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Article ; Online: Intermittent fasting and bone health: a bone of contention?

Clayton, David J / Varley, Ian / Papageorgiou, Maria

2023 Volume 130, Issue 9, Page(s) 1487–1499

Abstract: Intermittent fasting (IF) is a promising strategy for weight loss and improving metabolic health, but its effects on bone health are less clear. This review aims to summarise and critically evaluate the preclinical and clinical evidence on IF regimens ( ...

Abstract	Intermittent fasting (IF) is a promising strategy for weight loss and improving metabolic health, but its effects on bone health are less clear. This review aims to summarise and critically evaluate the preclinical and clinical evidence on IF regimens (
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Obesity ; Intermittent Fasting ; Bone Density ; Body Weight ; Fasting/physiology ; Weight Loss/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	280396-3
ISSN	1475-2662 ; 0007-1145
ISSN (online)	1475-2662
ISSN	0007-1145
DOI	10.1017/S0007114523000545
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Article ; Online: Experiences of Physical Activity, Healthy Eating and Quality of Life During and Following Pregnancy in Overweight and Obese Postpartum Women.

Hanley, Stephanie J / Varley, Ian / Sale, Craig / Elliott-Sale, Kirsty J

Maternal and child health journal

2023 Volume 27, Issue 11, Page(s) 1968–1980

Abstract: Objectives: This retrospective study explored the experiences of women with overweight or obesity regarding physical activity, diet and quality of life leading up to, during, and following pregnancy.: Methods: A qualitative descriptive design was ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: This retrospective study explored the experiences of women with overweight or obesity regarding physical activity, diet and quality of life leading up to, during, and following pregnancy. Methods: A qualitative descriptive design was adopted, whereby data collected through semi-structured interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. Throughout the interviews, individuals were asked to describe their barriers to a healthy lifestyle during and following pregnancy. Results: Ten women (34.5 ± 5.2 years old, BMI 30.4 ± 3.5 kg·m Discussion: Postpartum women with overweight and obesity experience many barriers when attempting to engage in a healthy lifestyle during and following pregnancy. These findings can be used to inform the design and delivery of future lifestyle interventions in this population.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1339905-6
ISSN	1573-6628 ; 1092-7875
ISSN (online)	1573-6628
ISSN	1092-7875
DOI	10.1007/s10995-023-03684-7
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Article ; Online: Relationship between Football-Specific Training Characteristics and Tibial Bone Adaptation in Male Academy Football Players.

Varley, Ian / Sale, Craig / Greeves, Julie P / Morris, John G / Sunderland, Caroline / Saward, Chris

Sports (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 11, Issue 4

Abstract: We examined the relationship between football-specific training and changes in bone structural properties across a 12-week period in 15 male football players aged 16 years (Mean ± 1 SD = 16.6 ± 0.3 years) that belonged to a professional football academy. ...

Abstract	We examined the relationship between football-specific training and changes in bone structural properties across a 12-week period in 15 male football players aged 16 years (Mean ± 1 SD = 16.6 ± 0.3 years) that belonged to a professional football academy. Tibial scans were performed at 4%, 14% and 38% sites using peripheral quantitative computed tomography immediately before and 12 weeks after increased football-specific training. Training was analysed using GPS to quantify peak speed, average speed, total distance and high-speed distance. Analyses were conducted with bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals (BCa 95% CI). There were increases in bone mass at the 4% (mean ∆ = 0.15 g, BCa 95% CI = 0.07, 0.26 g,
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-19
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2704239-X
ISSN	2075-4663 ; 2075-4663
ISSN (online)	2075-4663
ISSN	2075-4663
DOI	10.3390/sports11040086
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Article ; Online: Perspectives from research and practice: A survey on external load monitoring and bone in sport.

Scott, Reece / James, Ruth / Barnett, Cleveland T / Sale, Craig / Varley, Ian

Frontiers in sports and active living

2023 Volume 5, Page(s) 1150052

Abstract: Introduction: There is limited information regarding the association between external load and estimated bone load in sport, which may be important due to the influence exercise can have on bone accrual and injury risk. The aim of this study was to ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: There is limited information regarding the association between external load and estimated bone load in sport, which may be important due to the influence exercise can have on bone accrual and injury risk. The aim of this study was to identify external load measuring tools used by support staff to estimate bone load and assess if these methodologies were supported in research. Methods: A survey was comprised of 19 multiple choice questions and the option to elaborate on if/how they monitor external load and if/how they used them to estimate bone load. A narrative review was performed to assess how external load is associated to bone in research. Results: Participants were required to be working as support staff in applied sport. Support staff ( Discussion: GPS is the most commonly used method to estimate bone load, but there is a lack of research assessing GPS metrics with bone load. Accelerometry and force plates were among the most prevalent methods used to assess external load, but a lack of bone specific measurements were reported by support staff. Further research exploring how external load relates to bone is needed as there is no consensus on which method of external load is best to estimate bone load in an applied setting.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2624-9367
ISSN (online)	2624-9367
DOI	10.3389/fspor.2023.1150052
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Article ; Online: A Systematic Review investigating the Effectiveness of Exercise training in Glycogen Storage Diseases.

Bordoli, Claire / Murphy, Elaine / Varley, Ian / Sharpe, Graham / Hennis, Philip

Therapeutic advances in rare disease

2022 Volume 3, Page(s) 26330040221076497

Abstract: Introduction: Glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) are rare inborn errors of carbohydrate metabolism typically with skeletal muscle and liver involvement. In those with skeletal muscle involvement, the majority display symptoms of exercise intolerance which ...

Abstract	Introduction: Glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) are rare inborn errors of carbohydrate metabolism typically with skeletal muscle and liver involvement. In those with skeletal muscle involvement, the majority display symptoms of exercise intolerance which can cause profound exercise limitation and impair everyday living and quality of life (QoL). There are no curative treatments for GSDs, thus therapeutic options, such as exercise training, are aimed at improving QoL by alleviating signs and symptoms. In order to investigate the effectiveness of exercise training in adults with GSDs, we systematically reviewed the literature. Methods: In this review we conducted searches within SCOPUS and MEDLINE to identify potential papers for inclusion. These papers were independently assessed for inclusion and quality by two authors. We identified 23 studies which included aerobic training, strength training or respiratory muscle training in patients with McArdles ( Results: In McArdle disease, aerobic exercise training improved aerobic capacity (VO Conclusion: This adds to the growing body of evidence which suggests that supervised exercise training is safe and effective in improving aerobic capacity and muscle function in adults with McArdle or Pompe disease. However, the literature base is limited in quality and quantity with a dearth of literature regarding exercise training in other GSD subtypes.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2633-0040
ISSN (online)	2633-0040
DOI	10.1177/26330040221076497
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Article ; Online: Exercise interventions for weight management during pregnancy and up to 1 year postpartum among normal weight women and women with overweight and obesity: An updated systematic review

Hanley, Stephanie J. / Sibbick, Elise / Varley, Ian / Sale, Craig / Elliott‐Sale, Kirsty J.

Obesity Science & Practice. 2022 Oct., v. 8, no. 5 p.531-544

2022

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Given the increased occurrence of pre‐gravid obesity in recent years, and the implications of maternal obesity for maternal and offspring health, it is evident that there is a continued need to investigate antenatal and postnatal weight ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: Given the increased occurrence of pre‐gravid obesity in recent years, and the implications of maternal obesity for maternal and offspring health, it is evident that there is a continued need to investigate antenatal and postnatal weight management strategies and to provide evidence‐based advice for exercise‐based interventions. Given the small number of studies (n = 5) included in an original systematic review by our group in 2015, it was important to add to the dataset by assessing data published since 2015, in order to provide a more in‐depth view of current knowledge. OBJECTIVE: To provide an updated systematic review on studies employing exercise interventions for weight management in pregnant and postpartum women. METHODS: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials evaluating the effects of an exercise intervention on gestational weight gain and postpartum weight management in normal weight women, and women with overweight and obesity was conducted. PubMed, Scopus, Central Register of Controlled Trials and Web of Science were searched for studies published between September 2013 and June 2021. No restrictions were set on type, intensity, duration, or frequency of exercise intervention. Only studies that targeted body weight or mass as a primary outcome were included. RESULTS: Thirteen studies were included in this review: 11 during and two following pregnancy. Exercise significantly reduced gestational weight gain in five of the pregnancy studies and induced significant weight loss in one of the postpartum studies. Across studies, there were large disparities in exercise modality, frequency, and duration, although moderate intensity exercise was consistently employed. CONCLUSIONS: Some studies showed positive effects of exercise on weight management during and following pregnancy. While there is still no consensus on effective exercise intervention approaches, it is crucial that physical activity, of any safe form, is recommended to encourage healthy weight management during this time.
Keywords	data collection ; exercise ; ideal body weight ; obesity ; pregnancy ; progeny ; systematic review ; weight control ; weight gain ; weight loss
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-10
Size	p. 531-544.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	REVIEW
ZDB-ID	2836381-4
ISSN	2055-2238
ISSN	2055-2238
DOI	10.1002/osp4.597
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: One week of high-fat overfeeding alters bone metabolism in healthy males: A pilot study

Varley, Ian / James, Lewis J. / Willis, Scott A. / King, James A. / Clayton, David J.

Nutrition. 2022 Apr., v. 96

2022

Abstract: Short periods of excessive consumption of indulgent high-fat foods are common in Western society, but the effect this has on bone is unknown. The aim of this pilot study was to explore how a 7-d hyperenergetic, high-fat diet affects candidate biomarkers ... ...

Abstract	Short periods of excessive consumption of indulgent high-fat foods are common in Western society, but the effect this has on bone is unknown. The aim of this pilot study was to explore how a 7-d hyperenergetic, high-fat diet affects candidate biomarkers of bone metabolism. The study included 12 healthy men with a mean age of 24 y (SD = 4 y) and body mass index (BMI) of 24.1 kg/m² (SD = 1.5). The men consumed a 7-d hyperenergetic, high-fat diet (HE-HFD; 20.9 [SD = 0.8] MJ; 65% total energy as fat) and a control (CON) diet (10.9 [SD = 2] MJ; 36% total energy as fat), in randomized, crossover order, with each trial separated by 3 wk. Markers of bone formation (P1NP) and bone resorption (CTx) were measured at baseline and after 1, 3, and 7 d of each diet. Bone metabolic responses were analyzed using two-factor repeated-measures analysis of variance and subsequent pairwise comparisons. There was a main effect of time (P < 0.05), but no trial (P = 0.270) or time- × -trial interaction (P = 0.693) effects for plasma concentrations of CTx. Mean CTx concentrations did not differ between trials (CON: 0.97 ng/mL [SD = 0.39]; HE-HFD: 1.03 ng/mL [SD = 0.22]; P = 0.225). There was a main effect of trial (P < 0.01), but no time (P = 0.138) or trial- × -interaction (P = 0.179) effects for plasma concentrations of P1NP. Mean P1NP concentrations were lower during the HE-HFD (61.79 ng/mL [SD = 26.54]) than during the CON diet (77.89 ng/mL [SD = 28.71]; P < 0.01). A 7-d hyperenergetic, high-fat diet reduces a marker of bone formation but does not affect a marker of bone resorption. This pilot study suggested that short periods of excessive energy and fat consumption may detrimentally affect bone health.
Keywords	analysis of variance ; biomarkers ; body mass index ; bone formation ; bone health ; bone resorption ; energy ; fat intake ; high fat diet
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-04
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	639259-3
ISSN	1873-1244 ; 0899-9007
ISSN (online)	1873-1244
ISSN	0899-9007
DOI	10.1016/j.nut.2022.111589
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Article ; Online: Exercise interventions for weight management during pregnancy and up to 1 year postpartum among normal weight women and women with overweight and obesity: An updated systematic review.

Hanley, Stephanie J / Sibbick, Elise / Varley, Ian / Sale, Craig / Elliott-Sale, Kirsty J

Obesity science & practice

2022 Volume 8, Issue 5, Page(s) 531–544

Abstract: Background: Given the increased occurrence of pre-gravid obesity in recent years, and the implications of maternal obesity for maternal and offspring health, it is evident that there is a continued need to investigate antenatal and postnatal weight ... ...

Abstract	Background: Given the increased occurrence of pre-gravid obesity in recent years, and the implications of maternal obesity for maternal and offspring health, it is evident that there is a continued need to investigate antenatal and postnatal weight management strategies and to provide evidence-based advice for exercise-based interventions. Given the small number of studies ( Objective: To provide an updated systematic review on studies employing exercise interventions for weight management in pregnant and postpartum women. Methods: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials evaluating the effects of an exercise intervention on gestational weight gain and postpartum weight management in normal weight women, and women with overweight and obesity was conducted. PubMed, Scopus, Central Register of Controlled Trials and Web of Science were searched for studies published between September 2013 and June 2021. No restrictions were set on type, intensity, duration, or frequency of exercise intervention. Only studies that targeted body weight or mass as a primary outcome were included. Results: Thirteen studies were included in this review: 11 during and two following pregnancy. Exercise significantly reduced gestational weight gain in five of the pregnancy studies and induced significant weight loss in one of the postpartum studies. Across studies, there were large disparities in exercise modality, frequency, and duration, although moderate intensity exercise was consistently employed. Conclusions: Some studies showed positive effects of exercise on weight management during and following pregnancy. While there is still no consensus on effective exercise intervention approaches, it is crucial that physical activity, of any safe form, is recommended to encourage healthy weight management during this time.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2836381-4
ISSN	2055-2238 ; 2055-2238
ISSN (online)	2055-2238
ISSN	2055-2238
DOI	10.1002/osp4.597
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Article ; Online: Modelling Changes in Bone and Body Composition Over a Season in Elite Male Footballers.

Varley, Ian / Ward, Marcus / Thorpe, Chris / Beardsley, Nathan / Greeves, Julie / Sale, Craig / Saward, Chris

International journal of sports medicine

2022 Volume 43, Issue 8, Page(s) 729–739

Abstract: This study investigated the change in bone and body composition characteristics of elite football players and recreationally active control participants across the course of a season. Fortysix participants (20 footballers and 26 recreationally active ... ...

Abstract	This study investigated the change in bone and body composition characteristics of elite football players and recreationally active control participants across the course of a season. Fortysix participants (20 footballers and 26 recreationally active controls) were assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography for a range of bone and body composition characteristics at four points over the course of a competitive season. Multilevel modelling was used to examine changes. Footballers had higher characteristics than controls for 24 out of 29 dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography variables (all p<0.05). However, there was also significant random inter-individual variation in baseline values for all variables, for both footballers and controls (p < 0.05). Wholebody bone mineral density, leg and whole-body bone mineral content, tibial bone mass and area (38%) increased across the season in footballers (p < 0.05), and there was significant random inter-individual variation in the rate of increase of leg and whole-body bone mineral content (p<0.05). Whole-body bone mineral density, leg and whole-body bone mineral content, tibial bone mass and area (38%) increased over the course of the season in elite football players. The modelling information on expected changes in bone characteristics provides practitioners with a method of identifying those with abnormal bone response to football training and match-play.
MeSH term(s)	Absorptiometry, Photon ; Body Composition/physiology ; Bone Density/physiology ; Football/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Seasons
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-06
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603122-5
ISSN	1439-3964 ; 0172-4622 ; 0943-917X
ISSN (online)	1439-3964
ISSN	0172-4622 ; 0943-917X
DOI	10.1055/a-1810-6774
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Article ; Online: One week of high-fat overfeeding alters bone metabolism in healthy males: A pilot study.

Varley, Ian / James, Lewis J / Willis, Scott A / King, James A / Clayton, David J

Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)

2022 Volume 96, Page(s) 111589

Abstract: Objectives: Short periods of excessive consumption of indulgent high-fat foods are common in Western society, but the effect this has on bone is unknown. The aim of this pilot study was to explore how a 7-d hyperenergetic, high-fat diet affects ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Short periods of excessive consumption of indulgent high-fat foods are common in Western society, but the effect this has on bone is unknown. The aim of this pilot study was to explore how a 7-d hyperenergetic, high-fat diet affects candidate biomarkers of bone metabolism. Methods: The study included 12 healthy men with a mean age of 24 y (SD = 4 y) and body mass index (BMI) of 24.1 kg/m Results: There was a main effect of time (P < 0.05), but no trial (P = 0.270) or time- × -trial interaction (P = 0.693) effects for plasma concentrations of CTx. Mean CTx concentrations did not differ between trials (CON: 0.97 ng/mL [SD = 0.39]; HE-HFD: 1.03 ng/mL [SD = 0.22]; P = 0.225). There was a main effect of trial (P < 0.01), but no time (P = 0.138) or trial- × -interaction (P = 0.179) effects for plasma concentrations of P1NP. Mean P1NP concentrations were lower during the HE-HFD (61.79 ng/mL [SD = 26.54]) than during the CON diet (77.89 ng/mL [SD = 28.71]; P < 0.01). Conclusions: A 7-d hyperenergetic, high-fat diet reduces a marker of bone formation but does not affect a marker of bone resorption. This pilot study suggested that short periods of excessive energy and fat consumption may detrimentally affect bone health.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Biomarkers ; Body Mass Index ; Bone Resorption/etiology ; Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects ; Energy Metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Pilot Projects ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	639259-3
ISSN	1873-1244 ; 0899-9007
ISSN (online)	1873-1244
ISSN	0899-9007
DOI	10.1016/j.nut.2022.111589
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