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Article ; Online: An ecological approach for skill development and performance in soccer goalkeeper training: Empirical evidence and coaching applications.

Bastias, Elliot / Otte, Fabian W / Vaughan, James / Swainston, Scott / O' Sullivan, Mark

2024 , Page(s) 1–12

Abstract: Ecological approaches in sport consider that athletes adapt to properties of the task and the surrounding environment. Thus, task and environment are key constraints of performance. Yet, the influence of task and environmental constraints on athletes' ... ...

Abstract	Ecological approaches in sport consider that athletes adapt to properties of the task and the surrounding environment. Thus, task and environment are key constraints of performance. Yet, the influence of task and environmental constraints on athletes' performance needs empirical examination, especially in sport-specific contexts such as soccer goalkeeping. This study aimed to examine if and how task and environmental constraints influenced goalkeepers (GKs') performances. We monitored performance coefficients of two professional female GKs across 13 training tasks that varied based on 9 constraints, referring to both interactions among athletes and properties of the surrounding landscape. Results showed that constraints explain ~ 47% of the observed variability in GKs' performances.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-31
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	995528-8
ISSN	1466-447X ; 0264-0414
ISSN (online)	1466-447X
ISSN	0264-0414
DOI	10.1080/02640414.2024.2306449
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Article ; Online: Analysis of the impact of COVID-19 on Scotland's care-homes from March 2020 to October 2021: national linked data cohort analysis.

Burton, Jennifer Kirsty / McMinn, Megan / Vaughan, James E / Nightingale, Glenna / Fleuriot, Jacques / Guthrie, Bruce

Age and ageing

2024 Volume 53, Issue 2

Abstract: Background: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term care residents remains of wide interest, but most analyses focus on the initial wave of infections.: Objective: To examine change over time in: (i) The size, duration, classification and ... ...

Abstract	Background: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term care residents remains of wide interest, but most analyses focus on the initial wave of infections. Objective: To examine change over time in: (i) The size, duration, classification and pattern of care-home outbreaks of COVID-19 and associated mortality and (ii) characteristics associated with an outbreak. Design: Retrospective observational cohort study using routinely-collected data. Setting: All adult care-homes in Scotland (1,092 homes, 41,299 places). Methods: Analysis was undertaken at care-home level, over three periods. Period (P)1 01/03/2020-31/08/2020; P2 01/09/2020-31/05/2021 and P3 01/06/2021-31/10/2021. Outcomes were the presence and characteristics of outbreaks and mortality within the care-home. Cluster analysis was used to compare the pattern of outbreaks. Logistic regression examined care-home characteristics associated with outbreaks. Results: In total 296 (27.1%) care-homes had one outbreak, 220 (20.1%) had two, 91 (8.3%) had three, and 68 (6.2%) had four or more. There were 1,313 outbreaks involving residents: 431 outbreaks in P1, 559 in P2 and 323 in P3. The COVID-19 mortality rate per 1,000 beds fell from 45.8 in P1, to 29.3 in P2, and 3.5 in P3. Larger care-homes were much more likely to have an outbreak, but associations between size and outbreaks were weaker in later periods. Conclusions: COVID-19 mitigation measures appear to have been beneficial, although the impact on residents remained severe until early 2021. Care-home residents, staff, relatives and providers are critical groups for consideration and involvement in future pandemic planning.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/therapy ; Nursing Homes ; Retrospective Studies ; Pandemics ; Semantic Web ; Cohort Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Observational Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	186788-x
ISSN	1468-2834 ; 0002-0729
ISSN (online)	1468-2834
ISSN	0002-0729
DOI	10.1093/ageing/afae015
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Article ; Online: A low-cost process for complete utilization of bauxite residue.

Gao, Shuai / Song, Bing / Wang, Sicheng / Vaughan, James / Zhu, Zhonghua / Peng, Hong

Journal of environmental management

2024 Volume 356, Page(s) 120751

Abstract: Cost-effective treatment or even valorization of the bauxite residue (red mud) from the alumina industry is in demand to improve their environmental and economic liabilities. This study proposes a strategy that provides a near-complete conversion of ... ...

Abstract	Cost-effective treatment or even valorization of the bauxite residue (red mud) from the alumina industry is in demand to improve their environmental and economic liabilities. This study proposes a strategy that provides a near-complete conversion of bauxite residue to valuable products. The first step involves dilute acid leaching, which allowed the fractionation of raw residues into (1) an aqueous fraction rich in silica and aluminium and (2) a solid residue rich in iron, titanium and rare earth elements. For the proposed process, 91% of the original silicon, 67% of the aluminium, 78% of the scandium and 69% of the cerium were recovered. The initial cost evaluation suggested that this approach is profitable with a gross margin of 167 $US per tonne. This "Residue2Product" approach should be considered for large-scale practices as one of the most economical and sustainable solutions to this environmental and economic liability for the alumina industry.
MeSH term(s)	Aluminum Oxide/chemistry ; Aluminum ; Iron ; Titanium ; Water
Chemical Substances	Aluminum Oxide (LMI26O6933) ; Aluminum (CPD4NFA903) ; Iron (E1UOL152H7) ; Titanium (D1JT611TNE) ; Water (059QF0KO0R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	184882-3
ISSN	1095-8630 ; 0301-4797
ISSN (online)	1095-8630
ISSN	0301-4797
DOI	10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120751
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Article ; Online: There is no copy and paste, but there is resonation and inhabitation: Integrating a contemporary player development framework in football from a complexity sciences perspective.

O'Sullivan, Mark / Vaughan, James / Woods, Carl T / Davids, Keith

Journal of sports sciences

2023 , Page(s) 1–10

Abstract: Socio-cultural constraints shape behaviour in complexifying ways. In sport, for example, interconnected constraints play an important role in shaping the way a game is played, coached, and spectated. Here, we contend that player development frameworks in ...

Abstract	Socio-cultural constraints shape behaviour in complexifying ways. In sport, for example, interconnected constraints play an important role in shaping the way a game is played, coached, and spectated. Here, we contend that player development frameworks in sport cannot be operationalised without careful consideration of the complex ecosystem in which they reside. Concurrently, we highlight issues associated with frameworks designed in isolation from the contexts in which they are introduced for integration, guised as trying to "copy and paste" templates from country to country. As such, there is a need to understand the oft-shrouded socio-cultural dynamics that continuously influence practice in order to maximize the utility of player development frameworks in sport. Ecological dynamics offers a complexity-oriented theoretical lens that supports the evolution of context-dependent player development frameworks. Further, tenets of the Learning in Development Research Framework can show how affordances are not just material invitations but constitute a vital component of a broader socio-cultural form of life. These ideas have the potential to: (1) push against a desire to "copy and paste" what is perceived to be "successful" elsewhere, and (2), guide the integration of player development frameworks by learning to resonate with the nuanced complexities of the broader environment inhabited.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	995528-8
ISSN	1466-447X ; 0264-0414
ISSN (online)	1466-447X
ISSN	0264-0414
DOI	10.1080/02640414.2023.2288979
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Article ; Online: Utilising the learning in development research framework in a professional youth football club.

O'Sullivan, Mark / Vaughan, James / Rumbold, James L / Davids, Keith

Frontiers in sports and active living

2023 Volume 5, Page(s) 1169531

Abstract: Underpinned by an ecological dynamics rationale, the Learning in Development Research Framework (LDRF) has been suggested to introduce methodological possibilities to investigate and illuminate: (i) socio-cultural constraints within a sports organization ...

Abstract	Underpinned by an ecological dynamics rationale, the Learning in Development Research Framework (LDRF) has been suggested to introduce methodological possibilities to investigate and illuminate: (i) socio-cultural constraints within a sports organization or club, and (ii), a research gap on the need for a more contemporary framework to guide reliable ways of conducting investigations and designing practical applications. To provide a strong justification for the nature of the fieldwork and methods adopted, we present insights from a 3-year and 5-month study at a professional football club in Sweden that adapted the framework as a central feature of their Department of Methodology for player development. A phronetic iterative approach was employed to analyze the data. The findings highlight the nature of constraints acting over varied timescales, transcending contexts to manifest in other contexts (e.g., practice task designs), influencing events and experiences. This indicated a need to dampen (using probes) the influence of the pervasive organizational "control over context" approaches that were acting as "sticky" socio-cultural constraints, shaping the intentions (in session design) and attention (during practice and performance) of players and coaches. A practical implication is that the LDRF does not prescribe a universal solution to player development. Rather that it can guide how researchers, practitioners, clubs and organisations could challenge themselves to adapt strategies to design contemporary athlete development frameworks within their ecosystem.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2624-9367
ISSN (online)	2624-9367
DOI	10.3389/fspor.2023.1169531
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Article: Effect of Alkalinity on Zeolite LTN Formation under Bayer Process Pre-desilication Conditions

Peng, Hong / Vaughan, James / Vogrin, John

Industrial & engineering chemistry process design and development. 2021 July 09, v. 60, no. 28

2021

Abstract: There is limited research about the formation of zeolite LTN under Bayer process pre-desilication conditions. Here, we report on the effect of alkaline (2–8 M NaOH) and aluminate concentrations (0.125–0.75 M) using 0.1 or 0.2 M soluble silicate with ... ...

Abstract	There is limited research about the formation of zeolite LTN under Bayer process pre-desilication conditions. Here, we report on the effect of alkaline (2–8 M NaOH) and aluminate concentrations (0.125–0.75 M) using 0.1 or 0.2 M soluble silicate with respect to its effect on zeolite crystallization within a pre-desilication time range of 4 h. Whether the LTA or LTN phase forms first is found to depend on both the aluminate and alkaline concentrations. With a 2 M NaOH initial concentration, only an amorphous-to-LTA-phase transformation is observed. For 4 and 6 M NaOH, decreasing the aluminate concentration increases the proportion of the LTN phase compared to that of LTA. The phase transformation between LTA and LTN was also observed. However, only LTN transformed into SOD at 8 M NaOH. Select pure phases obtained from the experiments were characterized by NMR and thermal gravimetry. Amorphous, LTA, and LTN phases transformed into a low-carnegieite phase, while SOD remained unchanged when heated to 850 °C. These findings on zeolite LTN provide information on the further development of the previously proposed Bayer sandy desilication product process.
Keywords	alkalinity ; crystallization ; gravimetry ; process design ; silicates ; zeolites
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0709
Size	p. 10119-10128.
Publishing place	American Chemical Society
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1484436-9
ISSN	1520-5045 ; 0888-5885
ISSN (online)	1520-5045
ISSN	0888-5885
DOI	10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02134
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Novel extraction route of lithium from α-spodumene by dry chlorination

Fosu, Allen Yushark / Kanari, Ndue / Bartier, Danièle / Vaughan, James / Chagnes, Alexandre

RSC advances. 2022 Aug. 02, v. 12, no. 33

2022

Abstract: Processing spodumene for lithium is challenging as it requires a high temperature transformation of the natural α-monoclinic form to β-tetragonal form, usually followed by acid baking and digestion. This three-step extraction process requires significant ...

Abstract	Processing spodumene for lithium is challenging as it requires a high temperature transformation of the natural α-monoclinic form to β-tetragonal form, usually followed by acid baking and digestion. This three-step extraction process requires significant heat energy, acid, process complexity and residence time, leading to both operating and capital costs. An approach which helps to eliminate this challenge will therefore be a milestone in processing spodumene. This study, thus, investigates a direct chlorination of α-spodumene using calcium chloride followed by water leaching of the residue to recover lithium, which reduces the energy requirement and number of unit operations. HSC Chemistry software was used to simulate the process using both phases (α and β) of the mineral up to 1100 °C prior to experimental investigation. The α-form was the only polymorph identified in residues after leaching, suggesting that the extraction is directly from the α-phase. However, an initial formation of a metastable β-form followed by a fast synthesis of lithium chloride from it is also suspected. Under optimal conditions of calcium chloride/spodumene molar ratio of 2.0, and 1000 °C treatment for 60 minutes, almost 90 percent lithium chloride was extracted and 85 percent was recovered to the leach solution with the remainder exiting with the off-gas. An apparent activation energy of about 122 ± 6 kJ mol⁻¹ was obtained at temperatures ranging from 800 to 950 °C during the process.
Keywords	activation energy ; calcium chloride ; capital ; chlorination ; computer software ; digestion ; energy ; heat ; lithium ; lithium chloride ; temperature
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0802
Size	p. 21468-21481.
Publishing place	The Royal Society of Chemistry
Document type	Article
ISSN	2046-2069
DOI	10.1039/d2ra03233c
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Social and Cultural Constraints on Football Player Development in Stockholm: Influencing Skill, Learning, and Wellbeing.

Vaughan, James / Mallett, Clifford J / Potrac, Paul / Woods, Carl / O'Sullivan, Mark / Davids, Keith

Frontiers in sports and active living

2022 Volume 4, Page(s) 832111

Abstract: In this paper, we consider how youth sport and (talent) development environments have adapted to, and are constrained by, social and cultural forces. Empirical evidence from an 18-month ethnographic case study highlights how social and cultural ... ...

Abstract	In this paper, we consider how youth sport and (talent) development environments have adapted to, and are constrained by, social and cultural forces. Empirical evidence from an 18-month ethnographic case study highlights how social and cultural constraints influence the skill development and psychological wellbeing of young football players. We utilized novel ways of knowing (i.e., epistemologies) coupled to ecological frameworks (e.g., the theory of ecological dynamics and the skilled intentionality framework). A transdisciplinary inquiry was used to demonstrate that the values which athletes embody in sports are
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2624-9367
ISSN (online)	2624-9367
DOI	10.3389/fspor.2022.832111
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Article ; Online: Novel extraction route of lithium from α-spodumene by dry chlorination.

Fosu, Allen Yushark / Kanari, Ndue / Bartier, Danièle / Vaughan, James / Chagnes, Alexandre

RSC advances

2022 Volume 12, Issue 33, Page(s) 21468–21481

Abstract	Processing spodumene for lithium is challenging as it requires a high temperature transformation of the natural α-monoclinic form to β-tetragonal form, usually followed by acid baking and digestion. This three-step extraction process requires significant heat energy, acid, process complexity and residence time, leading to both operating and capital costs. An approach which helps to eliminate this challenge will therefore be a milestone in processing spodumene. This study, thus, investigates a direct chlorination of α-spodumene using calcium chloride followed by water leaching of the residue to recover lithium, which reduces the energy requirement and number of unit operations. HSC Chemistry software was used to simulate the process using both phases (α and β) of the mineral up to 1100 °C prior to experimental investigation. The α-form was the only polymorph identified in residues after leaching, suggesting that the extraction is directly from the α-phase. However, an initial formation of a metastable β-form followed by a fast synthesis of lithium chloride from it is also suspected. Under optimal conditions of calcium chloride/spodumene molar ratio of 2.0, and 1000 °C treatment for 60 minutes, almost 90 percent lithium chloride was extracted and 85 percent was recovered to the leach solution with the remainder exiting with the off-gas. An apparent activation energy of about 122 ± 6 kJ mol
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2046-2069
ISSN (online)	2046-2069
DOI	10.1039/d2ra03233c
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Corrigendum to: Care-home outbreaks of COVID-19 in Scotland March to May 2020: National linked data cohort analysis.

Burton, Jennifer Kirsty / McMinn, Megan / Vaughan, James E / Fleuriot, Jacques / Guthrie, Bruce

Age and ageing

2022 Volume 51, Issue 3

Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	186788-x
ISSN	1468-2834 ; 0002-0729
ISSN (online)	1468-2834
ISSN	0002-0729
DOI	10.1093/ageing/afac041
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