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  1. Article ; Online: Efficiency of vanillin in impeding metabolic adaptability and virulence of Candida albicans by inhibiting glyoxylate cycle, morphogenesis, and biofilm formation

    Venkata Saibabu / Zeeshan Fatima / Kamal Ahmad / Luqman Khan / Saif Hameed

    Current Medical Mycology, Vol 6, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2020  Volume 8

    Abstract: Background and Purpose: Candida albicans is the fourth most common cause of nosocomial fungal infections across the world. The current drug regimens are suffering from such drawbacks as drug resistance, toxicity, and costliness; accordingly, they ... ...

    Abstract Background and Purpose: Candida albicans is the fourth most common cause of nosocomial fungal infections across the world. The current drug regimens are suffering from such drawbacks as drug resistance, toxicity, and costliness; accordingly, they highlight the need for the discovery of novel drug agents. The metabolic adaptability under low-carbon conditions and expression of functional virulence traits mark the success of pathogens to cause infection. The metabolic pathways, such as glyoxylate cycle (GC), enable C. albicans to survive under glucose-deficient conditions prevalent in the hostile niche. Therefore, the key enzymes, namely isocitrate lyase (ICL) and malate synthase (MLS), represent attractive agents against C. albicans. Similarly, virulence traits, such as morphogenesis and biofilm formation, are the crucial determinants of C. albicans pathogenicity. Regarding this, the present study was conducted to uncover the role of vanillin (Van), a natural food flavoring agent, in inhibiting GC, yeast-to-hyphal transition, and biofilm formation in human fungal pathogen C. albicans. Materials and Methods: For the determination of hypersensitivity under low-glucose conditions, phenotypic susceptibility assay was utilized. In addition, enzyme activities were estimated based on crude extracts while in-silico binding was confirmed by molecular docking. The assessment of morphogenesis was accomplished using hyphalinducing media, and biofilm formation was estimated using calcofluor staining, MTT assay, and biomass measurement. Additionally, the in vivo efficacy of Van was demonstrated using Caenorhabditis elegans nematode model. Results: Based on the results, Van was found to be a potent GC inhibitor that phenocopied ICL1 deletion mutant and displayed hypersensitivity under low-carbon conditions. Accordingly, Van facilitated the inhibition of ICL and MLS activities in vitro. Molecular docking analyses revealed the in-silico binding affinity of Van with Icl1p and Mls1p. Those analyses were also confirmative of the ...
    Keywords biofilm ; caenorhabditis elegans ; candida ; glyoxylate cycle ; morphogenesis ; vanillin ; Internal medicine ; RC31-1245 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article: Efficiency of vanillin in impeding metabolic adaptability and virulence of

    Venkata, Saibabu / Zeeshan, Fatima / Kamal, Ahmad / Luqman, Ahmad Khan / Saif, Hameed

    Current medical mycology

    2020  Volume 6, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–8

    Abstract: Background and purpose: Candida albicans: Materials and methods: For the determination of hypersensitivity under low-glucose conditions, phenotypic susceptibility assay was utilized. In addition, enzyme activities were estimated based on crude ... ...

    Abstract Background and purpose: Candida albicans
    Materials and methods: For the determination of hypersensitivity under low-glucose conditions, phenotypic susceptibility assay was utilized. In addition, enzyme activities were estimated based on crude extracts while in-silico binding was confirmed by molecular docking. The assessment of morphogenesis was accomplished using hyphal-inducing media, and biofilm formation was estimated using calcofluor staining, MTT assay, and biomass measurement. Additionally, the in vivo efficacy of Van was demonstrated using
    Results: Based on the results, Van was found to be a potent GC inhibitor that phenocopied
    Conclusion: As the findings of the present study indicated, Van is a persuasive natural compound that warrants further attention to exploit its anticandidal potential.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-11
    Publishing country Iran
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3015705-5
    ISSN 2423-3420 ; 2423-3439
    ISSN (online) 2423-3420
    ISSN 2423-3439
    DOI 10.18502/cmm.6.1.2501
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Therapeutic Potential of Dietary Phenolic Acids

    Venkata Saibabu / Zeeshan Fatima / Luqman Ahmad Khan / Saif Hameed

    Advances in Pharmacological Sciences, Vol

    2015  Volume 2015

    Abstract: Although modern lifestyle has eased the quality of human life, this lifestyle’s related patterns have imparted negative effects on health to acquire multiple diseases. Many synthetic drugs are invented during the last millennium but most if not all of ... ...

    Abstract Although modern lifestyle has eased the quality of human life, this lifestyle’s related patterns have imparted negative effects on health to acquire multiple diseases. Many synthetic drugs are invented during the last millennium but most if not all of them possess several side effects and proved to be costly. Convincing evidences have established the premise that the phytotherapeutic potential of natural compounds and need of search for novel drugs from natural sources are of high priority. Phenolic acids (PAs) are a class of secondary metabolites spread throughout the plant kingdom and generally involved in plethora of cellular processes involved in plant growth and reproduction and also produced as defense mechanism to sustain various environmental stresses. Extensive research on PAs strongly suggests that consumption of these compounds hold promise to offer protection against various ailments in humans. This paper focuses on the naturally derived PAs and summarizes the action mechanisms of these compounds during disease conditions. Based on the available information in the literature, it is suggested that use of PAs as drugs is very promising; however more research and clinical trials are necessary before these bioactive molecules can be made for treatment. Finally this review provides greater awareness of the promise that natural PAs hold for use in the disease prevention and therapy.
    Keywords Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 571
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Hindawi Publishing Corporation
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Insights into the intracellular mechanisms of citronellal in Candida albicans

    Venkata Saibabu / Shweta Singh / Moiz A. Ansari / Zeeshan Fatima / Saif Hameed

    Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, Vol 50, Iss 4, Pp 524-529

    implications for reactive oxygen species-mediated necrosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and DNA damage

    Abstract: Abstract INTRODUCTION Citronellal (Cit) possesses antifungal activity and has possible implications for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in Candida albicans. In this study, the effects of Cit on ROS generation and the mechanisms by which Cit ... ...

    Abstract Abstract INTRODUCTION Citronellal (Cit) possesses antifungal activity and has possible implications for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in Candida albicans. In this study, the effects of Cit on ROS generation and the mechanisms by which Cit exerts anti-Candida effects were examined. METHODS A 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate assay was used to assess oxidative damage. Cell necrosis was determined by flow cytometry after FITC-Annexin V staining. Mitochondrial function was studied based on mitochondrial potential, metabolic activity (MTT assay), and phenotypic susceptibility on a non-fermentable carbon source. Membrane intactness and DNA damage were estimated by a propidium iodide (PI) uptake assay and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. RESULTS ROS generation was enhanced in response to Cit, leading to necrosis (2%). Additional hallmarks of cell death in response to Cit, such as mitochondrial membrane depolarization and DNA damage, were also observed. Cit treatment resulted in dysfunctional mitochondria, as evidenced by poor labeling with the mitochondrial membrane potential-sensitive probe rhodamine B, reduced metabolic activity (61.5%), and inhibited growth on a non-fermentable carbon source. Furthermore, Cit induced DNA damage based on DAPI staining. These phenotypes were reinforced by RT-PCR showing differences in gene expression (30-60%) between control and Cit-treated cells. Finally, PI uptake in the presence of sodium azide confirmed non-intact membranes and suggested that Cit activity is independent of the energy status of the cell. CONCLUSIONS Cit possesses dual anticandidal mechanisms, including membrane-disruptive and oxidative damage. Taken together, our data demonstrated that cit could be used as a prominent antifungal drug.
    Keywords Reactive oxygen species ; Necrosis ; Mitochondria ; DNA ; Propidium iodide ; Candida albicans ; Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ; RC955-962
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publisher Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical (SBMT)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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