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  1. Article ; Online: Natural Gas Gathering and Transmission Pipelines and Social Vulnerability in the United States.

    Emanuel, Ryan E / Caretta, Martina A / Rivers, Louie / Vasudevan, Pavithra

    GeoHealth

    2021  Volume 5, Issue 6, Page(s) e2021GH000442

    Abstract: Midstream oil and gas infrastructure comprises vast networks of gathering and transmission pipelines that connect upstream extraction to downstream consumption. In the United States (US), public policies and corporate decisions have prompted a wave of ... ...

    Abstract Midstream oil and gas infrastructure comprises vast networks of gathering and transmission pipelines that connect upstream extraction to downstream consumption. In the United States (US), public policies and corporate decisions have prompted a wave of proposals for new gathering and transmission pipelines in recent years, raising the question: Who bears the burdens associated with the existing pipeline infrastructure in the US? With this in mind, we examined the density of natural gas gathering and transmission pipelines in the US, together with county-level data on social vulnerability. For the 2,261 US counties containing natural gas pipelines, we found a positive correlation between county-level pipeline density and an index of social vulnerability. In general, counties with more socially vulnerable populations have significantly higher pipeline densities than counties with less socially vulnerable populations. In particular, counties in the top quartile of social vulnerability tend to have pipeline densities that are much higher than pipeline densities for counties in the bottom quartile of social vulnerability. The difference grows larger for counties at the upper extremes of pipeline density within each group. We discuss some of the implications for the indigenous communities and others affected by recent expansions of oil and gas infrastructure. We offer recommendations aimed at improving ways in which decision-makers identify and address the societal impacts and environmental justice implications of midstream pipeline infrastructure.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2471-1403
    ISSN (online) 2471-1403
    DOI 10.1029/2021GH000442
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Disparities in job characteristics by race and sex in a Southern aluminum smelting facility.

    McClure, Elizabeth S / Robinson, Whitney R / Vasudevan, Pavithra / Cullen, Mark R / Marshall, Stephen W / Noth, Elizabeth / Richardson, David

    American journal of industrial medicine

    2023  Volume 66, Issue 4, Page(s) 307–319

    Abstract: Background: Former workers at a Southern aluminum smelting facility raised concerns that the most hazardous jobs were assigned to Black workers, but the role of workplace segregation had not been quantified or examined in the company town. Prior studies ...

    Abstract Background: Former workers at a Southern aluminum smelting facility raised concerns that the most hazardous jobs were assigned to Black workers, but the role of workplace segregation had not been quantified or examined in the company town. Prior studies discuss race and gender disparities in working conditions, but few have documented them in the aluminum industry.
    Methods: We obtained workers' company records for 1985-2007 and characterized four job metrics: prestige (sociologic rankings), worker-defined danger (worker assessments), annual wage (1985 dollars), and estimated total particulate matter (TPM) exposure (job exposure matrix). Characteristics of job at hire and trajectories were compared by race and sex using linear binomial models.
    Results: Non-White males had the highest percentage of workers in low prestige and high danger jobs at hire and up to 20 years after. After 20 years tenure, 100% of White workers were in higher prestige and lower danger jobs. Most female workers, regardless of race, entered and remained in low-wage jobs, while 50% of all male workers maintained their initial higher-wage jobs. Non-White females had the highest prevalence of workers in low-wage jobs at hire and after 20 years-increasing from 63% (95% CI: 59-67) to 100% (95% CI: 78-100). All female workers were less likely to be in high TPM exposure jobs. Non-White males were most likely to be hired into high TPM exposure jobs, and this exposure prevalence increased as time accrued, while staying constant for other race-sex groups.
    Conclusions: There is evidence of job segregation by race and sex in this cohort of aluminum smelting workers. Documentation of disparities in occupational hazards is important for informing health interventions and research.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Male ; Female ; Aluminum ; Occupations ; Industry ; Workplace ; Particulate Matter ; Occupational Exposure/analysis
    Chemical Substances Aluminum (CPD4NFA903) ; Particulate Matter
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 604538-8
    ISSN 1097-0274 ; 0271-3586
    ISSN (online) 1097-0274
    ISSN 0271-3586
    DOI 10.1002/ajim.23464
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  3. Article ; Online: Racial Capitalism Within Public Health-How Occupational Settings Drive COVID-19 Disparities.

    McClure, Elizabeth S / Vasudevan, Pavithra / Bailey, Zinzi / Patel, Snehal / Robinson, Whitney R

    American journal of epidemiology

    2020  Volume 189, Issue 11, Page(s) 1244–1253

    Abstract: Epidemiology of the US coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak focuses on individuals' biology and behaviors, despite centrality of occupational environments in the viral spread. This demonstrates collusion between epidemiology and racial capitalism ...

    Abstract Epidemiology of the US coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak focuses on individuals' biology and behaviors, despite centrality of occupational environments in the viral spread. This demonstrates collusion between epidemiology and racial capitalism because it obscures structural influences, absolving industries of responsibility for worker safety. In an empirical example, we analyzed economic implications of race-based metrics widely used in occupational epidemiology. In the United States, White adults have better average lung function and worse hearing than Black adults. Impaired lung function and impaired hearing are both criteria for workers' compensation claims, which are ultimately paid by industry. Compensation for respiratory injury is determined using a race-specific algorithm. For hearing, there is no race adjustment. Selective use of race-specific algorithms for workers' compensation reduces industries' liability for worker health, illustrating racial capitalism operating within public health. Widespread and unexamined belief in inherent physiological inferiority of Black Americans perpetuates systems that limit industry payouts for workplace injuries. We see a parallel in the epidemiology of COVID-19 disparities. We tell stories of industries implicated in the outbreak and review how they exemplify racial capitalism. We call on public health professionals to critically evaluate who is served and neglected by data analysis and to center structural determinants of health in etiological evaluation.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; African Americans ; Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Capitalism ; Coronavirus ; Coronavirus Infections/ethnology ; European Continental Ancestry Group ; Health Status Disparities ; Humans ; Occupational Health/ethnology ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/ethnology ; Public Health ; Racism ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Socioeconomic Factors ; United States/epidemiology ; Workplace
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2937-3
    ISSN 1476-6256 ; 0002-9262
    ISSN (online) 1476-6256
    ISSN 0002-9262
    DOI 10.1093/aje/kwaa126
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  4. Article ; Online: Cancer and noncancer mortality among aluminum smelting workers in Badin, North Carolina.

    McClure, Elizabeth S / Vasudevan, Pavithra / DeBono, Nathan / Robinson, Whitney R / Marshall, Stephen W / Richardson, David

    American journal of industrial medicine

    2020  Volume 63, Issue 9, Page(s) 755–765

    Abstract: Background: Badin, North Carolina, hosted an aluminum smelting plant from 1917 to 2007. The Concerned Citizens of West Badin reported suspected excess cancer mortality among former employees. This study aimed to investigate these concerns.: Methods: ... ...

    Abstract Background: Badin, North Carolina, hosted an aluminum smelting plant from 1917 to 2007. The Concerned Citizens of West Badin reported suspected excess cancer mortality among former employees. This study aimed to investigate these concerns.
    Methods: The study cohort was enumerated from United Steel Workers' records of workers employed from 1980 to 2007. Cause-specific mortality rates in the cohort were compared with North Carolina population mortality rates using standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), standardized by age, sex, race, and calendar period. We estimated cause-specific adjusted standardized mortality ratios (aSMRs) using negative controls to mitigate healthy worker survivor bias (HWSB). Standardized rate ratios (SRRs) were calculated to compare mortality rates between workers ever employed vs never employed in the pot room.
    Results: All-cause mortality among Badin workers was lower than in the general population (SMR: 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71-0.92). After adjusting for HWSB, excesses for all cancers (aSMR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.10-2.21), bladder cancer (3.47, 95% CI: 1.25-9.62), mesothelioma (17.33, 95% CI: 5.40-55.59), and respiratory cancer (1.24, 95% CI: 0.77-1.99) were observed. Black males worked the highest proportion of their employed years in the pot room. Potroom workers experienced higher respiratory cancer (SRR: 2.99, 95% CI: 1.23-7.26), bladder cancer (SRR: 1.58, 95% CI: 0.15-15.28), and mesothelioma (SRR: 3.36, 95% CI: 0.21-53.78) mortality rates than never workers in the pot room.
    Conclusions: This study responds to concerns of a group of former aluminum workers. The results, while imprecise, suggest excess respiratory and bladder cancers among pot room workers in a contemporary cohort of union employees at a US smelter.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Aluminum ; Cause of Death ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Metallurgy/statistics & numerical data ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms/etiology ; Neoplasms/mortality ; North Carolina/epidemiology ; Occupational Diseases/etiology ; Occupational Diseases/mortality ; Occupational Exposure/adverse effects
    Chemical Substances Aluminum (CPD4NFA903)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 604538-8
    ISSN 1097-0274 ; 0271-3586
    ISSN (online) 1097-0274
    ISSN 0271-3586
    DOI 10.1002/ajim.23150
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 1605: Show issues Location:
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    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  5. Article: Racial Capitalism Within Public Health-How Occupational Settings Drive COVID-19 Disparities

    McClure, Elizabeth S / Vasudevan, Pavithra / Bailey, Zinzi / Patel, Snehal / Robinson, Whitney R

    Am J Epidemiol

    Abstract: Epidemiology of the US coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak focuses on individuals' biology and behaviors, despite centrality of occupational environments in the viral spread. This demonstrates collusion between epidemiology and racial capitalism ...

    Abstract Epidemiology of the US coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak focuses on individuals' biology and behaviors, despite centrality of occupational environments in the viral spread. This demonstrates collusion between epidemiology and racial capitalism because it obscures structural influences, absolving industries of responsibility for worker safety. In an empirical example, we analyzed economic implications of race-based metrics widely used in occupational epidemiology. In the United States, White adults have better average lung function and worse hearing than Black adults. Impaired lung function and impaired hearing are both criteria for workers' compensation claims, which are ultimately paid by industry. Compensation for respiratory injury is determined using a race-specific algorithm. For hearing, there is no race adjustment. Selective use of race-specific algorithms for workers' compensation reduces industries' liability for worker health, illustrating racial capitalism operating within public health. Widespread and unexamined belief in inherent physiological inferiority of Black Americans perpetuates systems that limit industry payouts for workplace injuries. We see a parallel in the epidemiology of COVID-19 disparities. We tell stories of industries implicated in the outbreak and review how they exemplify racial capitalism. We call on public health professionals to critically evaluate who is served and neglected by data analysis and to center structural determinants of health in etiological evaluation.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #631847
    Database COVID19

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  6. Article ; Online: Racial Capitalism Within Public Health—How Occupational Settings Drive COVID-19 Disparities

    McClure, Elizabeth S / Vasudevan, Pavithra / Bailey, Zinzi / Patel, Snehal / Robinson, Whitney R

    American Journal of Epidemiology

    2020  Volume 189, Issue 11, Page(s) 1244–1253

    Abstract: Abstract Epidemiology of the US coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak focuses on individuals’ biology and behaviors, despite centrality of occupational environments in the viral spread. This demonstrates collusion between epidemiology and racial ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Epidemiology of the US coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak focuses on individuals’ biology and behaviors, despite centrality of occupational environments in the viral spread. This demonstrates collusion between epidemiology and racial capitalism because it obscures structural influences, absolving industries of responsibility for worker safety. In an empirical example, we analyzed economic implications of race-based metrics widely used in occupational epidemiology. In the United States, White adults have better average lung function and worse hearing than Black adults. Impaired lung function and impaired hearing are both criteria for workers’ compensation claims, which are ultimately paid by industry. Compensation for respiratory injury is determined using a race-specific algorithm. For hearing, there is no race adjustment. Selective use of race-specific algorithms for workers’ compensation reduces industries’ liability for worker health, illustrating racial capitalism operating within public health. Widespread and unexamined belief in inherent physiological inferiority of Black Americans perpetuates systems that limit industry payouts for workplace injuries. We see a parallel in the epidemiology of COVID-19 disparities. We tell stories of industries implicated in the outbreak and review how they exemplify racial capitalism. We call on public health professionals to critically evaluate who is served and neglected by data analysis and to center structural determinants of health in etiological evaluation.
    Keywords Epidemiology ; covid19
    Language English
    Publisher Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publishing country uk
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2937-3
    ISSN 1476-6256 ; 0002-9262
    ISSN (online) 1476-6256
    ISSN 0002-9262
    DOI 10.1093/aje/kwaa126
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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