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  1. Article ; Online: Brief Report: Impact of COVID-19 in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Analysis of a National Private Claims Insurance Database.

    Karpur, Arun / Vasudevan, Vijay / Shih, Andy / Frazier, Thomas

    Journal of autism and developmental disorders

    2021  Volume 52, Issue 5, Page(s) 2350–2356

    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a detrimental impact on individuals with disabilities. Data from FAIR Health's FH® NPIC (National Private Insurance Claims) database, one of the nation's largest databases of private insurance claim records, were ... ...

    Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a detrimental impact on individuals with disabilities. Data from FAIR Health's FH® NPIC (National Private Insurance Claims) database, one of the nation's largest databases of private insurance claim records, were analyzed to understand the experiences of individuals with ASD in the COVID-19 pandemic. Multivariate logistic regression models revealed that individuals with ASD + ID were nine times more likely to be hospitalized following COVID-19 infection (OR = 9.3; 95% CI: 6.9-12.5) and were nearly six times more likely to have an elevated length of hospital stay (OR = 5.9; 95% CI: 3.5-10.1) compared to those without ASD + ID. These findings point to the need for prioritizing access to vaccines to prevent COVID-19 infection and morbidities. This is the first study to illustrate a higher likelihood of hospitalization and elevated length of hospital stay from COVID-19 in individuals with ASD and other comorbidities.
    MeSH term(s) Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Humans ; Insurance ; Length of Stay ; Pandemics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 391999-7
    ISSN 1573-3432 ; 0162-3257
    ISSN (online) 1573-3432
    ISSN 0162-3257
    DOI 10.1007/s10803-021-05100-x
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    Zs.A 765: Show issues Location:
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  2. Article ; Online: Food insecurity in households of children with ASD in COVID-19 pandemic: A comparative analysis with the Household Pulse Survey data using stabilized inverse probability treatment weights.

    Karpur, Arun / Vasudevan, Vijay / Frazier, Thomas W / Shih, Andy J

    Disability and health journal

    2022  Volume 15, Issue 3, Page(s) 101323

    Abstract: Background: Before the COVID-19 pandemic, households of children on the autism spectrum were more likely to be food insecure than households of children without disabilities. With the unprecedented social, public health, and economic disruption caused ... ...

    Abstract Background: Before the COVID-19 pandemic, households of children on the autism spectrum were more likely to be food insecure than households of children without disabilities. With the unprecedented social, public health, and economic disruption caused by the pandemic, food insecurity has likely increased among families of children on the autism spectrum.
    Objective: This analysis aims to compare the prevalence of food insecurity between the Autism Speaks' Food Insecurity Survey (ASFIS) administered during the Fall of 2020 and a nationally representative sample from the Household Pulse Survey (HPS) data collected during a similar timeframe.
    Methods: A propensity score analysis was utilized to create stabilized inverse probability treatment weights for adjusting background differences between the two groups. A logistic regression model was computed to estimate the odds of food insecurity in the ASFIS participants compared with those in the HPS data.
    Results: After adjusting for background differences, households of children on the autism spectrum in the ASFIS were about four times more likely to be food insecure than households in the general population contained in the HPS data (OR = 3.7; 95% CI: 3.1-4.4).
    Conclusions: The breakdown of social and economic supports during the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to a significantly higher likelihood of food insecurity among families of children on the autism spectrum.
    MeSH term(s) Autism Spectrum Disorder ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Child ; Disabled Persons ; Food Insecurity ; Food Supply ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Pandemics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2414615-8
    ISSN 1876-7583 ; 1936-6574
    ISSN (online) 1876-7583
    ISSN 1936-6574
    DOI 10.1016/j.dhjo.2022.101323
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  3. Article ; Online: Likelihood of Meeting Physical Activity Guidelines of Veterans Who Are Obese by Disability Status.

    Vasudevan, Vijay / Bouldin, Erin / Bloodworth, Shannon / Rocafort, Linda

    American journal of health promotion : AJHP

    2019  Volume 33, Issue 8, Page(s) 1194–1199

    Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the likelihood of meeting the physical activity guidelines in veterans who are obese by disability status.: Design: We used data from the 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a cross- ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the likelihood of meeting the physical activity guidelines in veterans who are obese by disability status.
    Design: We used data from the 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a cross-sectional telephone survey. The mean response rate was 44.9%.
    Setting: Respondents came from all 50 states, District of Columbia, and 3 US territories.
    Patients: Respondents included veterans self-reporting being obese (N = 13 798).
    Measures: We created a mutually exclusive disability variable: no disability, multiple disability, and limitations only with hearing, vision, cognitive, mobility, Activities of Daily Living, or Instrumental Activities of Daily Living. Physical activity guidelines were defined as 150 minutes/week of aerobic activity and 2 days/week of strength activities.
    Analysis: Prevalence ratios (PRs) were calculated by performing separate log-binomial regression models for meeting strength and aerobic recommendations on veterans who were obese.
    Results: Obese veterans with mobility limitations only or multiple disabilities were significantly less likely to meet the aerobic (PR = 0.74,
    Conclusions: Inactivity could be explained by a lack of inclusive weight loss programs for veterans with disabilities and barriers to physical activity encountered by people with disabilities. Two primary limitations of this study are self-report of obesity and physical activity and exclusion of adults in institutional settings.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Disabled Persons ; Exercise ; Female ; Guideline Adherence ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity ; Population Surveillance ; Sedentary Behavior ; Self Report ; United States ; Veterans ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-07-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 645160-3
    ISSN 2168-6602 ; 0890-1171
    ISSN (online) 2168-6602
    ISSN 0890-1171
    DOI 10.1177/0890117119861565
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    Zs.A 2531: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
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    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  4. Article ; Online: An exploration of healthy eating and physical activity habits of Hmong high-school students by disability status: A pilot study.

    Vasudevan, Vijay / Vang, Pa Der / Fernandez-Baca, Daniel

    Disability and health journal

    2019  Volume 12, Issue 4, Page(s) 694–698

    Abstract: Background: Immigrants are at risk of being obese from obesogenic environments and face factors which limit physical activity and healthy eating. While Hmong immigrants acknowledge the importance of healthy eating and physical activity, to our knowledge ...

    Abstract Background: Immigrants are at risk of being obese from obesogenic environments and face factors which limit physical activity and healthy eating. While Hmong immigrants acknowledge the importance of healthy eating and physical activity, to our knowledge no studies have looked at health promoting behaviors among Hmong adolescents with and without disabilities.
    Objective: In this paper, we seek to provide baseline data about physical activity and healthy eating among Hmong high school students with disabilities in Minnesota.
    Methods: We used data from the 2016 Minnesota Student Survey. The study included responses from 1,824 Hmong high school students. We compared physical activity and healthy eating of Hmong high school students by disability status.
    Results: Approximately 13% of Hmong had a disability (n = 239). A greater percentage of Hmong high school students with disabilities reported zero days of 60 min of physical activity (20.5% vs 14.8%, p < 0.10) and zero days participation in sports teams outside of school (69.0% vs. 64.3%, p < 0.10). Compared to Hmong students without disabilities, a significantly lower percentage of Hmong students with disabilities reported not receiving free/reduced lunch (66.5% vs 73.1%, p < 0.05) and significantly more likely to skip meals because their family did not have enough money (14.2% vs 9.7%, p < 0.05).
    Conclusion: Adolescent Hmong with disabilities encounter both cultural and disability specific factors which could contribute to poorer health promoting behaviors. This study shines light on the need for social policy that promotes disability inclusive, culturally specific health promotion information and advocacy for immigrant youth with disabilities and their families in schools and communities.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Culture ; Diet, Healthy ; Disabled Persons ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Ethnic Groups ; Exercise ; Female ; Habits ; Health Behavior ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Laos/ethnology ; Male ; Minnesota ; Obesity/prevention & control ; Pilot Projects ; Schools ; Students
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-06-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2414615-8
    ISSN 1876-7583 ; 1936-6574
    ISSN (online) 1876-7583
    ISSN 1936-6574
    DOI 10.1016/j.dhjo.2019.06.012
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  5. Article ; Online: Food insecurity in the households of children with autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disabilities in the United States: Analysis of the National Survey of Children's Health Data 2016-2018.

    Karpur, Arun / Vasudevan, Vijay / Lello, Angela / Frazier, Thomas W / Shih, Andy

    Autism : the international journal of research and practice

    2021  Volume 25, Issue 8, Page(s) 2400–2411

    Abstract: Lay abstract: Families of children with autism spectrum disorder are more likely to experience financial strain and resulting food insecurity due to additional cost of care, disparate access to needed services, and loss of income resulting from parental ...

    Abstract Lay abstract: Families of children with autism spectrum disorder are more likely to experience financial strain and resulting food insecurity due to additional cost of care, disparate access to needed services, and loss of income resulting from parental job loss. Utilizing nationally representative data, this analysis indicates that the families of children with autism spectrum disorder and co-occurring intellectual disabilities are twice as likely to experience food insecurity than families of children without disabilities after adjusting for various factors. Several factors, ranging from state-level policies such as Medicaid expansion to individual-level factors such as higher utilization of emergency room services, were associated with the higher prevalence of food insecurity in families of children with autism spectrum disorder and co-occurring intellectual disabilities. Implications of these findings on programs and policies supporting families in the COVID-19 pandemic are discussed.
    MeSH term(s) Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology ; COVID-19 ; Child ; Child Health ; Food Insecurity ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; United States/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1338513-6
    ISSN 1461-7005 ; 1362-3613
    ISSN (online) 1461-7005
    ISSN 1362-3613
    DOI 10.1177/13623613211019159
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    Zs.A 5838: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  6. Article ; Online: Impact of COVID-19 in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Analysis of a National Private Claims Insurance Database

    Karpur, Arun / Vasudevan, Vijay / Shih, Andy J / Frazier, Thomas W

    medRxiv

    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a detrimental impact on individuals with disabilities. Data from FAIR Health FH NPIC (National Private Insurance Claims) database, one of the largest national databases of private insurance claim records, were ... ...

    Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a detrimental impact on individuals with disabilities. Data from FAIR Health FH NPIC (National Private Insurance Claims) database, one of the largest national databases of private insurance claim records, were analyzed to understand the experiences of individuals with ASD in COVID-19 pandemic. Multivariate logistic regression models revealed that individuals with ASD + ID were nine times more likely to be hospitalized (OR = 9.3; 95% CI: 6.9, 12.5) and were nearly six times more likely have an elevated length of hospital stay(OR = 5.9; 95% CI: 3.5, 10.1) compared those without ASD + ID. These findings point to their need for prioritization in access to vaccines for preventing COVID-19 infection and morbidities.
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-05
    Publisher Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
    Document type Article ; Online
    DOI 10.1101/2021.03.31.21254434
    Database COVID19

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  7. Article: Associations between executive functioning, challenging behavior, and quality of life in children and adolescents with and without neurodevelopmental conditions.

    Frazier, Thomas W / Crowley, Ethan / Shih, Andy / Vasudevan, Vijay / Karpur, Arun / Uljarevic, Mirko / Cai, Ru Ying

    Frontiers in psychology

    2022  Volume 13, Page(s) 1022700

    Abstract: The present study sought to clarify the impact of executive and social functioning on challenging behavior and the downstream influence of challenging behavior on quality of life and functioning in a large transdiagnostic sample. Understanding these ... ...

    Abstract The present study sought to clarify the impact of executive and social functioning on challenging behavior and the downstream influence of challenging behavior on quality of life and functioning in a large transdiagnostic sample. Understanding these relationships is crucial for developing and designing tailored intervention strategies. In a cross-sectional study, parent informants of 2,004 children completed measures of executive and social functioning, challenging behavior, child and family quality of life, and reported on functional impacts of challenging behavior. Using structural (path) modeling, analyses evaluated the associations between executive and social functioning, including emotion regulation and risk avoidance, with overall and specific types of challenging behavior. Structural models also examined the influence of challenging behavior on child and family quality of life, including measures of the immediate and extended environment, and functional impacts on the parent/child as well as interactions with the medical/legal systems. Finally, mediational models explored the direct and indirect effects of executive and social functioning on quality of life and impact measures
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-20
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2563826-9
    ISSN 1664-1078
    ISSN 1664-1078
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1022700
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  8. Book ; Online: CoCa

    Yu, Jiahui / Wang, Zirui / Vasudevan, Vijay / Yeung, Legg / Seyedhosseini, Mojtaba / Wu, Yonghui

    Contrastive Captioners are Image-Text Foundation Models

    2022  

    Abstract: Exploring large-scale pretrained foundation models is of significant interest in computer vision because these models can be quickly transferred to many downstream tasks. This paper presents Contrastive Captioner (CoCa), a minimalist design to pretrain ... ...

    Abstract Exploring large-scale pretrained foundation models is of significant interest in computer vision because these models can be quickly transferred to many downstream tasks. This paper presents Contrastive Captioner (CoCa), a minimalist design to pretrain an image-text encoder-decoder foundation model jointly with contrastive loss and captioning loss, thereby subsuming model capabilities from contrastive approaches like CLIP and generative methods like SimVLM. In contrast to standard encoder-decoder transformers where all decoder layers attend to encoder outputs, CoCa omits cross-attention in the first half of decoder layers to encode unimodal text representations, and cascades the remaining decoder layers which cross-attend to the image encoder for multimodal image-text representations. We apply a contrastive loss between unimodal image and text embeddings, in addition to a captioning loss on the multimodal decoder outputs which predicts text tokens autoregressively. By sharing the same computational graph, the two training objectives are computed efficiently with minimal overhead. CoCa is pretrained end-to-end and from scratch on both web-scale alt-text data and annotated images by treating all labels simply as text, seamlessly unifying natural language supervision for representation learning. Empirically, CoCa achieves state-of-the-art performance with zero-shot transfer or minimal task-specific adaptation on a broad range of downstream tasks, spanning visual recognition (ImageNet, Kinetics-400/600/700, Moments-in-Time), crossmodal retrieval (MSCOCO, Flickr30K, MSR-VTT), multimodal understanding (VQA, SNLI-VE, NLVR2), and image captioning (MSCOCO, NoCaps). Notably on ImageNet classification, CoCa obtains 86.3% zero-shot top-1 accuracy, 90.6% with a frozen encoder and learned classification head, and new state-of-the-art 91.0% top-1 accuracy on ImageNet with a finetuned encoder.

    Comment: Preprint
    Keywords Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ; Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Computer Science - Multimedia
    Subject code 006
    Publishing date 2022-05-04
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Book ; Online: When does dough become a bagel? Analyzing the remaining mistakes on ImageNet

    Vasudevan, Vijay / Caine, Benjamin / Gontijo-Lopes, Raphael / Fridovich-Keil, Sara / Roelofs, Rebecca

    2022  

    Abstract: Image classification accuracy on the ImageNet dataset has been a barometer for progress in computer vision over the last decade. Several recent papers have questioned the degree to which the benchmark remains useful to the community, yet innovations ... ...

    Abstract Image classification accuracy on the ImageNet dataset has been a barometer for progress in computer vision over the last decade. Several recent papers have questioned the degree to which the benchmark remains useful to the community, yet innovations continue to contribute gains to performance, with today's largest models achieving 90%+ top-1 accuracy. To help contextualize progress on ImageNet and provide a more meaningful evaluation for today's state-of-the-art models, we manually review and categorize every remaining mistake that a few top models make in order to provide insight into the long-tail of errors on one of the most benchmarked datasets in computer vision. We focus on the multi-label subset evaluation of ImageNet, where today's best models achieve upwards of 97% top-1 accuracy. Our analysis reveals that nearly half of the supposed mistakes are not mistakes at all, and we uncover new valid multi-labels, demonstrating that, without careful review, we are significantly underestimating the performance of these models. On the other hand, we also find that today's best models still make a significant number of mistakes (40%) that are obviously wrong to human reviewers. To calibrate future progress on ImageNet, we provide an updated multi-label evaluation set, and we curate ImageNet-Major: a 68-example "major error" slice of the obvious mistakes made by today's top models -- a slice where models should achieve near perfection, but today are far from doing so.

    Comment: Data and analysis available at https://github.com/google-research/imagenet-mistakes
    Keywords Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
    Subject code 006
    Publishing date 2022-05-09
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: Does the built environment moderate the relationship between having a disability and lower levels of physical activity? A systematic review.

    Eisenberg, Yochai / Vanderbom, Kerri A / Vasudevan, Vijay

    Preventive medicine

    2016  Volume 95S, Page(s) S75–S84

    Abstract: The relationship between the built environment and physical activity has been well documented. However, little is known about how the built environment affects physical activity among people with disabilities, who have disproportionately higher rates of ... ...

    Abstract The relationship between the built environment and physical activity has been well documented. However, little is known about how the built environment affects physical activity among people with disabilities, who have disproportionately higher rates of physical inactivity and obesity. This study is the first systematic review to examine the role of the built environment as a moderator of the relationship between having a disability (physical, sensory or cognitive) and lower levels of physical activity. After conducting an extensive search of the literature published between 1990 and 2015, 2039 articles were screened, 126 were evaluated by abstract and 66 by full text for eligibility in the review. Data were abstracted using a predefined coding guide and synthesized from both qualitative and quantitative studies to examine evidence of moderation. Nine quantitative and six qualitative articles met the inclusion criteria. Results showed that most research to date has been on older adults with physical disabilities. People with disabilities described how aspects of the built environment affect neighborhood walking, suggesting a positive moderating role of features related to safety and aesthetic qualities, such as benches, lighting and stop light timing. There were mixed results among studies that examined the relationship quantitatively. Most of the studies were not designed to appropriately examine moderation. Future research should utilize valid and reliable built environment measures that are more specific to disability and should include people with and without disabilities to allow for testing of moderation of the built environment.
    MeSH term(s) Disabled Persons/psychology ; Disabled Persons/statistics & numerical data ; Environment Design ; Exercise ; Humans ; Mobility Limitation ; Residence Characteristics ; Safety ; Walking/statistics & numerical data
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-07-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 184600-0
    ISSN 1096-0260 ; 0091-7435
    ISSN (online) 1096-0260
    ISSN 0091-7435
    DOI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.07.019
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