovative three-dimensional graphical technique was introduced into biological oceanography and ecology, where it spread rapidly. Used to improve scientists' understanding of the importance of scale within oceanic ecosystems, this influential diagram addressed biological scales from phytoplankton to fish, physical scales from diurnal tides to ocean currents, and temporal scales from hours to ice ages. Yet the Stommel Diagram (named for physical oceanographer Henry Stommel, who created it in 1963) had not been devised to aid ecological investigations. Rather, Stommel intended it to help plan large-scale research programs in physical oceanography, particularly as Cold War research funding enabled a dramatic expansion of physical oceanography in the 1960s. Marine ecologists utilized the Stommel Diagram to enhance research on biological production in ocean environments, a key concern by the 1970s amid growing alarm about overfishing and ocean pollution. Before the end of the twentieth century, the diagram had become a significant tool within the discipline of ecology. Tracing the path that Stommel's graphical techniques traveled from the physical to the biological environmental sciences reveals a great deal about practices in these distinct research communities and their relative professional and institutional standings in the Cold War era. Crucial to appreciating the course of that path is an understanding of the divergent intellectual and social contexts of the physical versus the biological environmental sciences.
    MeSH term(s) Ecology/education ; Ecology/history ; Ecosystem ; Fisheries/history ; Government Agencies/economics ; Government Agencies/history ; Government Agencies/legislation & jurisprudence ; History, 20th Century ; Knowledge ; Marine Biology/education ; Marine Biology/history ; Marine Toxins/history ; Medical Laboratory Personnel/economics ; Medical Laboratory Personnel/education ; Medical Laboratory Personnel/history ; Medical Laboratory Personnel/psychology ; Oceanography/education ; Oceanography/history ; Research Personnel/economics ; Research Personnel/education ; Research Personnel/history ; Research Personnel/psychology ; Water Pollution/history
    Chemical Substances Marine Toxins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-01-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Historical Article ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2054170-3
    ISSN 1939-182X ; 1939-1811
    ISSN (online) 1939-182X
    ISSN 1939-1811
    DOI 10.1525/hsns.2010.40.1.1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: If you build it, will they come? Evolution towards the application of multi-dimensional GIS to fisheries-oceanography

    Vance, Tiffany C.

    Abstract: The development of new technologies in science is a balance between existenceand use. There are three versions of this duality – something is built and users come,something is built and users don’t come, and, finally, potential users show up but ... ...

    Abstract The development of new technologies in science is a balance between existenceand use. There are three versions of this duality – something is built and users come,something is built and users don’t come, and, finally, potential users show up but theballpark has not yet been built. In each instance there is a combination of three factors at work. The first is a scientific need for a type of data or analysis. The second is a technology or technique developed to meet the need; and the third is a perception that using the technology is somehow "better" that the existing tools and that the tool is easy to use. This work examines closely the development of a tool within oceanography – the Stommel diagram for displaying the time and space spectra of oceanographic phenomena – and the spread of the use of the diagram to other disciplines. The diagram was the product of a number of elements - the mind of a truly original oceanographer, the development of equipment able to collect the detailed temporal and spatial data used to create the plot, and the rise of "big oceanography", which led Stommel to argue graphically for taking care in the design of expeditions. Understanding the spread of the Stommel plot provides a viewpoint for examining the unexpectedly slow development of multi-dimensional geographic information systems (GIS). The development of GIS’s began in the 1970's. Data structures to hold multi-dimensional data have been developed, tools for multidimensional map algebra have been created, and test applications have been developed. The current non-development of multi-dimensional GIS is examined as a background for creating and disseminating GeoModeler, a prototype of scientific GIS able to ingest and display multi-dimensional data. Taking advantage of recent technicaldevelopments, we have created a scientific GIS that can display three-dimensionaloceanographic data. GeoModeler is used to visually explore and analyze the relationship between water temperature and larval walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) growth in Shelikof Strait, Alaska.
    Language en_us
    Document type Article
    Database AGRIS - International Information System for the Agricultural Sciences and Technology

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