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Article ; Online: Clinical management of androgen excess and defect in women.

Rosato, Elena / Sciarra, Francesca / Minnetti, Marianna / Degjoni, Anisa / Venneri, Mary Anna

Expert review of endocrinology & metabolism

2024 Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 21–35

Abstract: Introduction: Hyperandrogenism and hypoandrogenism are complex disorders involving multiple-organ systems. While androgen excess is a well-characterized condition, androgen deficiency still needs diagnostic criteria, as there are no specific cutoffs.: ...

Abstract	Introduction: Hyperandrogenism and hypoandrogenism are complex disorders involving multiple-organ systems. While androgen excess is a well-characterized condition, androgen deficiency still needs diagnostic criteria, as there are no specific cutoffs. Areas covered: We highlight the most recent findings on the role of androgens in female pathophysiology, investigating clinically relevant conditions of androgen insufficiency or excess throughout a woman's life, and their possible therapeutic management. Expert opinion: Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) should be considered as first-line therapy for the management of menstrual irregularity and/or clinical hyperandrogenism in adolescents with a clear diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). There are limited evidence-based data regarding specific types or doses of COCs for management of PCOS in women; however, the lowest effective estrogen dose should be considered for treatment. Despite evidence regarding safety, efficacy, and clinical use, testosterone therapy has not been approved for women by most regulatory agencies for treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD). The long-term safety for treatments with testosterone is still to be evaluated, and this review highlights the need for more research in this area.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperandrogenism/drug therapy ; Androgens/therapeutic use ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/complications ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/drug therapy ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/diagnosis ; Testosterone/therapeutic use ; Estrogens
Chemical Substances	Androgens ; Testosterone (3XMK78S47O) ; Estrogens
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	1744-8417
ISSN (online)	1744-8417
DOI	10.1080/17446651.2023.2279537
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Article ; Online: How Food Choices Impact on Male Fertility.

Pecora, Giulia / Sciarra, Francesca / Gangitano, Elena / Venneri, Mary Anna

Current nutrition reports

2023 Volume 12, Issue 4, Page(s) 864–876

Abstract: Purpose of review: Increasing evidence on the significance of nutrition in reproduction is emerging from both animal and human studies, suggesting an association between nutrition and male fertility. Here, we have highlighted the impact of the various ... ...

Abstract	Purpose of review: Increasing evidence on the significance of nutrition in reproduction is emerging from both animal and human studies, suggesting an association between nutrition and male fertility. Here, we have highlighted the impact of the various food groups on reproductive hormones and on spermatogenesis, and the effects of classical and latest dietary patterns such as Mediterranean diet, Western diet, intermittent fasting, ketogenic diet, and vegan/vegetarian diet on male fertility. Recent findings: Nutrients are the precursors of molecules involved in various body's reactions; therefore, their balance is essential to ensure the correct regulation of different systems including the endocrine system. Hormones are strongly influenced by the nutritional status of the individual, and their alteration can lead to dysfunctions or diseases like infertility. In addition, nutrients affect sperm production and spermatogenesis, controlling sexual development, and maintaining secondary sexual characteristics and behaviors. The consumption of fruit, vegetables, fish, processed meats, dairy products, sugars, alcohol, and caffeine importantly impact on male fertility. Among dietary patterns, the Mediterranean diet and the Western diet are most strongly associated with the quality of semen. Nutrients, dietary patterns, and hormonal levels have an impact on male infertility. Therefore, understanding how these factors interact with each other is important for strategies to improve male fertility.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Male ; Humans ; Semen Analysis ; Seeds ; Diet, Mediterranean ; Fertility ; Hormones
Chemical Substances	Hormones
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2161-3311
ISSN (online)	2161-3311
DOI	10.1007/s13668-023-00503-x
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Article ; Online: Once upon a Testis: The Tale of Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase in Testicular Cancers.

Campolo, Federica / Assenza, Maria Rita / Venneri, Mary Anna / Barbagallo, Federica

International journal of molecular sciences

2023 Volume 24, Issue 8

Abstract: Phosphodiesterases are key regulators that fine tune the intracellular levels of cyclic nucleotides, given their ability to hydrolyze cAMP and cGMP. They are critical regulators of cAMP/cGMP-mediated signaling pathways, modulating their downstream ... ...

Abstract	Phosphodiesterases are key regulators that fine tune the intracellular levels of cyclic nucleotides, given their ability to hydrolyze cAMP and cGMP. They are critical regulators of cAMP/cGMP-mediated signaling pathways, modulating their downstream biological effects such as gene expression, cell proliferation, cell-cycle regulation but also inflammation and metabolic function. Recently, mutations in PDE genes have been identified and linked to human genetic diseases and PDEs have been demonstrated to play a potential role in predisposition to several tumors, especially in cAMP-sensitive tissues. This review summarizes the current knowledge and most relevant findings regarding the expression and regulation of PDE families in the testis focusing on PDEs role in testicular cancer development.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Testicular Neoplasms/genetics ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/metabolism ; Cyclic GMP/metabolism
Chemical Substances	diethylstilbestrol monophosphate (47341-71-9) ; Cyclic AMP (E0399OZS9N) ; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases (EC 3.1.4.-) ; Cyclic GMP (H2D2X058MU)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms24087617
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Article ; Online: The Diagnostic Potential of the Human Blood Microbiome: Are We Dreaming or Awake?

Sciarra, Francesca / Franceschini, Edoardo / Campolo, Federica / Venneri, Mary Anna

International journal of molecular sciences

2023 Volume 24, Issue 13

Abstract: Human blood has historically been considered a sterile environment. Recently, a thriving microbiome dominated by Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes phyla was detected in healthy blood. The localization of these microbes is ... ...

Abstract	Human blood has historically been considered a sterile environment. Recently, a thriving microbiome dominated by Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes phyla was detected in healthy blood. The localization of these microbes is restricted to some blood cell populations, particularly the peripheral blood mononuclear cells and erythrocytes. It was hypothesized that the blood microbiome originates from the skin-oral-gut axis. In addition, many studies have evaluated the potential of blood microbiome dysbiosis as a prognostic marker in cardiovascular diseases, cirrhosis, severe liver fibrosis, severe acute pancreatitis, type 2 diabetes, and chronic kidney diseases. The present review aims to summarize current findings and most recent evidence in the field.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Wakefulness ; Acute Disease ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; Pancreatitis ; Microbiota ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Dysbiosis/microbiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-21
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms241310422
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Article ; Online: Gender-Specific Impact of Sex Hormones on the Immune System.

Sciarra, Francesca / Campolo, Federica / Franceschini, Edoardo / Carlomagno, Francesco / Venneri, Mary Anna

International journal of molecular sciences

2023 Volume 24, Issue 7

Abstract: Sex hormones are key determinants of gender-related differences and regulate growth and development during puberty. They also exert a broad range modulation of immune cell functions, and a dichotomy exists in the immune response between the sexes. Both ... ...

Abstract	Sex hormones are key determinants of gender-related differences and regulate growth and development during puberty. They also exert a broad range modulation of immune cell functions, and a dichotomy exists in the immune response between the sexes. Both clinical and animal models have demonstrated that androgens, estrogens, and progestogens mediate many of the gender-specific differences in immune responses, from the susceptibility to infectious diseases to the prevalence of autoimmune disorders. Androgens and progestogens mainly promote immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory effects, whereas estrogens enhance humoral immunity both in men and in women. This study summarizes the available evidence regarding the physiological effects of sex hormones on human immune cell function and the underlying biological mechanisms, focusing on gender differences triggered by different amounts of androgens between males and females.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Animals ; Humans ; Female ; Androgens/pharmacology ; Progestins ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones ; Estrogens/pharmacology ; Immune System ; Sex Characteristics
Chemical Substances	Androgens ; Progestins ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones ; Estrogens
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-27
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms24076302
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Article ; Online: The NO/cGMP/PKG pathway in platelets: The therapeutic potential of PDE5 inhibitors in platelet disorders.

Degjoni, Anisa / Campolo, Federica / Stefanini, Lucia / Venneri, Mary Anna

Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH

2022 Volume 20, Issue 11, Page(s) 2465–2474

Abstract: Platelets are the "guardians" of the blood circulatory system. At sites of vessel injury, they ensure hemostasis and promote immunity and vessel repair. However, their uncontrolled activation is one of the main drivers of thrombosis. To keep circulating ... ...

Abstract	Platelets are the "guardians" of the blood circulatory system. At sites of vessel injury, they ensure hemostasis and promote immunity and vessel repair. However, their uncontrolled activation is one of the main drivers of thrombosis. To keep circulating platelets in a quiescent state, the endothelium releases platelet antagonists including nitric oxide (NO) that acts by stimulating the intracellular receptor guanylyl cyclase (GC). The latter produces the second messenger cyclic guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) that inhibits platelet activation by stimulating protein kinase G, which phosphorylates hundreds of intracellular targets. Intracellular cGMP pools are tightly regulated by a fine balance between GC and phosphodiesterases (PDEs) that are responsible for the hydrolysis of cyclic nucleotides. Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) is a cGMP-specific PDE, broadly expressed in most tissues in humans and rodents. In clinical practice, PDE5 inhibitors (PDE5i) are used as first-line therapy for erectile dysfunction, pulmonary artery hypertension, and lower urinary tract symptoms. However, several studies have shown that PDE5i may ameliorate the outcome of various other conditions, like heart failure and stroke. Interestingly, NO donors and cGMP analogs increase the capacity of anti-platelet drugs targeting the purinergic receptor type Y, subtype 12 (P2Y12) receptor to block platelet aggregation, and preclinical studies have shown that PDE5i inhibits platelet functions. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of PDE5i on platelet activation and aggregation focusing on the therapeutic potential of PDE5i in platelet disorders, and the outcomes of a combined therapy with PDE5i and NO donors to inhibit platelet activation.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Blood Platelets/metabolism ; Cyclic GMP/metabolism ; Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5/metabolism ; Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5/pharmacology ; Guanosine/metabolism ; Guanosine/pharmacology ; Guanylate Cyclase/metabolism ; Guanylate Cyclase/pharmacology ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Donors/metabolism ; Nucleotides, Cyclic/metabolism ; Nucleotides, Cyclic/pharmacology ; Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors/metabolism ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Protein Kinases/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Cyclic GMP (H2D2X058MU) ; Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.11.12) ; Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5 (EC 3.1.4.35) ; Guanosine (12133JR80S) ; Guanylate Cyclase (EC 4.6.1.2) ; Nitric Oxide (31C4KY9ESH) ; Nitric Oxide Donors ; Nucleotides, Cyclic ; Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2112661-6
ISSN	1538-7836 ; 1538-7933
ISSN (online)	1538-7836
ISSN	1538-7933
DOI	10.1111/jth.15844
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Zs.A 5805: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MO 295: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Priming metabolism with the type 5 phosphodiesterase: the role of cGMP-hydrolyzing enzymes.

Campolo, Federica / Pofi, Riccardo / Venneri, Mary Anna / Isidori, Andrea M

Current opinion in pharmacology

2021 Volume 60, Page(s) 298–305

Abstract: The cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling system is one of the most prominent regulators of many physiopathological processes in humans and rodents. It has been strongly established as an accomplished cellular signal involved in the regulation ... ...

Abstract	The cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling system is one of the most prominent regulators of many physiopathological processes in humans and rodents. It has been strongly established as an accomplished cellular signal involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis and cell metabolism, and pharmacological enhancement of cGMP has shown beneficial effects in metabolic disorders models. cGMP intracellular levels are finely regulated by phosphodiesterases (PDEs). The main enzyme responsible for the degradation of cGMP is PDE5. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that PDE5 inhibitors (PDE5i) have beneficial effects on improving insulin resistance and glucose metabolism representing a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of metabolic disorders. This review aims to describe the molecular basis underlying the use of PDE5i to prompt cell metabolism and summarize current clinical trials assessing the effects of PDE5i on glucose metabolism.
MeSH term(s)	Cyclic GMP ; Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5/metabolism ; Humans ; Signal Transduction
Chemical Substances	Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5 (EC 3.1.4.35) ; Cyclic GMP (H2D2X058MU)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2037057-X
ISSN	1471-4973 ; 1471-4892
ISSN (online)	1471-4973
ISSN	1471-4892
DOI	10.1016/j.coph.2021.08.007
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Article ; Online: Revisiting the physiological role of androgens in women.

Rosato, Elena / Sciarra, Francesca / Anastasiadou, Eleni / Lenzi, Andrea / Venneri, Mary Anna

Expert review of endocrinology & metabolism

2022 Volume 17, Issue 6, Page(s) 547–561

Abstract: Introduction: Extensive research underlines the critical functions of androgens in females. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms of their action are poorly understood. Here, we review the existing literature regarding the physiological role of androgens ...

Abstract	Introduction: Extensive research underlines the critical functions of androgens in females. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms of their action are poorly understood. Here, we review the existing literature regarding the physiological role of androgens in women throughout life. Areas covered: Several studies show that androgen receptors (ARs) are broadly expressed in numerous female tissues. They are essential for many physiological processes, including reproductive, sexual, cardiovascular, bone, muscle, and brain health. They are also involved in adipose tissue and liver function. Androgen levels change with the menstrual cycle and decrease in the first decades of life, independently of menopause. Expert opinion: To date, studies are limited by including small numbers of women, the difficulty of dosing androgens, and their cyclical variations. In particular, whether androgens play any significant role in regulating the establishment of pregnancy is poorly understood. The neural functions of ARs have also been investigated less thoroughly, although it is expressed at high levels in brain structures. Moreover, the mechanism underlying the decline of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) with age is unclear. Other factors, including estrogen's effect on adrenal androgen production, reciprocal regulation of ARs, and non-classical effects of androgens, remain to be determined.
MeSH term(s)	Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans ; Androgens ; Dehydroepiandrosterone ; Menopause ; Menstrual Cycle
Chemical Substances	Androgens ; Dehydroepiandrosterone (459AG36T1B)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ISSN	1744-8417
ISSN (online)	1744-8417
DOI	10.1080/17446651.2022.2144834
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Article ; Online: A pathogenic role for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in fibrous dysplasia of bone.

Palmisano, Biagio / Farinacci, Giorgia / Campolo, Federica / Tavanti, Chiara / Stefano, Alessia / Donsante, Samantha / Ippolito, Ernesto / Giannicola, Giuseppe / Venneri, Mary Anna / Corsi, Alessandro / Riminucci, Mara

Bone

2024 Volume 181, Page(s) 117047

Abstract: Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin, expressed in the central nervous system and in peripheral tissues, that is regulated by the Gsα/cAMP pathway. In bone, it regulates osteogenesis and stimulates RANKL secretion and osteoclast ... ...

Abstract	Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin, expressed in the central nervous system and in peripheral tissues, that is regulated by the Gsα/cAMP pathway. In bone, it regulates osteogenesis and stimulates RANKL secretion and osteoclast formation in osteolytic tumors such as Multiple Myeloma. Fibrous dysplasia (FD) of bone is a rare genetic disease of the skeleton caused by gain-of-function mutations of the Gsα gene in which RANKL-dependent enhanced bone resorption is a major cause of bone fragility and clinical morbidity. We observed that BDNF transcripts are expressed in human FD lesions. Specifically, immunolocalization studies performed on biopsies obtained from FD patients revealed the expression of BDNF in osteoblasts and, to a lower extent, in the spindle-shaped cells within the fibrous tissue. Therefore, we hypothesized that BDNF can play a role in the pathogenesis of FD by stimulating RANKL secretion and bone resorption. To test this hypothesis, we used the EF1α-Gsα
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Mice ; Animals ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; Bone and Bones/metabolism ; Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone/genetics ; Osteoclasts/metabolism ; Bone Resorption
Chemical Substances	Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632515-4
ISSN	1873-2763 ; 8756-3282
ISSN (online)	1873-2763
ISSN	8756-3282
DOI	10.1016/j.bone.2024.117047
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Zs.MO 332: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Once-daily, modified-release hydrocortisone in patients with adrenal insufficiency - Authors' reply.

Isidori, Andrea M / Hasenmajer, Valeria / Venneri, Mary Anna

The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology

2018 Volume 6, Issue 4, Page(s) 270–271

MeSH term(s)	Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital ; Adrenal Insufficiency ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone
Chemical Substances	Hydrocortisone (WI4X0X7BPJ)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ISSN	2213-8595
ISSN (online)	2213-8595
DOI	10.1016/S2213-8587(18)30040-8
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