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  1. Article ; Online: Hypertrophy of unaffected cardiomyocytes correlates with severity of cardiomyopathy in female patients with Fabry disease.

    Chimenti, Cristina / Verardo, Romina / Frustaci, Andrea

    Orphanet journal of rare diseases

    2021  Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) 169

    Abstract: Aim: To investigate the contribution of unaffected cardiomyocytes in Fabry disease cardiomyopathy.: Findings: Left ventricular (LV) endomyocardial biopsies from twenty-four females (mean age 53 ± 11 ys) with Fabry disease cardiomyopathy were studied. ...

    Abstract Aim: To investigate the contribution of unaffected cardiomyocytes in Fabry disease cardiomyopathy.
    Findings: Left ventricular (LV) endomyocardial biopsies from twenty-four females (mean age 53 ± 11 ys) with Fabry disease cardiomyopathy were studied. Diagnosis of FD was based on the presence of pathogenic GLA mutation, Patients were divided in four groups according with LV maximal wall thickness (MWT): group 1 MWT ≤ 10.5 mm, group 2 MWT 10.5-15 mm, group 3 MWT 16-20 mm, group 4 MWT > 20 mm. At histology mosaic of affected and unaffected cardiomyocytes was documented. Unaffected myocytes' size ranged from normal to severe hypertrophy. Hypertrophy of unaffected cardiomyocytes correlated with severity of MWT (p < 0.0001, Sperman r 0,95). Hypertrophy of unaffected myocytes appear to concur to progression and severity of FDCM. It is likely a paracrine role from neighboring affected myocytes.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Cardiomyopathies ; Fabry Disease/genetics ; Female ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; Middle Aged ; Myocytes, Cardiac
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1750-1172
    ISSN (online) 1750-1172
    DOI 10.1186/s13023-021-01803-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy caused by Fabry disease: implications for surgical myectomy.

    Frustaci, Andrea / Borghetti, Valentino / Pentiricci, Samuele / Verardo, Romina / Scialla, Rossella / Russo, Matteo Antonio

    ESC heart failure

    2023  Volume 10, Issue 6, Page(s) 3710–3713

    Abstract: Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy can be the phenotype of storage disorders as Fabry disease cardiomyopathy. In this instance, its recognition through GLA gene analysis and preventive administration of enzyme replacement therapy may reduce heart ... ...

    Abstract Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy can be the phenotype of storage disorders as Fabry disease cardiomyopathy. In this instance, its recognition through GLA gene analysis and preventive administration of enzyme replacement therapy may reduce heart failure risk of surgical septal myectomy (SSM). A 59-year-old man was referred for SSM as dyspnoea and low threshold muscle fatigue associated to severe left ventricular outflow obstruction (gradient of 100 mmHg) due to both interventricular septal hypertrophy and mitral leaflet systolic anterior motion were not controlled by metoprolol 100 mg bid. Electrocardiogram showed sinus rhythm and a complete left bundle branch block. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showed a preserved left ventricular (LV) contractility (ejection fraction 70%) but failed to reveal reduced T1 mapping and fibrosis of postero-lateral LV wall suggesting Fabry disease cardiomyopathy. Cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography documented increased LV end-diastolic pressure but normal coronary arteries. SSM was followed by acute renal and heart failure with left ventricular ejection fraction declining to 35%. Histology of SSM showed regularly arranged severely enlarged cardiomyocytes containing extensive vacuoles that were intensely positive to immunofluorescence with anti-Gb3 antibodies and appeared at electron microscopy to consist of myelin bodies suggesting the diagnosis of FD. This entity was confirmed by low blood levels of alpha-galactosidase A (0.8 nmol/mL/h; NV > 1), high values of Lyso-Gb3 (5.85 nmol/L; NV < 2.3), and the presence of the pathogenic mutation c.644A>G in the exon 5 of GLA gene. This study emphasizes the importance of a genetic screening for FD before SSM be considered for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Fabry Disease/complications ; Fabry Disease/diagnosis ; Stroke Volume ; Ventricular Function, Left ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/complications ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/diagnosis ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/pathology ; Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology ; Heart Failure
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2814355-3
    ISSN 2055-5822 ; 2055-5822
    ISSN (online) 2055-5822
    ISSN 2055-5822
    DOI 10.1002/ehf2.14427
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  3. Article: Circulating Anti-GB3 Antibody as a Biomarker of Myocardial Inflammation in Patients with Fabry Disease Cardiomyopathy.

    Frustaci, Andrea / Verardo, Romina / Magnocavallo, Michele / Scialla, Rossella / Sansone, Luigi / Russo, Matteo Antonio

    Journal of clinical medicine

    2023  Volume 12, Issue 12

    Abstract: Background: Fabry disease cardiomyopathy (FDCM) has manifested some resistance to enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), particularly in its advanced phase. Recently, myocardial inflammation of autoimmune origin has been demonstrated in FDCM.: Aims: The ... ...

    Abstract Background: Fabry disease cardiomyopathy (FDCM) has manifested some resistance to enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), particularly in its advanced phase. Recently, myocardial inflammation of autoimmune origin has been demonstrated in FDCM.
    Aims: The objective of this study was the assessment of circulating anti-globotriaosylceramide (GB3) antibodies as potential biomarkers of myocardial inflammation in FDCM, defined by the additional presence of ≥CD3+ 7 T lymphocytes/low-power field associated with focal necrosis of adjacent myocytes. Its sensitivity was based on the evidence of overlapping myocarditis at left ventricular endomyocardial biopsy.
    Methods and results: From January 1996 to December 2021, 85 patients received a histological diagnosis of FDCM in our department and 48 (56.5%) of them had an overlapping myocardial inflammation with negative PCR for common cardiotropic viruses, positive antiheart, and antimyosin abs. The presence of anti-GB3 antibodies was evaluated with an in-house ELISA assay (BioGeM scarl Medical Investigational Research, MIR-Ariano Irpino, Italy), along with antiheart and antimyosin abs, in the FDCM patients and compared with control healthy individuals. The correlation between levels of circulating anti-GB3 autoantibody myocardial inflammation and FDCM severity was assessed. Anti-Gb3 antibodies were above the positivity cut-off in 87.5% of FDCM subjects with myocarditis (42 out of 48), while 81.1% of FDCM patients without myocarditis were identified as negative for Gb3 antibodies. Positive anti-Gb3 abs correlated with positive antiheart and antimyosin abs.
    Conclusions: The present study suggests a potential positive role of anti-GB3 antibodies as a marker of overlapping cardiac inflammation in patients with FDCM.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-15
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2662592-1
    ISSN 2077-0383
    ISSN 2077-0383
    DOI 10.3390/jcm12124068
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  4. Article: Inflammation of Conduction Tissue in Patients with Arrhythmic Phenotype of Myocarditis.

    Frustaci, Andrea / Verardo, Romina / Alfarano, Maria / Chimenti, Cristina

    Journal of clinical medicine

    2020  Volume 9, Issue 11

    Abstract: Background: Myocarditis can manifest with lone ventricular tachyarrhythmias (LVT). Elective inflammation of conduction tissue (CT) is supposed but unproved.: Methods: Forty-two of 420 patients with biopsy proven myocarditis presented with LVT. Twelve ...

    Abstract Background: Myocarditis can manifest with lone ventricular tachyarrhythmias (LVT). Elective inflammation of conduction tissue (CT) is supposed but unproved.
    Methods: Forty-two of 420 patients with biopsy proven myocarditis presented with LVT. Twelve of them included CT sections in endomyocardial biopsies. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for viral genomes, immunohistochemistry for viral antigens and Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) were performed. Twelve myocarditis patients with infarct-like or cardiomyopathic phenotype and CT included in tissue section were used as controls.
    Results: Four of the 12 patients presented non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (nsVT), six with sustained ventricular tachycardia (sVT), two with ventricular fibrillation. CT was inflamed in all LVT patients and not in controls (
    Conclusions: Arrhythmic phenotype of myocarditis is associated with CT inflammation/infection. Molecular characterization of CT damage may lead to pharmacologic control of arrhythmias in 75% of cases.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-29
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2662592-1
    ISSN 2077-0383
    ISSN 2077-0383
    DOI 10.3390/jcm9113470
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Hypersensitivity Myocarditis after COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination.

    Frustaci, Andrea / Verardo, Romina / Galea, Nicola / Lavalle, Carlo / Bagnato, Giulia / Scialla, Rossella / Chimenti, Cristina

    Journal of clinical medicine

    2022  Volume 11, Issue 6

    Abstract: Background: Myocarditis, even in a severe and lethal form, may occur after COVID-19 mRNA (BNT162b2) vaccination. However, its pathway, morphomolecular characterization and treatment are still unknown.: Methods: Routine hematochemical screening, ECG, ... ...

    Abstract Background: Myocarditis, even in a severe and lethal form, may occur after COVID-19 mRNA (BNT162b2) vaccination. However, its pathway, morphomolecular characterization and treatment are still unknown.
    Methods: Routine hematochemical screening, ECG, Holter monitoring, 2D echocardiogram cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and invasive cardiac studies (cardiac catheterization, selective coronary angiography, left ventriculography and left ventricular endomyocardial biopsy) are reported from three patients (39F-pt1, 78M-pt2, 52M-pt3) with severe compromise of conduction tissue (junctional rhythm and syncope, pt1) or cardiac function compromise (LVEF ≤ 35%, pt2 and pt3) after COVID-19 mRNA (BNT162b2).
    Results: Hematochemical data and coronary angiography were normal in the patients studied. Histology showed in all three patients extensive myocardial infiltration of degranulated eosinophils and elevation of serum cationic protein directly responsible for cardiomyocyte damage. These findings demonstrate myocarditis hypersensitivity to some component of the vaccine (spike protein?) acting as a hapten to some macromolecules of cardiomyocytes. Steroid administration (prednisone, 1 mg/kg die for 3 days, followed by 0.33 mg/kg for 4 weeks) was followed by complete recovery of cardiac contractility in pt2 and pt3.
    Conclusions: Eosinophilic myocarditis is a possible adverse reaction to the mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Its pathway is mediated by release of cationic protein and responds to short courses of steroid administration.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-16
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2662592-1
    ISSN 2077-0383
    ISSN 2077-0383
    DOI 10.3390/jcm11061660
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Hypersensitivity Myocarditis Following Deferasirox Administration.

    Frustaci, Andrea / Verardo, Romina / Labbadia, Giancarlo / Menafra, Vito / Galea, Nicola / Antonio Russo, Matteo

    Circulation. Cardiovascular imaging

    2022  Volume 15, Issue 2, Page(s) e013702

    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Biopsy ; Deferasirox/adverse effects ; Drug Hypersensitivity/diagnosis ; Drug Hypersensitivity/etiology ; Echocardiography ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Humans ; Iron Chelating Agents/adverse effects ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine/methods ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes/drug therapy ; Myocarditis/chemically induced ; Myocarditis/diagnosis ; Myocardium/pathology
    Chemical Substances Iron Chelating Agents ; Deferasirox (V8G4MOF2V9)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Video-Audio Media
    ZDB-ID 2435045-X
    ISSN 1942-0080 ; 1941-9651
    ISSN (online) 1942-0080
    ISSN 1941-9651
    DOI 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.121.013702
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  7. Article: Infiltration of Conduction Tissue Is a Major Cause of Electrical Instability in Cardiac Amyloidosis.

    Frustaci, Andrea / Verardo, Romina / Russo, Matteo Antonio / Caldarulo, Marina / Alfarano, Maria / Galea, Nicola / Miraldi, Fabio / Chimenti, Cristina

    Journal of clinical medicine

    2023  Volume 12, Issue 5

    Abstract: Background: The pathology of conduction tissue (CT) and relative arrhythmias in living subjects with cardiac amyloid have never been reported.: Aims: To report CT pathology and its arrhythmic correlations in human cardiac amyloidosis.: Methods and ... ...

    Abstract Background: The pathology of conduction tissue (CT) and relative arrhythmias in living subjects with cardiac amyloid have never been reported.
    Aims: To report CT pathology and its arrhythmic correlations in human cardiac amyloidosis.
    Methods and results: In 17 out of 45 cardiac amyloid patients, a left ventricular endomyocardial biopsy included conduction tissue sections. It was identified by Aschoff-Monckeberg histologic criteria and positive immunostaining for HCN4. The degree of conduction tissue infiltration was defined as mild when ≤30%, moderate when 30-70% and severe when >70% cell area was replaced. Conduction tissue infiltration was correlated with ventricular arrhythmias, maximal wall thickness and type of amyloid protein. Mild involvement was observed in five cases, moderate in three and severe in nine. Involvement was associated with a parallel infiltration of conduction tissue artery. Conduction infiltration correlated with the severity of arrhythmias (Spearman rho = 0.8,
    Conclusions: Amyloid-associated cardiac arrhythmias correlate with the extent of conduction tissue infiltration. Its involvement is independent from type and severity of amyloidosis, suggesting a variable affinity of amyloid protein to conduction tissue.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-23
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2662592-1
    ISSN 2077-0383
    ISSN 2077-0383
    DOI 10.3390/jcm12051798
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  8. Article: Novel Genetic Microvascular Dysplasia Causing Hypoperfusion of Cardiac, Renal, and Cerebral Circulation.

    Frustaci, Andrea / Cianci, Rosario / Verardo, Romina / Cerbelli, Bruna / D'Asdia, Maria Cecilia / De Luca, Alessandro

    Journal of clinical medicine

    2023  Volume 12, Issue 22

    Abstract: Background: Microvascular disorders represent an uncommon site of tissue hypo-perfusion and damage. Various genetic and acquired causes can be involved. A 65-year-old man was admitted because of refractory angina, which he had had since the age of 30 ... ...

    Abstract Background: Microvascular disorders represent an uncommon site of tissue hypo-perfusion and damage. Various genetic and acquired causes can be involved. A 65-year-old man was admitted because of refractory angina, which he had had since the age of 30 years, micro-hematuria, and recurrent transitory ischemic attacks from the age of 64.
    Methods: Hematochemical studies, ECG, Holter monitoring, 2D-echo, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), CTA of cerebral vessels, endomyocardial coronary angiography, and kidney biopsy processes were undertaken. Gene mutation analysis was conducted using next-generation sequencing, which included more than 5000 genes associated with inherited diseases.
    Results: Hematochemical findings were unremarkable. The ECG, Holter, 2D-echo, and CTA of brain vessels were normal. Cerebral magnetic resonance showed the presence of multiple small foci of ischemia. Coronary and ventricular angiography showed normal arteries with remarkably slow flow and multiple biventricular micro-aneurysms. At the endomyocardial biopsy, five of seven arterioles presented severe lumen obstruction due to hypertrophy and disarray of the muscular coat. Similarly, obstructed pre-glomerular arteries with glomerular sclerosis were seen at the renal biopsy. Genetics identified mutations in the ABCC6, MMP2, and XYLT1 genes, which play pivotal roles in the extracellular matrix.
    Conclusion: This study described a new genetic microvascular obstructive disease causing progressive hypo-perfusion of the human brain, heart, and kidney.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-17
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2662592-1
    ISSN 2077-0383
    ISSN 2077-0383
    DOI 10.3390/jcm12227150
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  9. Article: Interleukin-17A-Correlated Myocarditis in Patients with Psoriasis: Cardiac Recovery following Secukinumab Administration.

    Frustaci, Andrea / Galea, Nicola / Dominici, Lorenzo / Verardo, Romina / Alfarano, Maria / Scialla, Rossella / Richetta, Antonio Giovanni

    Journal of clinical medicine

    2023  Volume 12, Issue 12

    Abstract: 1) Background: Psoriasis (PS) is a common immune-mediated disease of the skin with possible extension to joints, aorta and eye. Myocardial inflammation has rarely been suggested. (2) Aims: Report of PS-related myocarditis. (3) Methods and Results: One ... ...

    Abstract (1) Background: Psoriasis (PS) is a common immune-mediated disease of the skin with possible extension to joints, aorta and eye. Myocardial inflammation has rarely been suggested. (2) Aims: Report of PS-related myocarditis. (3) Methods and Results: One hundred consecutive patients with PS were screened for cardiac involvement. Among them, five male patients (aged 56 ± 9.5 years) with a moderate-severe form of PS showed dilated cardiomyopathy (LVEF < 35%) with normal coronary arteries and valves. They underwent a left-ventricular endomyocardial biopsy for evaluation of myocardial substrate. Endomyocardial samples were processed for histology and immunohistochemistry, including myocardial expression of Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) and interleukin-17A (IL-17A), which play a major role in PS pathogenesis. Real-time PCRs were carried out for cardiotropic viruses, and Western blot analysis was conducted for myocardial expression of IL-17A. Patients' sera were tested for anti-heart autoantibodies. Active lymphocytic myocarditis was revealed in all five patients, characterized by an absence of viral genomes with PCR, positive anti-heart autoantibodies, overexpression of TLR-4 and enhancement of IL-17-A during western blot analysis, showing a 2.48-fold increase in psoriatic myocarditis compared with no psoriatic myocarditis and a six-fold increase compared to myocardial controls. Treatment included combination of prednisone (1 mg/kg daily for 4 weeks, tapered to 0.33 mg/kg) and azathioprine (2 mg/kg, daily) in 3 pts or secukinumab (SK, 150 mg/weekly for 4 weeks followed by 150 mg/monthly) in 2 pts for 6 months. LVEDD and LVEF improved in the first 3 pts (-14% and + 118%, respectively), while they completely recovered (LVEF > 50%) in the last 2 pts on SK. (4) Conclusions: IL-17A-related myocarditis can occur in up to 5% of patients with PS. It manifests as progressive dilated cardiomyopathy. It may completely recover following SK administration.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-12
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2662592-1
    ISSN 2077-0383
    ISSN 2077-0383
    DOI 10.3390/jcm12124010
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  10. Article ; Online: Long-Term Clinical-Pathologic Results of Enzyme Replacement Therapy in Prehypertrophic Fabry Disease Cardiomyopathy.

    Frustaci, Andrea / Verardo, Romina / Galea, Nicola / Alfarano, Maria / Magnocavallo, Michele / Marchitelli, Livia / Sansone, Luigi / Belli, Manuel / Cristina, Mario / Frustaci, Emanuela / Russo, Matteo Antonio / Chimenti, Cristina

    Journal of the American Heart Association

    2024  Volume 13, Issue 8, Page(s) e032734

    Abstract: Background: The limited ability of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) in removing globotriaosylceramide from cardiomyocytes is recognized for advanced Fabry disease cardiomyopathy (FDCM). Prehypertrophic FDCM is believed to be cured or stabilized by ERT. ... ...

    Abstract Background: The limited ability of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) in removing globotriaosylceramide from cardiomyocytes is recognized for advanced Fabry disease cardiomyopathy (FDCM). Prehypertrophic FDCM is believed to be cured or stabilized by ERT. However, no pathologic confirmation is available. We report here on the long-term clinical-pathologic impact of ERT on prehypertrophic FDCM.
    Methods and results: Fifteen patients with Fabry disease with left ventricular maximal wall thickness ≤10.5 mm at cardiac magnetic resonance required endomyocardial biopsy because of angina and ventricular arrhythmias. Endomyocardial biopsy showed coronary small-vessel disease in the angina cohort, and vacuoles in smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes ≈20% of the cell surface containing myelin bodies at electron microscopy. Patients received α-agalsidase in 8 cases, and β-agalsidase in 7 cases. Both groups experienced symptom improvement except 1 patients treated with α-agalsidase and 1 treated with β-agalsidase. After ERT administration ranging from 4 to 20 years, all patients had control cardiac magnetic resonance and left ventricular endomyocardial biopsy because of persistence of symptoms or patient inquiry on disease resolution. In 13 asymptomatic patients with FDCM, left ventricular maximal wall thickness and left ventricular mass, cardiomyocyte diameter, vacuole surface/cell surface ratio, and vessels remained unchanged or minimally increased (left ventricular mass increased by <2%) even after 20 years of observation, and storage material was still present at electron microscopy. In 2 symptomatic patients, FDCM progressed, with larger and more engulfed by globotriaosylceramide myocytes being associated with myocardial virus-negative lymphocytic inflammation.
    Conclusions: ERT stabilizes storage deposits and myocyte dimensions in 87% of patients with prehypertrophic FDCM. Globotriaosylceramide is never completely removed even after long-term treatment. Immune-mediated myocardial inflammation can overlap, limiting ERT activity.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Fabry Disease/complications ; Fabry Disease/drug therapy ; Fabry Disease/pathology ; alpha-Galactosidase/therapeutic use ; alpha-Galactosidase/metabolism ; Enzyme Replacement Therapy/methods ; Cardiomyopathies/etiology ; Cardiomyopathies/complications ; Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism ; Myocarditis/chemically induced ; Angina Pectoris/complications ; Heart Diseases/complications ; Inflammation/metabolism ; Trihexosylceramides
    Chemical Substances globotriaosylceramide (71965-57-6) ; alpha-Galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.22) ; Trihexosylceramides
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2653953-6
    ISSN 2047-9980 ; 2047-9980
    ISSN (online) 2047-9980
    ISSN 2047-9980
    DOI 10.1161/JAHA.123.032734
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