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Article: Viral Antigen Detection in Blood (Serum) Has no Role in Laboratory Diagnosis of Rabies.

Mani, Reeta S / Vasanthapuram, Ravi

2021 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 94–95

Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-16
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2240174-X
ISSN	1998-3549 ; 0972-2327
ISSN (online)	1998-3549
ISSN	0972-2327
DOI	10.4103/aian.AIAN_442_19
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Article: Profile of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome Patients from South India.

Suma, Rache / Netravathi, M / Gururaj, Gopalkrishna / Thomas, Priya Treesa / Singh, Bhagteshwar / Solomon, Tom / Desai, Anita / Vasanthapuram, Ravi / Banandur, Pradeep S

Journal of global infectious diseases

2023 Volume 15, Issue 4, Page(s) 156–165

Abstract: Introduction: Encephalitis is a major public health problem worldwide that causes huge emotional and economic loss to humanity. Encephalitis, being a serious illness, affects people of all ages. The aim is to describe the sociodemographic, clinical, ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Encephalitis is a major public health problem worldwide that causes huge emotional and economic loss to humanity. Encephalitis, being a serious illness, affects people of all ages. The aim is to describe the sociodemographic, clinical, etiological, and neuroimaging profile among 101 acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) patients visiting a tertiary neuro-specialty care hospital in India. Methods: Record review of medical records of all patients attending neurology emergency and outpatient services at NIMHANS Hospital, diagnosed with AES in 2019, was conducted. Data were collected using standardized data collection forms for all cases in the study. Descriptive analyses (mean and standard deviation for continuous variables and proportions for categorical variables) were conducted. The Chi-square test/Fisher's exact test was used for the comparison of independent groups for categorical variables, and Results: About 42.6% of AES patients had viral etiology, while in 57.4%, etiology was not ascertained. Common presenting symptoms were fever (96%), altered sensorium (64.4%), seizures (70.3%), headache (42.6%), and vomiting (27.7%). Herpes simplex was the most common (21.8%) identified viral encephalitis, followed by chikungunya (5%), arboviruses (chikungunya and dengue) (4%), Japanese encephalitis (4%), rabies (3%), dengue (1%), and varicella virus (1%). About 40% of AES patients showed cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis (44%), increased protein (39.6%), abnormal computed tomography brain (44.6%), and magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities (41.6%). Conclusion: The study highlights the need to ascertain etiology and importance of evidence-based management of AES patients. A better understanding of opportunities and limitations in the management and implementation of standard laboratory and diagnostic algorithms can favor better diagnosis and management of AES.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-30
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2545454-7
ISSN	0974-8245 ; 0974-777X
ISSN (online)	0974-8245
ISSN	0974-777X
DOI	10.4103/jgid.jgid_19_23
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Article ; Online: Prohibitin 1/2 mediates Dengue-3 entry into human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) and microglia (CHME-3) cells.

Sharma, Amita / Vasanthapuram, Ravi / M Venkataswamy, Manjunatha / Desai, Anita

Journal of biomedical science

2020 Volume 27, Issue 1, Page(s) 55

Abstract: Background: Very few studies have identified receptor molecules for dengue virus (DENV) on neural cells. This study was designed to identify putative receptor/(s) involved in entry of DENV-3 in human neural cells of various lineages; neuronal-SH-SY5Y, ... ...

Abstract	Background: Very few studies have identified receptor molecules for dengue virus (DENV) on neural cells. This study was designed to identify putative receptor/(s) involved in entry of DENV-3 in human neural cells of various lineages; neuronal-SH-SY5Y, astroglial-U-87 MG and microglial-CHME-3 cells. Result: Virus overlay protein binding assay, LC-MS/MS and SEQUEST identified prohibitin1/2 (PHB1/2) as interacting proteins on SH-SY5Y, CHME-3, and U-87 MG cells. Infection inhibition and siRNA assays confirmed the role of PHB1/2 in the entry of DENV-3 into SH-SY5Y and CHME-3 cells but not in U-87 MG cells. Indirect immunofluorescence and flow-cytometry demonstrated the presence of PHB1/2 on the surface of SH-SY5Y and CHME-3 cells. Co-immunoprecipitation and Western blot, as well as double labelling, reconfirmed the interaction between PHB1/2 and DENV-3 EDIII protein. Conclusion: These observations together for the first time indicate that PHB1/2 may serve as a putative receptor for DENV-3 in SH-SY5Y and CHME-3 cells. The study provided insights into DENV-3 and neural cell interactions.
MeSH term(s)	Astrocytes/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Dengue ; Dengue Virus/physiology ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/genetics ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Microglia/metabolism ; Neuroblastoma ; Receptors, Virus/genetics ; Receptors, Virus/metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/genetics ; Repressor Proteins/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Membrane Proteins ; Receptors, Virus ; Repressor Proteins ; prohibitin
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1193378-1
ISSN	1423-0127 ; 1021-7770
ISSN (online)	1423-0127
ISSN	1021-7770
DOI	10.1186/s12929-020-00639-w
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Article ; Online: Pattern recognition receptor mRNA expression and cytokine and granzyme levels in HIV infected individuals with neurotuberculosis.

Rao, Deepashri / Vasanthapuram, Ravi / Satishchandra, P / Desai, Anita

Journal of neuroimmunology

2018 Volume 318, Page(s) 21–28

Abstract: Neurotuberculosis is one of the commonest HIV-associated opportunistic infections (OI) of the CNS. Cross-talk between HIV, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and host immune responses may alter expression of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), thereby ... ...

Abstract	Neurotuberculosis is one of the commonest HIV-associated opportunistic infections (OI) of the CNS. Cross-talk between HIV, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and host immune responses may alter expression of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), thereby affecting cytokine profiles and functional responses. We examined PRR mRNA expression and cytokine and granzyme levels in HIV infected individuals with neurotuberculosis and found significant downregulation of TLR9 and increased MDA5 expression compared to healthy subjects. Significantly higher Granzyme A and IFN-γ levels were also observed in the CSF of this group compared to CSF from non-infectious controls. These alterations may lead to inappropriate recruitment of immune cells to the CNS, leading to disease severity.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Cytokines/analysis ; Cytokines/immunology ; Female ; Granzymes/immunology ; HIV Infections/complications ; HIV Infections/immunology ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host/immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Opportunistic Infections/complications ; Opportunistic Infections/immunology ; RNA, Messenger/analysis ; Receptors, Pattern Recognition/analysis ; Receptors, Pattern Recognition/immunology ; Tuberculosis, Meningeal/complications ; Tuberculosis, Meningeal/immunology ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Cytokines ; RNA, Messenger ; Receptors, Pattern Recognition ; Granzymes (EC 3.4.21.-) ; GZMA protein, human (EC 3.4.21.78)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-02-01
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	8335-5
ISSN	1872-8421 ; 0165-5728
ISSN (online)	1872-8421
ISSN	0165-5728
DOI	10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.01.015
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Article ; Online: Relationship between Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Schneiderian First Rank Symptoms in Antipsychotic-naïve Schizophrenia

GanesanVenkatasubramanian / VasanthapuramRavi

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Vol

2013 Volume 4

Abstract: Neurodevelopmental aberrations influenced by neurotrophic factors are among the important paradigms to understand schizophrenia pathogenesis. Among various neurotrophic factors, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is strongly implicated by previous ... ...

Abstract	Neurodevelopmental aberrations influenced by neurotrophic factors are among the important paradigms to understand schizophrenia pathogenesis. Among various neurotrophic factors, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is strongly implicated by previous research studies. Evaluating co-morbidity free, antipsychotic-naïve schizophrenia patients for BDNF levels and examining the correlates of this factor with symptoms might facilitate elucidation of its pathogenetic role without confounds of potential influencing factors. In this study, 59 co-morbidity free, antipsychotic-naïve schizophrenia patients were compared with 60 healthy controls for serum BDNF levels. In addition, the relationship between Schneiderian First Rank Symptoms (FRS) and BDNF level in patients was examined. As a group, schizophrenia patients (28.8±11.7 ng/mL) had significantly lower serum BDNF than healthy controls (34.9±8.2 ng/mL) after controlling for the potential confounding effects of age and sex (F=7.8; p=0.006). Further analyses revealed FRS status to have significant effect on plasma BDNF after controlling for the potential confounding effects of age and sex (F=4.5; p=0.01). Follow-up posthoc analyses revealed FRS(+) patients to have significant deficit in plasma BDNF level in comparison with healthy controls (p=0.002); however, FRS(─) patients did not differ from healthy controls (p=0.38). Our study observations add further support to the role for BDNF in schizophrenia pathogenesis and suggest a potential novel link between deficient BDNF and FRS.
Keywords	Schizophrenia ; BDNF ; neurodevelopment ; antipsychotic-naïve ; Schneiderian First Rank Symptoms ; Psychiatry ; RC435-571 ; Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ; RC346-429 ; Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ; RC321-571 ; Internal medicine ; RC31-1245 ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	150
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article: Importation, circulation, and emergence of variants of SARS-CoV-2 in the South Indian state of Karnataka.

Pattabiraman, Chitra / Prasad, Pramada / George, Anson K / Sreenivas, Darshan / Rasheed, Risha / Reddy, Nakka Vijay Kiran / Desai, Anita / Vasanthapuram, Ravi

Wellcome open research

2022 Volume 6, Page(s) 110

Abstract: Background: ...

Abstract	Background:
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2398-502X
ISSN	2398-502X
DOI	10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16768.2
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Article ; Online: Neurological manifestations of scrub typhus infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical features and case fatality.

Alam, Ali M / Gillespie, Conor S / Goodall, Jack / Damodar, Tina / Turtle, Lance / Vasanthapuram, Ravi / Solomon, Tom / Michael, Benedict D

PLoS neglected tropical diseases

2022 Volume 16, Issue 11, Page(s) e0010952

Abstract: Background: Scrub typhus has become a leading cause of central nervous system (CNS) infection in endemic regions. As a treatable condition, prompt recognition is vital. However, few studies have focused on describing the symptomology and outcomes of ... ...

Abstract	Background: Scrub typhus has become a leading cause of central nervous system (CNS) infection in endemic regions. As a treatable condition, prompt recognition is vital. However, few studies have focused on describing the symptomology and outcomes of neurological scrub typhus infection. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to report the clinical features and case fatality ratio (CFR) in patients with CNS scrub typhus infection. Methods: A search and analysis plan was published in PROSPERO [ID 328732]. A systematic search of PubMed and Scopus was performed and studies describing patients with CNS manifestations of proven scrub typhus infection were included. The outcomes studied were weighted pooled prevalence (WPP) of clinical features during illness and weighted CFR. Results: Nineteen studies with 1,221 (656 adults and 565 paediatric) patients were included. The most common clinical features in CNS scrub typhus were those consistent with non-specific acute encephalitis syndromes (AES), such as fever (WPP 100.0% [99.5%-100.0%, I2 = 47.8%]), altered sensorium (67.4% [54.9-78.8%, I2 = 93.3%]), headache (65.0% [51.5-77.6%, I2 = 95.1%]) and neck stiffness 56.6% (29.4-80.4%, I2 = 96.3%). Classical features of scrub typhus were infrequently identified; an eschar was found in only 20.8% (9.8%-34.3%, I2 = 95.4%) and lymphadenopathy in 24.1% (95% CI 11.8% - 38.9%, I2 = 87.8%). The pooled CFR (95% CI) was 3.6% (1.5%- 6.4%, I2 = 67.3%). Paediatric cohorts had a CFR of 6.1% (1.9-12.1%, I2 = 77%) whilst adult cohorts reported 2.6% (0.7-5.3%, I2 = 43%). Conclusion: Our meta-analyses illustrate that 3.6% of patients with CNS manifestations of scrub typhus die. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for scrub typhus in patients presenting with AES in endemic regions and consider starting empiric treatment whilst awaiting results of investigations, even in the absence of classical signs such as an eschar or lymphadenopathy.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Scrub Typhus
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2429704-5
ISSN	1935-2735 ; 1935-2735
ISSN (online)	1935-2735
ISSN	1935-2735
DOI	10.1371/journal.pntd.0010952
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Article ; Online: Molecular Mimicry between Chikungunya Virus and Host Components: A Possible Mechanism for the Arthritic Manifestations.

Reddy, Vijayalakshmi / Desai, Anita / Krishna, Shankar Susarla / Vasanthapuram, Ravi

PLoS neglected tropical diseases

2017 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) e0005238

Abstract: Background: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a reemerging pathogen causes a self limited illness characterized by fever, headache, myalgia and arthralgia. However, 10-20% affected individuals develop persistent arthralgia which contributes to considerable ... ...

Abstract	Background: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a reemerging pathogen causes a self limited illness characterized by fever, headache, myalgia and arthralgia. However, 10-20% affected individuals develop persistent arthralgia which contributes to considerable morbidity. The exact molecular mechanisms underlying these manifestations are not well understood. The present study investigated the possible occurrence of molecular mimicry between CHIKV E1 glycoprotein and host human components. Methodology: Bioinformatic tools were used to identify peptides of CHIKV E1 exhibiting similarity to host components. Two peptides (A&B) were identified using several bioinformatic tools, synthesised and used to validate the results obtained in silico. An ELISA was designed to assess the immunoreactivity of serum samples from CHIKV patients to these peptides. Further, experiments were conducted in a C57BL/6J experimental mouse model to investigate if peptide A and peptide B were indeed capable of inducing pathology. Findings: The serum samples showed reactivity of varying degrees, indicating that these peptides are indeed being recognized by the host immune system during CHIKV infection. Further, these peptides when injected into C57BL/6J mice were able to induce significant inflammation in the muscles of C57BL/6J mice, similar to that observed in animals that were injected with CHIKV alone. Additionally, animals that were primed initially with CHIKV followed by a subsequent injection of the CHIKV peptides exhibited enhanced inflammatory pathology in the skeletal muscles as compared to animals that were injected with peptides or virus alone. Collectively these observations validate the hypothesis that molecular mimicry between CHIKV E1 protein and host proteins does contribute to pathology in CHIKV infection.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Arthralgia/etiology ; Arthralgia/virology ; Chikungunya Fever/complications ; Chikungunya Fever/immunology ; Chikungunya virus/immunology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Molecular Mimicry ; Muscles/pathology ; Muscles/virology ; Viral Proteins/immunology
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Viral ; Viral Proteins
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-01-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2429704-5
ISSN	1935-2735 ; 1935-2727
ISSN (online)	1935-2735
ISSN	1935-2727
DOI	10.1371/journal.pntd.0005238
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Article ; Online: External quality assessment of COVID-19 real time reverse transcription PCR laboratories in India

Harmanmeet Kaur / Labanya Mukhopadhyay / Nivedita Gupta / Neeraj Aggarwal / Lucky Sangal / Varsha Potdar / Francis Yesuraj Inbanathan / Jitendra Narayan / Swati Gupta / Salaj Rana / Neetu Vijay / Harpreet Singh / Jasmine Kaur / Vinit Kumar / Nirmal Kaundal / Priya Abraham / Vasanthapuram Ravi

PLoS ONE, Vol 17, Iss

2022 Volume 2

Abstract: Sudden emergence and rapid spread of COVID-19 created an inevitable need for expansion of the COVID-19 laboratory testing network across the world. The strategy to test-track-treat was advocated for quick detection and containment of the disease. Being ... ...

Abstract	Sudden emergence and rapid spread of COVID-19 created an inevitable need for expansion of the COVID-19 laboratory testing network across the world. The strategy to test-track-treat was advocated for quick detection and containment of the disease. Being the second most populous country in the world, India was challenged to make COVID-19 testing available and accessible in all parts of the country. The molecular laboratory testing network was augmented expeditiously, and number of laboratories was increased from one in January 2020 to 2951 till mid-September, 2021. This rapid expansion warranted the need to have inbuilt systems of quality control/ quality assurance. In addition to the ongoing inter-laboratory quality control (ILQC), India implemented an External Quality Assurance Program (EQAP) with assistance from World Health Organization (WHO) and Royal College of Pathologists, Australasia. Out of the 953 open system rRTPCR laboratories in both public and private sector who participated in the first round of EQAP, 891(93.4%) laboratories obtained a passing score of > = 80%. The satisfactory performance of Indian COVID-19 testing laboratories has boosted the confidence of the public and policy makers in the quality of testing. ILQC and EQAP need to continue to ensure adherence of the testing laboratories to the desired quality standards.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: External quality assessment of COVID-19 real time reverse transcription PCR laboratories in India.

PLoS ONE, Vol 17, Iss 2, p e

2022 Volume 0263736

Abstract	Sudden emergence and rapid spread of COVID-19 created an inevitable need for expansion of the COVID-19 laboratory testing network across the world. The strategy to test-track-treat was advocated for quick detection and containment of the disease. Being the second most populous country in the world, India was challenged to make COVID-19 testing available and accessible in all parts of the country. The molecular laboratory testing network was augmented expeditiously, and number of laboratories was increased from one in January 2020 to 2951 till mid-September, 2021. This rapid expansion warranted the need to have inbuilt systems of quality control/ quality assurance. In addition to the ongoing inter-laboratory quality control (ILQC), India implemented an External Quality Assurance Program (EQAP) with assistance from World Health Organization (WHO) and Royal College of Pathologists, Australasia. Out of the 953 open system rRTPCR laboratories in both public and private sector who participated in the first round of EQAP, 891(93.4%) laboratories obtained a passing score of > = 80%. The satisfactory performance of Indian COVID-19 testing laboratories has boosted the confidence of the public and policy makers in the quality of testing. ILQC and EQAP need to continue to ensure adherence of the testing laboratories to the desired quality standards.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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