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  1. Article ; Online: Does size matter? Modelling the cooling effect of green infrastructures in a megacity during a heat wave.

    Varentsov, Mikhail / Vasenev, Viacheslav / Dvornikov, Yury / Samsonov, Timofey / Klimanova, Oksana

    The Science of the total environment

    2023  Volume 902, Page(s) 165966

    Abstract: The vulnerability of urban ecosystems to global climate change becomes a key issue in research and political agendas. Urban green infrastructures (UGIs) are widely considered as a nature-based solution to mitigate climate change and adapt to local urban ... ...

    Abstract The vulnerability of urban ecosystems to global climate change becomes a key issue in research and political agendas. Urban green infrastructures (UGIs) are widely considered as a nature-based solution to mitigate climate change and adapt to local urban climate anomalies in cities. However, UGI-induced cooling effect depends on the size, location and geometry of green spaces, and such dependencies remain overlooked. This research aimed to investigate the cooling effect of UGIs of different size under extreme conditions of 2021 summer heat wave for the case of Moscow megacity (Russia) using a numerical mesoclimatic model COSMO. UGIs objects were assigned to one of the four size categories (S, M, L and XL) based on their area. Their cooling effects at the local, non-local and city scales were evaluated based on comparison between the model outcomes for the realistic land cover and simulations for which UGI of a particular size category were replaced by the built-up areas typical for their surroundings. The highest cooling effect was observed for XL size UGIs, which reduced the local heat-wave-averaged air temperatures by up to 3.4 °C, whereas for the S size UGIs it did not exceed 2 °C. The cooling effectiveness for XL category was higher than for S category by 23 % inside the green spaces (locally), by 40-90 % in the buffer zones around the green space (non-locally) and by 35 % for the whole city. More effective cooling of large UGIs is partially explained by their stronger park breeze effect, i.e., impact on the airflow increasing the divergence over green spaces. However, when standardized to the population affected by cooling, the M size UGIs made the strongest contribution to the thermal environment where people live and work. The stronger non-local cooling induced by the largest UGI objects cannot compensate for their remoteness from the built environment.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-04
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 121506-1
    ISSN 1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
    ISSN (online) 1879-1026
    ISSN 0048-9697
    DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165966
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  2. Article ; Online: Optimal spectral index and threshold applied to Sentinel-2 data for extracting impervious surface

    Dvornikov, Yury / Grigorieva, Valentina / Varentsov, Mikhail / Vasenev, Viacheslav

    International Journal of applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation

    Verification across latitudes, growing seasons, approaches, and comparison to global datasets

    2023  Volume 123

    Abstract: Many spectral indices have recently been developed for accurate extraction of impervious surfaces. Moreover, there are several 10-m global datasets available containing urban/impervious land cover class claiming to be of high accuracy. Up to date, there ... ...

    Abstract Many spectral indices have recently been developed for accurate extraction of impervious surfaces. Moreover, there are several 10-m global datasets available containing urban/impervious land cover class claiming to be of high accuracy. Up to date, there was no detailed analysis on the influence of easy-to-calculate spectral index and threshold on the final accuracy at large scale applied to Sentinel-2 scenes. Furthermore, the impact of growing season and the land-use type is unclear and the available global datasets must be validated in terms of their applicability for the accurate extraction of impervious surface for urban ecological applications. We show that the highest accuracy can be obtained by applying mNDVI and UCI thresholds (0.41 and −0.49 respectively) for summer median composites of Sentinel-2A/B acquisitions (highest R2>0.82 and lowest RMSE<10%) if validated against true imperviousness on the areal basis. In cases, where the number of cloud-free scenes is insufficient, an established growing season shall be used. Small artificial patches possess the highest uncertainty at this resolution, but not exceeding 20%. Spectral unmixing applied to pixels extracted using the thresholds do not significantly improve the overall estimates. Only ESA Worldcover 10-m demonstrated the comparable R2 and RMSE metrics among global datasets. Moreover, compared global datasets showed significant differences (up to tens of %) between the impervious surface estimates for selected ten cities, that highlights further evaluations of these data. Our results can successfully be implemented for mapping annual and even seasonal dynamics of imperviousness within the urban environment.
    Keywords Global datasets ; Imperviousness ; Latitudinal transect ; Spectral transformation ; Spectral unmixing ; Urban environment
    Subject code 333
    Language English
    Publishing country nl
    Document type Article ; Online
    ISSN 1569-8432
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Evaluation of outdoor thermal comfort conditions in northern Russia over 30-year period

    Konstantinov Pavel / Shartova Natalia / Varentsov Mikhail / Revich Boris

    Geographica Pannonica, Vol 24, Iss 4, Pp 252-

    Arkhangelsk region

    2020  Volume 260

    Abstract: The aim of the current paper is to evaluate spatial and temporal characteristics of the distribution of bioclimatic comfort within the Arkhangelsk region (Russian Federation) with two modern indices of thermal comfort: PET and UTCI. Its average values ... ...

    Abstract The aim of the current paper is to evaluate spatial and temporal characteristics of the distribution of bioclimatic comfort within the Arkhangelsk region (Russian Federation) with two modern indices of thermal comfort: PET and UTCI. Its average values calculated for the modern climatic period (1981-2010) in the monthly mean give a clear picture of spatial heterogeneity for the warmest month (July) and for the coldest one (January). The spatial picture of both indices in July allows us to distinguish three large internal regions: the Arkhangelsk province, the continental part of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug (NAO) and Novaya Zemlya islands (NZ). Winter distribution of thermal discomfort is fundamentally different: the coldest regions (with extreme cold stress) are equally NZ and the Eastern half of NAO; intermediate position is occupied by the West of the NAO and the extreme northeast of the Arkhangelsk region, the highest winter UTCI values are observed in the rest of the region. In Archangelsk-city extreme cold stress in January has repeatability 6.7%, in February-4%, in December-2.2%, respectively. The average number of time points during the year at which thermal stress is not observed is only 19%. Obtained results will be the basis for planning relevant health measures and providing reliable forecasts of the effects of climate change in the Arctic region.
    Keywords pet ; utci ; thermal comfort ; arctic region ; climate change ; Geography (General) ; G1-922
    Subject code 910
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher University of Novi Sad, Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Does size matter? Modelling the cooling effect of green infrastructures in a megacity during a heat wave

    Varentsov, Mikhail / Vasenev, Viacheslav / Dvornikov, Yury / Samsonov, Timofey / Klimanova, Oksana

    Science of the Total Environment

    2023  Volume 902

    Abstract: The vulnerability of urban ecosystems to global climate change becomes a key issue in research and political agendas. Urban green infrastructures (UGIs) are widely considered as a nature-based solution to mitigate climate change and adapt to local urban ... ...

    Abstract The vulnerability of urban ecosystems to global climate change becomes a key issue in research and political agendas. Urban green infrastructures (UGIs) are widely considered as a nature-based solution to mitigate climate change and adapt to local urban climate anomalies in cities. However, UGI-induced cooling effect depends on the size, location and geometry of green spaces, and such dependencies remain overlooked. This research aimed to investigate the cooling effect of UGIs of different size under extreme conditions of 2021 summer heat wave for the case of Moscow megacity (Russia) using a numerical mesoclimatic model COSMO. UGIs objects were assigned to one of the four size categories (S, M, L and XL) based on their area. Their cooling effects at the local, non-local and city scales were evaluated based on comparison between the model outcomes for the realistic land cover and simulations for which UGI of a particular size category were replaced by the built-up areas typical for their surroundings. The highest cooling effect was observed for XL size UGIs, which reduced the local heat-wave-averaged air temperatures by up to 3.4 °C, whereas for the S size UGIs it did not exceed 2 °C. The cooling effectiveness for XL category was higher than for S category by 23 % inside the green spaces (locally), by 40–90 % in the buffer zones around the green space (non-locally) and by 35 % for the whole city. More effective cooling of large UGIs is partially explained by their stronger park breeze effect, i.e., impact on the airflow increasing the divergence over green spaces. However, when standardized to the population affected by cooling, the M size UGIs made the strongest contribution to the thermal environment where people live and work. The stronger non-local cooling induced by the largest UGI objects cannot compensate for their remoteness from the built environment.
    Keywords COSMO ; Heat mitigation ; Mesoscale modelling ; Moscow ; Urban heat island ; Urban parks
    Subject code 710
    Language English
    Publishing country nl
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 121506-1
    ISSN 1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
    ISSN (online) 1879-1026
    ISSN 0048-9697
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Effects of Climate Change and Heterogeneity of Local Climates оn the Development of Malaria Parasite (

    Mironova, Varvara / Shartova, Natalia / Beljaev, Andrei / Varentsov, Mikhail / Grishchenko, Mikhail

    International journal of environmental research and public health

    2019  Volume 16, Issue 5

    Abstract: The article presents the results of a spatio-temporal analysis of the changes of the favorability of climatic conditions for the transmission of vivax malaria in the Moscow megacity and its surroundings during the period from 1977 to 2016. Using the ... ...

    Abstract The article presents the results of a spatio-temporal analysis of the changes of the favorability of climatic conditions for the transmission of vivax malaria in the Moscow megacity and its surroundings during the period from 1977 to 2016. Using the historical temperature records at urban and rural weather stations, we calculated the key indicators of climate favorability for malaria transmission,
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Climate ; Climate Change ; Humans ; Malaria, Vivax/epidemiology ; Malaria, Vivax/transmission ; Moscow/epidemiology ; Plasmodium vivax/growth & development ; Seasons ; Temperature ; Urbanization
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-02-26
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1660-4601
    ISSN (online) 1660-4601
    DOI 10.3390/ijerph16050694
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Cyclic and linear trajectories of ecosystem evolution on sand dunes in Siberian taiga: A comprehensive analysis.

    Soromotin, Andrei V / Lanza, Guy R / Sizov, Oleg S / Lobotrosova, Svetlana A / Abakumov, Evgeny V / Zverev, Alexey O / Yakimov, Artem S / Konstantinov, Alexandr O / Kurasova, Alina O / Prihod'ko, Nikolay V / Salavatulin, Vladimir M / Varentsov, Mikhail I / Alharbi, Sulaiman Almwarai / Alotaibi, Khaled D / Kuzyakov, Yakov

    The Science of the total environment

    2024  Volume 928, Page(s) 172265

    Abstract: Extensive unforested sandy areas on the margins of floodplains and riverbeds, formed by dunes, barchans, and accumulation berms, are a ubiquitous feature across northern Eurasia and Alaska. These dynamic landscapes, which bear witness to the complex ... ...

    Abstract Extensive unforested sandy areas on the margins of floodplains and riverbeds, formed by dunes, barchans, and accumulation berms, are a ubiquitous feature across northern Eurasia and Alaska. These dynamic landscapes, which bear witness to the complex Holocene and modern climatic fluctuations, provide a unique opportunity to study ecosystem evolution. Within this heterogeneous assemblage, active dunes, characterized by their very sparse plant communities, contrast sharply with the surrounding taiga (boreal) forests common for the stabilized dunes. This juxtaposition makes these regions to natural laboratories to study vegetation succession and soil development. Through a comprehensive analysis of climate, geomorphology, vegetation, soil properties, and microbiome composition, we elucidate the intricacies of cyclic and linear ecosystem evolution within a representative sandy area located along the lower Nadym River in Siberia, approximately 100 km south of the Arctic Circle. The shift in the Holocene wind regime and the slow development of vegetation under harsh climatic conditions promoted cyclical ecosystem dynamics that precluded the attainment of a steady state. This cyclical trajectory is exemplified by Arenosols, characterized by extremely sparse vegetation and undifferentiated horizons. Conversely, accelerated vegetation growth within wind-protected enclaves on marginally stabilized soils facilitated sand stabilization and subsequent pedogenesis towards Podzols. Based on soil acidification due to litter input (mainly needles, lichens, and mosses) and the succession of microbial communities, we investigated constraints on carbon and nutrient availability during the initial stages of pedogenesis. In summary, the comprehensive study of initial ecosystem development on sand dunes within taiga forests has facilitated the elucidation of both common phases and spatiotemporal dynamics of vegetation and soil succession. This analysis has further clarified the existence of both cyclic and linear trajectories within the successional processes of ecosystem evolution.
    MeSH term(s) Siberia ; Ecosystem ; Soil/chemistry ; Taiga ; Sand ; Environmental Monitoring ; Microbiota ; Soil Microbiology
    Chemical Substances Soil ; Sand
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-16
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 121506-1
    ISSN 1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
    ISSN (online) 1879-1026
    ISSN 0048-9697
    DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172265
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  7. Article: Spatial structure and temporal variability of a surface urban heat island in cold continental climate

    Esau, Igor / Konstantinov, Pavel / Melnikov, Vladimir / Miles, Victoria / Varentsov, Mikhail

    Theoretical and applied climatology. 2019 Aug., v. 137, no. 3-4

    2019  

    Abstract: Warm urban climate anomalies are a challenging problem for city’s economy and ecology. This problem is even more pressing in boreal environment with its sensitive ecosystems and considerable anthropogenic urban heat flux. The boreal regions of Eurasia ... ...

    Abstract Warm urban climate anomalies are a challenging problem for city’s economy and ecology. This problem is even more pressing in boreal environment with its sensitive ecosystems and considerable anthropogenic urban heat flux. The boreal regions of Eurasia witness both rapid urbanization and accelerated regional warming in the twenty-first century. Still, local climate of boreal cities is only fragmentary studied. There were no studies addressing spatial and temporal variability of urban temperature anomalies in Eurasian cities with cold continental climate. There were many indirect reports indicating large temperature anomalies and longer growing season in boreal cities. This study considered a land surface temperature (LST) anomaly, frequently referred to as a surface urban heat island (SUHI), in a typical young mid-size boreal city of Nefteyugansk. This city exemplifies urban planning and energy use patterns of a pleiad of cities in this oil and gas region of northern West Siberia. The study is based on LST products from the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS) onboard of the Terra and Aqua satellite platforms. The MODIS data for 14 years (2001–2015) were processed to reveal geographical extent and diurnal variations of the SUHI in summer (June, July, August) and winter (December, January, February) seasons. The study found that the mean annual SUHI has higher LST than the surrounding natural background by + 2.4 K. Considering the meridional temperature gradient in this region, such a strong SUHI makes the urban climate similar to climate found 600 km south of the city. The diurnal mean summer (+ 2.1 K) and winter (+ 2.4 K) SUHI intensities are rather similar in Nefteyugansk. The daytime (+ 2.1 K) and nighttime (+ 2.5 K) SUHI intensities are also similar in wintertime. In summertime, however, the daytime SUHI intensity (+ 3.3 K) is significantly larger than that in nighttime (+ 1.0 K). There is also larger interannual variability of the SUHI in the summer season, especially in nighttime. The SUHI statistics in Nefteyugansk discerns this cold continental city from previously studied cities in the temperate climate zone. Heating of apartment and industrial buildings maintains a large anthropogenic heat flux in the city (estimated to be on average of 15–20 W m−2) and therefore supports the persistent winter SUHI. Weak turbulent mixing in the stably stratified lower atmosphere traps the heat in the urbanized area. This study found that the SUHI footprint in Nefteyugansk is considerably (two to three times) larger than the area of the city proper itself.
    Keywords buildings ; cities ; cold ; diurnal variation ; Earth atmosphere ; ecosystems ; energy ; growing season ; heat island ; heat transfer ; image analysis ; mixing ; moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer ; oils ; satellites ; statistics ; summer ; surface temperature ; temperate zones ; urban planning ; urbanization ; winter ; Eurasia ; Siberia
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-08
    Size p. 2513-2528.
    Publishing place Springer Vienna
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1463177-5
    ISSN 1434-4483 ; 0177-798X
    ISSN (online) 1434-4483
    ISSN 0177-798X
    DOI 10.1007/s00704-018-02754-z
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  8. Book ; Online: Urban heat islands in the Arctic cities

    Esau, Igor / Miles, Victoria / Soromotin, Andrey / Sizov, Oleg / Varentsov, Mikhail / Konstantinov, Pavel

    eISSN: 1992-0636

    an updated compilation of in situ and remote-sensing estimations

    2021  

    Abstract: Persistent warm urban temperature anomalies – urban heat islands (UHIs) – significantly enhance already amplified climate warming in the Arctic. Vulnerability of urban infrastructure in the Arctic cities urges a region-wide study of the UHI intensity and ...

    Abstract Persistent warm urban temperature anomalies – urban heat islands (UHIs) – significantly enhance already amplified climate warming in the Arctic. Vulnerability of urban infrastructure in the Arctic cities urges a region-wide study of the UHI intensity and its attribution to UHI drivers. This study presents an overview of the surface and atmospheric UHIs in all circum-Arctic settlements (118 in total) with the population larger than 3000 inhabitants. The surface UHI (SUHI) is obtained from the land surface temperature (LST) data products of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) archive over 2000–2016. The atmospheric UHI is obtained from screen-level temperature provided by the Urban Heat Island Arctic Research Campaign (UHIARC) observational network over 2015–2018. Several other UHI studies are included for comparisons. The analysis reveals strong and persistent UHI during both summer and winter seasons. The annual mean surface UHI magnitudes vary from −0.6 ∘ C (Hammerfest) to 4.3 ∘ C (Murmansk). Thus, the observed UHI is likely an important climatic factor that must be included in future adjustment of urban construction, safety, and environmental quality codes.
    Subject code 910
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-03
    Publishing country de
    Document type Book ; Online
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  9. Article ; Online: Re-introduction of vivax malaria in a temperate area (Moscow region, Russia): a geographic investigation.

    Mironova, Varvara A / Shartova, Natalia V / Beljaev, Andrei E / Varentsov, Mikhail I / Korennoy, Fedor I / Grishchenko, Mikhail Y

    Malaria journal

    2020  Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 116

    Abstract: Background: Between 1999 and 2008 Russia experienced a flare-up of transmission of vivax malaria following its massive importation with more than 500 autochthonous cases in European Russia, the Moscow region being the most affected. The outbreak waned ... ...

    Abstract Background: Between 1999 and 2008 Russia experienced a flare-up of transmission of vivax malaria following its massive importation with more than 500 autochthonous cases in European Russia, the Moscow region being the most affected. The outbreak waned soon after a decrease in importation in mid-2000s and strengthening the control measures. Compared with other post-eradication epidemics in Europe this one was unprecedented by its extension and duration.
    Methods: The aim of this study is to identify geographical determinants of transmission. The degree of favourability of climate for vivax malaria was assessed by measuring the sum of effective temperatures and duration of season of effective infectivity using data from 22 weather stations. For geospatial analysis, the locations of each of 405 autochthonous cases detected in Moscow region have been ascertained. A MaxEnt method was used for modelling the territorial differentiation of Moscow region according to the suitability of infection re-emergence based on the statistically valid relationships between the distribution of autochthonous cases and environmental and climatic factors.
    Results: In 1999-2004, in the beginning of the outbreak, meteorological conditions were extremely favourable for malaria in 1999, 2001 and 2002, especially within the borders of the city of Moscow and its immediate surroundings. The greatest number of cases occurred at the northwestern periphery of the city and in the adjoining rural areas. A significant role was played by rural construction activities attracting migrant labour, vegetation density and landscape division. A cut-off altitude of 200 m was observed, though the factor of altitude did not play a significant role at lower altitudes. Most likely, the urban heat island additionally amplified malaria re-introduction.
    Conclusion: The malariogenic potential in relation to vivax malaria was high in Moscow region, albeit heterogeneous. It is in Moscow that the most favourable conditions exist for vivax malaria re-introduction in the case of a renewed importation. This recent event of large-scale re-introduction of vivax malaria in a temperate area can serve as a case study for further research.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Anopheles/parasitology ; Anopheles/physiology ; Cities/epidemiology ; Climate ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; Geography ; Humans ; Malaria, Vivax/epidemiology ; Malaria, Vivax/transmission ; Moscow/epidemiology ; Plasmodium vivax ; Rural Population ; Seasons
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1475-2875
    ISSN (online) 1475-2875
    DOI 10.1186/s12936-020-03187-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Intraurban social risk and mortality patterns during extreme heat events: A case study of Moscow, 2010-2017.

    Zemtsov, Stepan / Shartova, Natalia / Varentsov, Mikhail / Konstantinov, Pavel / Kidyaeva, Vera / Shchur, Aleksey / Timonin, Sergey / Grischchenko, Mikhail

    Health & place

    2020  Volume 66, Page(s) 102429

    Abstract: There is currently an increase in the number of heat waves occurring worldwide. Moscow experienced the effects of an extreme heat wave in 2010, which resulted in more than 10,000 extra deaths and significant economic damage. This study conducted a ... ...

    Abstract There is currently an increase in the number of heat waves occurring worldwide. Moscow experienced the effects of an extreme heat wave in 2010, which resulted in more than 10,000 extra deaths and significant economic damage. This study conducted a comprehensive assessment of the social risks existing during the occurrence of heat waves and allowed us to identify the spatial heterogeneity of the city in terms of thermal risk and the consequences for public health. Using a detailed simulation of the meteorological regime based on the COSMO-CLM regional climate model and the physiologically equivalent temperature (PET), a spatial assessment of thermal stress in the summer of 2010 was carried out. Based on statistical data, the components of social risk (vulnerabilities and adaptive capacity of the population) were calculated and mapped. We also performed an analysis of their changes in 2010-2017. A significant differentiation of the territory of Moscow has been revealed in terms of the thermal stress and vulnerability of the population to heat waves. The spatial pattern of thermal stress agrees quite well with the excess deaths observed during the period from July to August 2010. The identified negative trend of increasing vulnerability of the population has grown in most districts of Moscow. The adaptive capacity has been reduced in most of Moscow. The growth of adaptive capacity mainly affects the most prosperous areas of the city.
    MeSH term(s) Cities ; Climate ; Extreme Heat/adverse effects ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Mortality ; Moscow/epidemiology ; Seasons
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1262540-1
    ISSN 1873-2054 ; 1353-8292
    ISSN (online) 1873-2054
    ISSN 1353-8292
    DOI 10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102429
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