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Article ; Online: Collaboration and topic switches in science.

Venturini, Sara / Sikdar, Satyaki / Rinaldi, Francesco / Tudisco, Francesco / Fortunato, Santo

2024 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 1258

Abstract: Collaboration is a key driver of science and innovation. Mainly motivated by the need to leverage different capacities and expertise to solve a scientific problem, collaboration is also an excellent source of information about the future behavior of ... ...

Abstract	Collaboration is a key driver of science and innovation. Mainly motivated by the need to leverage different capacities and expertise to solve a scientific problem, collaboration is also an excellent source of information about the future behavior of scholars. In particular, it allows us to infer the likelihood that scientists choose future research directions via the intertwined mechanisms of selection and social influence. Here we thoroughly investigate the interplay between collaboration and topic switches. We find that the probability for a scholar to start working on a new topic increases with the number of previous collaborators, with a pattern showing that the effects of individual collaborators are not independent. The higher the productivity and the impact of authors, the more likely their coworkers will start working on new topics. The average number of coauthors per paper is also inversely related to the topic switch probability, suggesting a dilution of this effect as the number of collaborators increases.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-024-51606-6
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Is Pre-Injury Socioeconomic Status Associated With Outcomes in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury? A Systematic Review.

Venturini, Sara / Still, Megan E H / Hutchinson, Peter J / Gwinnutt, James M

Journal of neurotrauma

2024 Volume 41, Issue 7-8, Page(s) 789–806

Abstract: While socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with a variety of health outcomes, the literature on the association between SES and traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcomes has not been formally summarized. This study aims to review existing literature to ... ...

Abstract	While socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with a variety of health outcomes, the literature on the association between SES and traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcomes has not been formally summarized. This study aims to review existing literature to ascertain whether patients with low SES pre-injury have worse clinical outcomes after TBI compared with those with high SES, in high-income countries. A systematic search was conducted using the MEDLINE, Embase, and PsychINFO databases. Observational studies addressing the association between SES and TBI outcomes (mortality, functional, cognitive, and vocational outcomes) were included (published from 2000, written in English). Both pediatric and adult TBI groups were included. Thirty-two studies met the inclusion criteria. Measures of SES varied across studies. Mortality was assessed in seven studies; five reported an association between low SES and higher mortality. Five of eight studies showed an association between low SES and worse functional outcomes; results for cognitive (
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Child ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic/complications ; Social Class ; Hospitalization
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	645092-1
ISSN	1557-9042 ; 0897-7151
ISSN (online)	1557-9042
ISSN	0897-7151
DOI	10.1089/neu.2022.0341
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Article ; Online: Does pre-injury clopidogrel use increase the risk of intracranial haemorrhage post head injury in adult patients? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Moffatt, Samuel / Venturini, Sara / Vulliamy, Paul

Emergency medicine journal : EMJ

2022 Volume 40, Issue 3, Page(s) 175–181

Abstract: Background: Several current guidelines do not include antiplatelet use as an explicit indication for CT scan of the head following head injury. The impact of individual antiplatelet agent use on rates of intracranial haemorrhage is unclear. The primary ... ...

Abstract	Background: Several current guidelines do not include antiplatelet use as an explicit indication for CT scan of the head following head injury. The impact of individual antiplatelet agent use on rates of intracranial haemorrhage is unclear. The primary objective of this systematic review was to assess if clopidogrel monotherapy was associated with traumatic intracranial haemorrhage (tICH) on CT of the head within 24 hours of presentation following head trauma compared with no antithrombotic controls. Methods: Eligible studies were non-randomised studies with participants aged ≥18 years old with head injury. Studies had to have conducted CT of the head within 24 hours of presentation and contain a no antithrombotic control group and a clopidogrel monotherapy group.Eight databases were searched from inception to December 2020. Assessment of identified studies against inclusion criteria and data extraction were carried out independently and in duplicate by two authors.Quality assessment and risk of bias (ROB) were assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment tool and Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model and reported as an OR and 95% CI. Results: Seven studies were eligible for inclusion with a total of 21 898 participants that were incorporated into the meta-analysis. Five studies were retrospective. Clopidogrel monotherapy was not significantly associated with an increase in risk of tICH compared with no antithrombotic controls (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.54 to 1.75). Heterogeneity was high with an I Conclusion: Included studies were vulnerable to confounding and several were small-scale studies. The results should be interpreted with caution given the ROB identified. This study does not provide statistically significant evidence that clopidogrel monotherapy patients are at increased risk of tICH after head injury compared with no antithrombotic controls. Prospero registration number: CRD42020223541.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Adult ; Adolescent ; Clopidogrel ; Retrospective Studies ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; Craniocerebral Trauma/complications ; Intracranial Hemorrhage, Traumatic/chemically induced ; Intracranial Hemorrhage, Traumatic/complications
Chemical Substances	Clopidogrel (A74586SNO7) ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2040124-3
ISSN	1472-0213 ; 1472-0205
ISSN (online)	1472-0213
ISSN	1472-0205
DOI	10.1136/emermed-2021-212225
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Zs.A 1941: Show issues

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Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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Book ; Online: Learning the Right Layers

Venturini, Sara / Cristofari, Andrea / Rinaldi, Francesco / Tudisco, Francesco

a Data-Driven Layer-Aggregation Strategy for Semi-Supervised Learning on Multilayer Graphs

2023

Abstract: Clustering (or community detection) on multilayer graphs poses several additional complications with respect to standard graphs as different layers may be characterized by different structures and types of information. One of the major challenges is to ... ...

Abstract	Clustering (or community detection) on multilayer graphs poses several additional complications with respect to standard graphs as different layers may be characterized by different structures and types of information. One of the major challenges is to establish the extent to which each layer contributes to the cluster assignment in order to effectively take advantage of the multilayer structure and improve upon the classification obtained using the individual layers or their union. However, making an informed a-priori assessment about the clustering information content of the layers can be very complicated. In this work, we assume a semi-supervised learning setting, where the class of a small percentage of nodes is initially provided, and we propose a parameter-free Laplacian-regularized model that learns an optimal nonlinear combination of the different layers from the available input labels. The learning algorithm is based on a Frank-Wolfe optimization scheme with inexact gradient, combined with a modified Label Propagation iteration. We provide a detailed convergence analysis of the algorithm and extensive experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets, showing that the proposed method compares favourably with a variety of baselines and outperforms each individual layer when used in isolation.
Keywords	Computer Science - Machine Learning
Subject code	006
Publishing date	2023-05-31
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Laplacian-based Semi-Supervised Learning in Multilayer Hypergraphs by Coordinate Descent

Venturini, Sara / Cristofari, Andrea / Rinaldi, Francesco / Tudisco, Francesco

2023

Abstract: Graph Semi-Supervised learning is an important data analysis tool, where given a graph and a set of labeled nodes, the aim is to infer the labels to the remaining unlabeled nodes. In this paper, we start by considering an optimization-based formulation ... ...

Abstract	Graph Semi-Supervised learning is an important data analysis tool, where given a graph and a set of labeled nodes, the aim is to infer the labels to the remaining unlabeled nodes. In this paper, we start by considering an optimization-based formulation of the problem for an undirected graph, and then we extend this formulation to multilayer hypergraphs. We solve the problem using different coordinate descent approaches and compare the results with the ones obtained by the classic gradient descent method. Experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets show the potential of using coordinate descent methods with suitable selection rules. Comment: 24 pages, 10 figures
Keywords	Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Computer Science - Discrete Mathematics
Publishing date	2023-01-28
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Optimization of scuba diving activities in a Mediterranean marine protected area based on benthic vulnerability assessment

Betti, Federico / Enrichetti, Francesco / Garetto, Claudia / Merotto, Lorenzo / Cappanera, Valentina / Venturini, Sara / Bavestrello, Giorgio

Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems. 2023 Feb., v. 33, no. 2 p.191-201

2023

Abstract: Scuba diving has become an increasingly popular recreational activity, involving approximately 6 million active divers worldwide. The high frequency of diving can impact the benthic communities of marine protected areas (MPAs), possibly jeopardizing the ... ...

Abstract	Scuba diving has become an increasingly popular recreational activity, involving approximately 6 million active divers worldwide. The high frequency of diving can impact the benthic communities of marine protected areas (MPAs), possibly jeopardizing the beneficial effects of protection. The Portofino MPA, in the Ligurian Sea, is one of the main scuba diving destinations in Europe, with up to 40,000 dives per year concentrated along 6.5 km of coast. The vulnerability of megabenthic (i.e. animals larger than 5 cm) communities to scuba diving impacts was evaluated at four different depths at all MPA diving spots with close attention to the fragility of all observed species, their frequency in the transects and the inclination and type of substrates. The most vulnerable spots lie below 30‐m depth and are characterized by complex coralligenous biocoenoses rich in erect, fragile carbonatic species. The results allowed scuba diving management within the MPA to be optimized. Two main responses have already been put in place: (i) the promotion of a mandatory course for ‘Underwater Environmental Supervisors’ directed at local divemasters, instructors and owners of diving centres; and (ii) the proposal for the application of conservation measures to scuba diving activities.
Keywords	biocenosis ; coasts ; freshwater ; marine protected areas ; risk assessment ; Europe
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-02
Size	p. 191-201.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	1146285-1
ISSN	1052-7613
ISSN	1052-7613
DOI	10.1002/aqc.3918
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Book ; Online: Collaboration and topic switches in science

Venturini, Sara / Sikdar, Satyaki / Rinaldi, Francesco / Tudisco, Francesco / Fortunato, Santo

2023

Abstract	Collaboration is a key driver of science and innovation. Mainly motivated by the need to leverage different capacities and expertise to solve a scientific problem, collaboration is also an excellent source of information about the future behavior of scholars. In particular, it allows us to infer the likelihood that scientists choose future research directions via the intertwined mechanisms of selection and social influence. Here we thoroughly investigate the interplay between collaboration and topic switches. We find that the probability for a scholar to start working on a new topic increases with the number of previous collaborators, with a pattern showing that the effects of individual collaborators are not independent. The higher the productivity and the impact of authors, the more likely their coworkers will start working on new topics. The average number of coauthors per paper is also inversely related to the topic switch probability, suggesting a dilution of this effect as the number of collaborators increases. Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures, and 6 tables
Keywords	Physics - Physics and Society ; Computer Science - Social and Information Networks
Subject code	001
Publishing date	2023-04-13
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Development, implementation and validation of resource-stratified guidelines in low-income and middle-income countries: a scoping review protocol.

Griswold, Dylan / Venturini, Sara / Carney, Nancy / Rubiano, Andres M / Hutchinson, Peter John / Kolias, Angelos G

BMJ open

2022 Volume 12, Issue 9, Page(s) e059603

Abstract: Introduction: Nearly every field of medicine has some form of clinical practice guidelines. However, only within the past 5-10 years has the medical community acknowledged the need for well-developed guidelines tailored to the local healthcare needs and ...

Abstract	Introduction: Nearly every field of medicine has some form of clinical practice guidelines. However, only within the past 5-10 years has the medical community acknowledged the need for well-developed guidelines tailored to the local healthcare needs and the resources available. In most low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), healthcare workers depend on guidelines developed in high-income countries (HICs), yet many interventions validated in a HIC are ineffective when implemented in an LMIC. The variation in infrastructure, medical personnel, technology and environmental conditions exhibited in LMICs relative to HICs necessitates a careful appraisal of the evidence base used in clinical guideline recommendations. This review aims to map the use of resource-stratified guidelines across all fields of medicine. The review seeks to answer three questions for the identified guidelines: (1) what was the method of development, (2) have they been implemented and, if so, (3) have they been validated. Methods: The search strategy will aim to locate studies from inception to November 2021. An initial limited search of PubMed and Scopus was undertaken to identify articles on the topic. The text words contained in the titles and abstracts of relevant articles, and the index terms used to describe the articles were used to develop a full search strategy for PubMed and Scopus. This scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for scoping reviews. Data to be extracted from each study will include population characteristics of both developers and intended implementation population, medical specialty, validation status, method of guideline development, whether the study is consensus or evidence-based in addition to a summary of recommendations for practice. Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval is not required for this review. The plan for dissemination is to publish review findings in a peer-reviewed journal.
MeSH term(s)	Delivery of Health Care/methods ; Developing Countries ; Humans ; Income ; Poverty ; Research Design ; Review Literature as Topic
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2599832-8
ISSN	2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
ISSN (online)	2044-6055
ISSN	2044-6055
DOI	10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059603
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Evaluating the effectiveness and the impact of donated neurosurgical equipment on neurosurgical units in low and middle income countries: the WFNS experience.

Venturini, Sara / Park, Kee B

World neurosurgery

2017

Abstract: Background: Surgical practice highly depends on the availability of surgical equipment; this is particularly relevant to low and middle income countries (LMICs), where resources are limited. A key part of the efforts to improve surgical provision ... ...

Abstract	Background: Surgical practice highly depends on the availability of surgical equipment; this is particularly relevant to low and middle income countries (LMICs), where resources are limited. A key part of the efforts to improve surgical provision globally include providing affordable equipment to LMICs; however, the effectiveness and the impact of these initiatives has not yet been assessed. We aim to evaluate the WFNS neurosurgical equipment program in this context. Methods: Recipients were identified from the WFNS records; contact details were gathered. An online survey was used to collect data on equipment, including its current use, any malfunctioning issues, suitability, reliability, serviceability, and the impact it has had on the unit. Results: Responses were received from 16 units, totalling 28 pieces of equipment. 75% of the equipment is still in use; of this 57% is fully functioning, 43% is used despite some malfunction. 25% of the equipment is broken and unusable; high maintenance items such as high speed drills feature in this category (100% broken, n=3). Units reported an increase in number of operation performed in 74% cases, improved surgery quality in 78%, and breadth of operations in 44%. Satisfaction, equipment suitability, reliability and serviceability scored highly, with median values of 9 for all fields on a 10-point scale. Conclusions: Equipment donation positively impacts neurosurgical units in LMICs by allowing expansion of neurosurgical practice, improved safety and quality, and affordability. Adequate follow-up, considerations regarding equipment durability and maintenance needs, and improved support for repairs should be prioritised to ensure maximal benefit.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-09-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2534351-8
ISSN	1878-8769 ; 1878-8750
ISSN (online)	1878-8769
ISSN	1878-8750
DOI	10.1016/j.wneu.2017.09.117
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Article: Sustainable management accounting model of recreational boating anchoring in Marine Protected Areas

Dapueto, Giulia / Massa, Francesco / Pergent-Martini, Christine / Povero, Paolo / Rigo, Ilaria / Vassallo, Paolo / Venturini, Sara / Paoli, Chiara

Journal of cleaner production. 2022 Mar. 15, v. 342

2022

Abstract: Recreational boating is a worldwide leisure activity playing an important role in the context of coastal economy but also causing significant damage on the environment, above all in the absence of adequate management measures. Among the damages, the ... ...

Abstract	Recreational boating is a worldwide leisure activity playing an important role in the context of coastal economy but also causing significant damage on the environment, above all in the absence of adequate management measures. Among the damages, the anchoring on sensitive habitats, with the consequent loss of structural complexity, density, cover and specific richness, is widely reckoned and its consequences are long lasting and evident. The aim of this work is to provide an environmentally focused accounting model (SAILOR) to evaluate the net impact of anchoring on sensitive habitats. In this research SAILOR model has been tested on Posidonia oceanica, one among the most vulnerable in Mediterranean. An innovative approach is proposed in order to develop sustainable management strategies for recreational boating in MPAs in the framework of a very strong sustainability. In particular, it starts from the assessment of the natural capital of P. oceanica with the purpose to keep it at least intact. The model procedure is defined considering factors that affect the anchoring damage: type of habitats, seabed compactness, number and size of boats, type of anchor. Considering these data, the net impact is evaluated as surfaces and natural capital (emergy analysis) balancing the anchoring damage and the regenerative capacity. Being recreational boating spatially distributed, the model outputs the results both as values and sustainability maps at different spatial level (overall MPA, protection zones and even smaller), according to management needs. In this way, MPA managers can quickly and easily understand the sustainability status of the MPA, identify suffering areas in order to establish ad hoc actions and develop alternative scenarios. The model, based on a generalized and iterable procedure applicable to any area, is tested on Portofino MPA (Italy): the annual average net impact is 279 m² (equivalent to 1.51E+11 sej and 1′577 em€ of natural capital), eroding the 0.089% of P. oceanica in the anchorable areas.
Keywords	Posidonia oceanica ; emergy ; models ; natural capital ; Italy
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0315
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ISSN	0959-6526
DOI	10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.130905
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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