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  1. Article ; Online: It's not all about flagella - sticky invasion by pathogenic spirochetes.

    Strnad, Martin / Koizumi, Nobuo / Nakamura, Shuichi / Vancová, Marie / Rego, Ryan O M

    Trends in parasitology

    2024  Volume 40, Issue 5, Page(s) 378–385

    Abstract: Pathogenic spirochetes cause a range of serious human diseases such as Lyme disease (LD), syphilis, leptospirosis, relapsing fever (RF), and periodontal disease. Motility is a critical virulence factor for spirochetes. From the mechanical perspective of ... ...

    Abstract Pathogenic spirochetes cause a range of serious human diseases such as Lyme disease (LD), syphilis, leptospirosis, relapsing fever (RF), and periodontal disease. Motility is a critical virulence factor for spirochetes. From the mechanical perspective of the infection, it has been widely believed that flagella are the sole key players governing the migration and dissemination of these pathogens in the host. Here, we highlight the important contribution of spirochetal surface-exposed adhesive molecules and their dynamic interactions with host molecules in the process of infection, specifically in spirochetal swimming and crawling migration. We believe that these recent findings overturn the prevailing view depicting the spirochetal body to be just an inert elastic bag, which does not affect spirochetal cell locomotion.
    MeSH term(s) Flagella/physiology ; Spirochaetales/physiology ; Spirochaetales/pathogenicity ; Humans ; Animals ; Spirochaetales Infections/microbiology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2036227-4
    ISSN 1471-5007 ; 1471-4922
    ISSN (online) 1471-5007
    ISSN 1471-4922
    DOI 10.1016/j.pt.2024.03.004
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Expression profiling and cellular localization of myxozoan minicollagens during nematocyst formation and sporogenesis

    Kyslík, Jiří / Vancová, Marie / Bartošová-Sojková, Pavla / Lövy, Alena / Holzer, Astrid S. / Fiala, Ivan

    International journal for parasitology. 2022 July 19,

    2022  

    Abstract: In free-living cnidarians, minicollagens are major structural components in the biogenesis of nematocysts. Recent sequence mining and proteomic analysis demonstrate that minicollagens are also expressed by myxozoans, a group of evolutionarily ancient ... ...

    Abstract In free-living cnidarians, minicollagens are major structural components in the biogenesis of nematocysts. Recent sequence mining and proteomic analysis demonstrate that minicollagens are also expressed by myxozoans, a group of evolutionarily ancient cnidarian endoparasites. Nonetheless, the presence and abundance of nematocyst-associated genes/proteins in nematocyst morphogenesis have never been studied in Myxozoa. Here, we report the gene expression profiles of three myxozoan minicollagens, ncol-1, ncol-3, and the recently identified noncanonical ncol-5, during the intrapiscine development of Myxidium lieberkuehni, the myxozoan parasite of the northern pike, Esox lucius. Moreover, we localized the myxozoan-specific minicollagen Ncol-5 in the developing myxosporean stages by Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunogold electron microscopy. We found that expression of minicollagens was spatiotemporally restricted to developing nematocysts within the myxospores during sporogenesis. Intriguingly, Ncol-5 is localized in the walls of nematocysts and predominantly in nematocyst tubules. Overall, we demonstrate that despite being significantly reduced in morphology, myxozoans retain structural components associated with nematocyst development in free-living cnidarians. Furthermore, our findings have practical implications for future functional and comparative studies as minicollagens are useful markers of the developmental phase of myxozoan parasites.
    Keywords Esox lucius ; Myxidium ; biogenesis ; electron microscopy ; endoparasites ; fluorescent antibody technique ; gene expression ; morphogenesis ; nematocysts ; parasitology ; proteomics ; sporulation
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0719
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note Pre-press version
    ZDB-ID 120518-3
    ISSN 1879-0135 ; 0020-7519
    ISSN (online) 1879-0135
    ISSN 0020-7519
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijpara.2022.07.002
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  3. Article ; Online: Expression profiling and cellular localization of myxozoan minicollagens during nematocyst formation and sporogenesis.

    Kyslík, Jiří / Vancová, Marie / Bartošová-Sojková, Pavla / Lövy, Alena / Holzer, Astrid S / Fiala, Ivan

    International journal for parasitology

    2022  Volume 52, Issue 10, Page(s) 667–675

    Abstract: In free-living cnidarians, minicollagens are major structural components in the biogenesis of nematocysts. Recent sequence mining and proteomic analysis demonstrate that minicollagens are also expressed by myxozoans, a group of evolutionarily ancient ... ...

    Abstract In free-living cnidarians, minicollagens are major structural components in the biogenesis of nematocysts. Recent sequence mining and proteomic analysis demonstrate that minicollagens are also expressed by myxozoans, a group of evolutionarily ancient cnidarian endoparasites. Nonetheless, the presence and abundance of nematocyst-associated genes/proteins in nematocyst morphogenesis have never been studied in Myxozoa. Here, we report the gene expression profiles of three myxozoan minicollagens, ncol-1, ncol-3, and the recently identified noncanonical ncol-5, during the intrapiscine development of Myxidium lieberkuehni, the myxozoan parasite of the northern pike, Esox lucius. Moreover, we localized the myxozoan-specific minicollagen Ncol-5 in the developing myxosporean stages by Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunogold electron microscopy. We found that expression of minicollagens was spatiotemporally restricted to developing nematocysts within the myxospores during sporogenesis. Intriguingly, Ncol-5 is localized in the walls of nematocysts and predominantly in nematocyst tubules. Overall, we demonstrate that despite being significantly reduced in morphology, myxozoans retain structural components associated with nematocyst development in free-living cnidarians. Furthermore, our findings have practical implications for future functional and comparative studies as minicollagens are useful markers of the developmental phase of myxozoan parasites.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Nematocyst ; Proteomics ; Collagen/chemistry ; Collagen/genetics ; Collagen/metabolism ; Cnidaria/genetics ; Cnidaria/anatomy & histology ; Myxozoa/genetics
    Chemical Substances Collagen (9007-34-5)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 120518-3
    ISSN 1879-0135 ; 0020-7519
    ISSN (online) 1879-0135
    ISSN 0020-7519
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijpara.2022.07.002
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Concurrent Infection of the Human Brain with Multiple

    Golovchenko, Maryna / Opelka, Jakub / Vancova, Marie / Sehadova, Hana / Kralikova, Veronika / Dobias, Martin / Raska, Milan / Krupka, Michal / Sloupenska, Kristyna / Rudenko, Natalie

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2023  Volume 24, Issue 23

    Abstract: Lyme disease (LD) spirochetes are well known to be able to disseminate into the tissues of infected hosts, including humans. The diverse strategies used by spirochetes to avoid the host immune system and persist in the host include active immune ... ...

    Abstract Lyme disease (LD) spirochetes are well known to be able to disseminate into the tissues of infected hosts, including humans. The diverse strategies used by spirochetes to avoid the host immune system and persist in the host include active immune suppression, induction of immune tolerance, phase and antigenic variation, intracellular seclusion, changing of morphological and physiological state in varying environments, formation of biofilms and persistent forms, and, importantly, incursion into immune-privileged sites such as the brain. Invasion of immune-privileged sites allows the spirochetes to not only escape from the host immune system but can also reduce the efficacy of antibiotic therapy. Here we present a case of the detection of spirochetal DNA in multiple loci in a LD patient's post-mortem brain. The presence of co-infection with
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Borrelia/genetics ; Borrelia burgdorferi/genetics ; Borrelia burgdorferi Group/genetics ; Brain ; Lyme Disease
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-29
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms242316906
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Metamorphoses of Lyme disease spirochetes: phenomenon of Borrelia persisters

    Rudenko, Natalie / Golovchenko, Maryna / Kybicova, Katerina / Vancova, Marie

    Parasites & vectors. 2019 Dec., v. 12, no. 1

    2019  

    Abstract: The survival of spirochetes from the Borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato) complex in a hostile environment is achieved by the regulation of differential gene expression in response to changes in temperature, salts, nutrient content, acidity fluctuation, ... ...

    Abstract The survival of spirochetes from the Borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato) complex in a hostile environment is achieved by the regulation of differential gene expression in response to changes in temperature, salts, nutrient content, acidity fluctuation, multiple host or vector dependent factors, and leads to the formation of dormant subpopulations of cells. From the other side, alterations in the level of gene expression in response to antibiotic pressure leads to the establishment of a persisters subpopulation. Both subpopulations represent the cells in different physiological states. “Dormancy” and “persistence” do share some similarities, e.g. both represent cells with low metabolic activity that can exist for extended periods without replication, both constitute populations with different gene expression profiles and both differ significantly from replicating forms of spirochetes. Persisters are elusive, present in low numbers, morphologically heterogeneous, multi-drug-tolerant cells that can change with the environment. The definition of “persisters” substituted the originally-used term “survivors”, referring to the small bacterial population of Staphylococcus that survived killing by penicillin. The phenomenon of persisters is present in almost all bacterial species; however, the reasons why Borrelia persisters form are poorly understood. Persisters can adopt varying sizes and shapes, changing from well-known forms to altered morphologies. They are capable of forming round bodies, L-form bacteria, microcolonies or biofilms-like aggregates, which remarkably change the response of Borrelia to hostile environments. Persisters remain viable despite aggressive antibiotic challenge and are able to reversibly convert into motile forms in a favorable growth environment. Persisters are present in significant numbers in biofilms, which has led to the explanation of biofilm tolerance to antibiotics. Considering that biofilms are associated with numerous chronic diseases through their resilient presence in the human body, it is not surprising that interest in persisting cells has consequently accelerated. Certain diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria (e.g. tuberculosis, syphilis or leprosy) are commonly chronic in nature and often recur despite antibiotic treatment. Three decades of basic and clinical research have not yet provided a definite answer to the question: is there a connection between persisting spirochetes and recurrence of Lyme disease in patients?
    Keywords Borrelia burgdorferi ; Lyme disease ; Staphylococcus ; acidity ; bacteria ; biochemical pathways ; biofilm ; biomedical research ; chronic diseases ; gene expression regulation ; humans ; leprosy ; nutrient content ; patients ; salts ; taxonomy ; temperature ; tuberculosis ; virulent strains
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-12
    Size p. 237.
    Publishing place BioMed Central
    Document type Article
    Note Review
    ZDB-ID 2409480-8
    ISSN 1756-3305
    ISSN 1756-3305
    DOI 10.1186/s13071-019-3495-7
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  6. Article: Self-Patterning Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films: Influence of Deposition Steps and Drying in a Vacuum

    Azinfar, Amir / Neuber, Sven / Vancova, Marie / Sterba, Jan / Stranak, Vitezslav / Helm, Christiane A.

    Langmuir. 2021 Aug. 26, v. 37, no. 35

    2021  

    Abstract: Typically, laterally patterned films are fabricated by lithographic techniques, external fields, or di-block copolymer self-assembly. We investigate the self-patterning of polyelectrolyte multilayers, poly(diallyldimethylammonium) (PDADMA)/poly( ... ...

    Abstract Typically, laterally patterned films are fabricated by lithographic techniques, external fields, or di-block copolymer self-assembly. We investigate the self-patterning of polyelectrolyte multilayers, poly(diallyldimethylammonium) (PDADMA)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS)ₛₕₒᵣₜ. The low PSS molecular weight (Mw(PSSₛₕₒᵣₜ) = 10.7 kDa) is necessary because PSSₛₕₒᵣₜ is somewhat mobile within a PDADMA/PSSₛₕₒᵣₜ film, as demonstrated by the exponential growth regime at the beginning of the PDADMA/PSSₛₕₒᵣₜ multilayer build-up. No self-patterning was observed when the PDADMA/PSS film consisted of only immobile polyelectrolytes. Atomic force microscopy images show that self-patterning begins when the film consists of seven deposited PDADMA/PSSₛₕₒᵣₜ bilayers. When more bilayers are added, the surface ribbing evolved into bands, and circular domains were finally observed. The mean distance between the surface structures increased monotonously with the film thickness, from 70 to 250 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that exposure to vacuum resulted in thinning of the film and an increase in the mean distance between domains. The effect is weaker for PSSₛₕₒᵣₜ-terminated films than for PDADMA-terminated films. The mechanism leading to domain formation during film build-up and the effect of post-preparation treatment are discussed.
    Keywords atomic force microscopy ; composite polymers ; electrolytes ; molecular weight
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-0826
    Size p. 10490-10498.
    Publishing place American Chemical Society
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2005937-1
    ISSN 1520-5827 ; 0743-7463
    ISSN (online) 1520-5827
    ISSN 0743-7463
    DOI 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01409
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  7. Article ; Online: Dual SIFamide receptors in Ixodes salivary glands

    Guerrib, Fetta / Ning, Caina / Mateos-Hernandéz, Lourdes / Rakotobe, Sabine / Park, Yoonseong / Hajdusek, Ondrej / Perner, Jan / Vancová, Marie / Valdes, James J. / Šimo, Ladislav

    Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 2023 May 29, p.103963-

    2023  , Page(s) 103963–

    Abstract: Salivary glands are vital to tick feeding success and also play a crucial role in tick-borne pathogen transmission. In previous studies of Ixodes scapularis salivary glands, we demonstrated that saliva-producing type II and III acini are innervated by ... ...

    Abstract Salivary glands are vital to tick feeding success and also play a crucial role in tick-borne pathogen transmission. In previous studies of Ixodes scapularis salivary glands, we demonstrated that saliva-producing type II and III acini are innervated by neuropeptidergic axons which release different classes of neuropeptides via their terminals (Šimo et al., 2009b, 2013). Among these, the neuropeptide SIFamide-along with its cognate receptor-were postulated to control the basally located acinar valve via basal epithelial and myoepithelial cells (Vancová et al., 2019). Here, we functionally characterized a second SIFamide receptor (SIFa_R2) from the I. scapularis genome and proved that it senses a low nanomolar level of its corresponding ligand. Insect SIFamide paralogs, SMYamides, also activated the receptor but less effectively compared to SIFamide. Bioinformatic and molecular dynamic analyses suggested that I. scapularis SIFamide receptors are class A GPCRs where the peptide amidated carboxy-terminus is oriented within the receptor binding cavity. The receptor was found to be expressed in Ixodes ricinus salivary glands, synganglia, midguts, trachea, and ovaries, but not in Malpighian tubules. Investigation of the temporal expression patterns suggests that the receptor transcript is highly expressed in unfed I. ricinus female salivary glands and then decreases during feeding. In synganglia, a significant transcript increase was detected in replete ticks. In salivary gland acini, an antibody targeting the second SIFamide receptor recognized basal epithelial cells, myoepithelial cells, and basal granular cells in close proximity to the SIFamide-releasing axon terminals. Immunoreactivity was also detected in specific neurons distributed throughout various I. ricinus synganglion locations. The current findings, alongside previous reports from our group, indicate that the neuropeptide SIFamide acts via two different receptors that regulate distinct or common cell types in the basal region of type II and III acini in I. ricinus salivary glands. The current study investigates the peptidergic regulation of the I. ricinus salivary gland in detail, emphasizing the complexity of this system.
    Keywords Ixodes ricinus ; Ixodes scapularis ; antibodies ; axons ; bioinformatics ; disease transmission ; epithelium ; females ; genome ; immune response ; insect biochemistry ; insects ; ligands ; molecular biology ; neuropeptides ; salivary glands ; SIFamide ; SIFamide receptors ; Ticks ; Salivary gland acini ; Synganglion
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-0529
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note Pre-press version ; Use and reproduction
    ZDB-ID 1483248-3
    ISSN 1879-0240 ; 0965-1748
    ISSN (online) 1879-0240
    ISSN 0965-1748
    DOI 10.1016/j.ibmb.2023.103963
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  8. Article ; Online: Metamorphoses of Lyme disease spirochetes: phenomenon of Borrelia persisters.

    Rudenko, Natalie / Golovchenko, Maryna / Kybicova, Katerina / Vancova, Marie

    Parasites & vectors

    2019  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 237

    Abstract: The survival of spirochetes from the Borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato) complex in a hostile environment is achieved by the regulation of differential gene expression in response to changes in temperature, salts, nutrient content, acidity fluctuation, ... ...

    Abstract The survival of spirochetes from the Borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato) complex in a hostile environment is achieved by the regulation of differential gene expression in response to changes in temperature, salts, nutrient content, acidity fluctuation, multiple host or vector dependent factors, and leads to the formation of dormant subpopulations of cells. From the other side, alterations in the level of gene expression in response to antibiotic pressure leads to the establishment of a persisters subpopulation. Both subpopulations represent the cells in different physiological states. "Dormancy" and "persistence" do share some similarities, e.g. both represent cells with low metabolic activity that can exist for extended periods without replication, both constitute populations with different gene expression profiles and both differ significantly from replicating forms of spirochetes. Persisters are elusive, present in low numbers, morphologically heterogeneous, multi-drug-tolerant cells that can change with the environment. The definition of "persisters" substituted the originally-used term "survivors", referring to the small bacterial population of Staphylococcus that survived killing by penicillin. The phenomenon of persisters is present in almost all bacterial species; however, the reasons why Borrelia persisters form are poorly understood. Persisters can adopt varying sizes and shapes, changing from well-known forms to altered morphologies. They are capable of forming round bodies, L-form bacteria, microcolonies or biofilms-like aggregates, which remarkably change the response of Borrelia to hostile environments. Persisters remain viable despite aggressive antibiotic challenge and are able to reversibly convert into motile forms in a favorable growth environment. Persisters are present in significant numbers in biofilms, which has led to the explanation of biofilm tolerance to antibiotics. Considering that biofilms are associated with numerous chronic diseases through their resilient presence in the human body, it is not surprising that interest in persisting cells has consequently accelerated. Certain diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria (e.g. tuberculosis, syphilis or leprosy) are commonly chronic in nature and often recur despite antibiotic treatment. Three decades of basic and clinical research have not yet provided a definite answer to the question: is there a connection between persisting spirochetes and recurrence of Lyme disease in patients?
    MeSH term(s) Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Biofilms/growth & development ; Borrelia burgdorferi Group/drug effects ; Borrelia burgdorferi Group/physiology ; Humans ; Lyme Disease/microbiology ; Microbial Viability/drug effects ; Recurrence
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-05-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2409480-8
    ISSN 1756-3305 ; 1756-3305
    ISSN (online) 1756-3305
    ISSN 1756-3305
    DOI 10.1186/s13071-019-3495-7
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  9. Article ; Online: Returning to the Fold for Lessons in Mitochondrial Crista Diversity and Evolution.

    Pánek, Tomáš / Eliáš, Marek / Vancová, Marie / Lukeš, Julius / Hashimi, Hassan

    Current biology : CB

    2020  Volume 30, Issue 10, Page(s) R575–R588

    Abstract: Cristae are infoldings of the mitochondrial inner membrane jutting into the organelle's innermost compartment from narrow stems at their base called crista junctions. They are emblematic of aerobic mitochondria, being the fabric for the molecular ... ...

    Abstract Cristae are infoldings of the mitochondrial inner membrane jutting into the organelle's innermost compartment from narrow stems at their base called crista junctions. They are emblematic of aerobic mitochondria, being the fabric for the molecular machinery driving cellular respiration. Electron microscopy revealed that diverse eukaryotes possess cristae of different shapes. Yet, crista diversity has not been systematically examined in light of our current knowledge about eukaryotic evolution. Since crista form and function are intricately linked, we take a holistic view of factors that may underlie both crista diversity and the adherence of cristae to a recognizable form. Based on electron micrographs of 226 species from all major lineages, we propose a rational crista classification system that postulates cristae as variations of two general morphotypes: flat and tubulo-vesicular. The latter is most prevalent and likely ancestral, but both morphotypes are found interspersed throughout the eukaryotic tree. In contrast, crista junctions are remarkably conserved, supporting their proposed role as diffusion barriers that sequester cristae contents. Since cardiolipin, ATP synthase dimers, the MICOS complex, and dynamin-like Opa1/Mgm1 are known to be involved in shaping cristae, we examined their variation in the context of crista diversity. Moreover, we have identified both commonalities and differences that may collectively be manifested as diverse variations of crista form and function.
    MeSH term(s) Biodiversity ; Biological Evolution ; Eukaryota ; Mitochondria/ultrastructure ; Mitochondrial Membranes/metabolism ; Mitochondrial Membranes/ultrastructure ; Species Specificity
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1071731-6
    ISSN 1879-0445 ; 0960-9822
    ISSN (online) 1879-0445
    ISSN 0960-9822
    DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2020.02.053
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Self-Patterning Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films: Influence of Deposition Steps and Drying in a Vacuum.

    Azinfar, Amir / Neuber, Sven / Vancova, Marie / Sterba, Jan / Stranak, Vitezslav / Helm, Christiane A

    Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids

    2021  Volume 37, Issue 35, Page(s) 10490–10498

    Abstract: Typically, laterally patterned films are fabricated by lithographic techniques, external fields, or di-block copolymer self-assembly. We investigate the self-patterning of polyelectrolyte multilayers, poly(diallyldimethylammonium) (PDADMA)/poly( ... ...

    Abstract Typically, laterally patterned films are fabricated by lithographic techniques, external fields, or di-block copolymer self-assembly. We investigate the self-patterning of polyelectrolyte multilayers, poly(diallyldimethylammonium) (PDADMA)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2005937-1
    ISSN 1520-5827 ; 0743-7463
    ISSN (online) 1520-5827
    ISSN 0743-7463
    DOI 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01409
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