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Article ; Online: Comprehending and improving cannabis specialized metabolism in the systems biology era.

Romero, P / Peris, A / Vergara, K / Matus, J T

Plant science : an international journal of experimental plant biology

2020 Volume 298, Page(s) 110571

Abstract: Cannabis sativa is a source of food, fiber and specialized metabolites such as cannabinoids, with psychoactive and pharmacological effects. Due to its expanding and increasingly-accepted use in medicine, cannabis cultivation is acquiring more importance ... ...

Abstract	Cannabis sativa is a source of food, fiber and specialized metabolites such as cannabinoids, with psychoactive and pharmacological effects. Due to its expanding and increasingly-accepted use in medicine, cannabis cultivation is acquiring more importance and less social stigma. Humans initiated different domestication episodes whose later spread gave rise to a plethora of landrace cultivars. At present, breeders cross germplasms from different gene pools depending on their specific use. The fiber (hemp) and drug (marijuana) types of C. sativa differ in their cannabinoid chemical composition phenotype (chemotype) and also in the accumulation of terpenoid compounds that constitute a strain's particular flavor and scent. Cannabinoids are isoprenylated polyketides among which cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) and (-)-trans-Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol acid (THCA) have been well-documented for their many effects on humans. Here, we review the most studied specialized metabolic pathways in C. sativa, showing how terpenes and cannabinoids share both part of the isoprenoid pathway and the same biosynthetic compartmentalization (i.e. glandular trichomes of leaves and flowers). We enlist the several studies that have deciphered these pathways in this species including physical and genetic maps, QTL analyses and localization and enzymatic studies of cannabinoid and terpene synthases. In addition, new comparative modeling of cannabinoid synthases and phylogenetic trees are presented. We describe the genome sequencing initiatives of several accessions with the concomitant generation of next-generation genome maps and transcriptomic data. Very recently, proteomic characterizations and systems biology approaches such as those applying network theory or the integration of multi-omics data have increased the knowledge on gene function, enzyme diversity and metabolite content in C. sativa. In this revision we drift through the history, present and future of cannabis research and on how second- and third-generation sequencing technologies are bringing light to the field of cannabis specialized metabolism. We also discuss different biotechnological approaches for producing cannabinoids in engineered microorganisms.
MeSH term(s)	Cannabinoids/metabolism ; Cannabis/genetics ; Cannabis/metabolism ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Plant Breeding ; Systems Biology ; Terpenes/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Cannabinoids ; Terpenes
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-27
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	742010-9
ISSN	1873-2259 ; 0168-9452
ISSN (online)	1873-2259
ISSN	0168-9452
DOI	10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110571
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Article: Collagen, protein hydrolysates and chitin from by-products of fish and shellfish: An overview.

Espinales, Cindy / Romero-Peña, María / Calderón, Génesis / Vergara, Katiuska / Cáceres, Patricio J / Castillo, Priscila

Heliyon

2023 Volume 9, Issue 4, Page(s) e14937

Abstract: Waste processing from fish and seafood manufacturers represents a sustainable option to prevent environmental contamination, and their byproducts offer different benefits. Transforming fish and seafood waste into valuable compounds that present ... ...

Abstract	Waste processing from fish and seafood manufacturers represents a sustainable option to prevent environmental contamination, and their byproducts offer different benefits. Transforming fish and seafood waste into valuable compounds that present nutritional and functional properties compared to mammal products becomes a new alternative in Food Industry. In this review, collagen, protein hydrolysates, and chitin from fish and seafood byproducts were selected to explain their chemical characteristics, production methodologies, and possible future perspectives. These three byproducts are gaining a significant commercial market, impacting the food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, agriculture, plastic, and biomedical industries. For this reason, the extraction methodologies, advantages, and disadvantages are discussed in this review.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14937
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Article ; Online: Sustainable alternatives for by-products derived from industrial mussel processing: A critical review.

Medina Uzcátegui, Luis U / Vergara, Karina / Martínez Bordes, Gabriela

Waste management & research : the journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA

2021 Volume 40, Issue 2, Page(s) 123–138

Abstract: The industrial mussel processing generates significant quantities of waste. Nearly 30% of one metric tonne of processed mussel is finally destined for human consumption. Regardless of the mussel commodities, an important quantity of waste is concentrated ...

Abstract	The industrial mussel processing generates significant quantities of waste. Nearly 30% of one metric tonne of processed mussel is finally destined for human consumption. Regardless of the mussel commodities, an important quantity of waste is concentrated at several sub-processes, such as input reception, washing and declumping shells, and mussel meat extraction stages, or by means of the rejection of mussels only due to a size characteristic criterion established by the target market. Despite the main segregated waste comprising shells, byssus threads, residual meat and wastewater, a heterogeneous composition must be taken into account, since much of the solid waste is commonly gathered and compacted for landfill transportation purposes. This paper reviews the sustainable management strategies for mussel by-products, addressing their limitations for an industrial implementation to obtain value-added products. It is concluded that, although there is a well-known diversity of waste sustainable management alternatives, several proposed products (e.g., collagen, bio-adhesives, biopolymer, and adsorbent for pollutants) still remain in a potential framework, circumscribed into laboratory results, subject to an optimization process, to a validation by industrial pre-scale trials, or even limited by the associated production costs. Future researches should focus on reducing the uncertainties linked with their technical-economic feasibility for an industrial scale development.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Bivalvia ; Humans ; Industrial Waste/analysis ; Industry ; Waste Disposal Facilities ; Waste Management ; Waste Water
Chemical Substances	Industrial Waste ; Waste Water
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1480483-9
ISSN	1096-3669 ; 1399-3070 ; 0734-242X
ISSN (online)	1096-3669 ; 1399-3070
ISSN	0734-242X
DOI	10.1177/0734242X21996808
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Article ; Online: Intraspecies variation of the mitochondrial genome: An evaluation for phylogenetic approaches based on the conventional choices of genes and segments on mitogenome.

Morón-López, Jesús / Vergara, Karen / Sato, Masanao / Gajardo, Gonzalo / Ueki, Shoko

PloS one

2022 Volume 17, Issue 8, Page(s) e0273330

Abstract: Intraspecies nucleotide sequence variation is a key to understanding the evolutionary history of a species, such as the geographic distribution and population structure. To date, numerous phylogenetic and population genetics studies have been conducted ... ...

Abstract	Intraspecies nucleotide sequence variation is a key to understanding the evolutionary history of a species, such as the geographic distribution and population structure. To date, numerous phylogenetic and population genetics studies have been conducted based on the sequences of a gene or an intergenic region on the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA), such as cytochrome c oxidase subunits or the D-loop. To evaluate the credibility of the usage of such 'classic' markers, we compared the phylogenetic inferences based on the analyses of the partial and entire mtDNA sequences. Importantly, the phylogenetic reconstruction based on the short marker sequences did not necessarily reproduce the tree topologies based on the analyses of the entire mtDNA. In addition, analyses on the datasets of various organisms revealed that the analyses based on the classic markers yielded phylogenetic trees with poor confidence in all tested cases compared to the results based on full-length mtDNA. These results demonstrated that phylogenetic analyses based on complete mtDNA sequences yield more insightful results compared to those based on mitochondrial genes and segments. To ameliorate the shortcomings of the classic markers, we identified a segment of mtDNA that may be used as an 'approximate marker' to closely reproduce the phylogenetic inference obtained from the entire mtDNA in the case of mammalian species, which can be utilized to design amplicon-seq-based studies. Our study demonstrates the importance of the choice of mitochondrial markers for phylogenetic analyses and proposes a novel approach to choosing appropriate markers for mammalian mtDNA that reproduces the phylogenetic inferences obtained from full-length mtDNA.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics ; Genes, Mitochondrial ; Genome, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Mammals/genetics ; Phylogeny
Chemical Substances	DNA, Mitochondrial ; Electron Transport Complex IV (EC 1.9.3.1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0273330
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Article: Risk of childhood trauma exposure and severity of bipolar disorder in Colombia.

Guillen-Burgos, Hernán / Moreno-Lopez, Sergio / Acevedo-Vergara, Kaleb / Pérez-Florez, Manuel / Pachón-Garcia, Catherine / Gálvez-Flórez, Juan Francisco

International journal of bipolar disorders

2023 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 7

Abstract: Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) is higher in developing countries. Childhood trauma exposure is a common environmental risk factor in Colombia and might be associated with a more severe course of bipolar disorder in Low-Middle Income-Countries. We ... ...

Abstract	Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) is higher in developing countries. Childhood trauma exposure is a common environmental risk factor in Colombia and might be associated with a more severe course of bipolar disorder in Low-Middle Income-Countries. We carried out the first case-control study in Colombia using a structural clinical interview and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) to describe the prevalence and association between trauma exposure during childhood with a severe course of illness (early age onset, rapid cycling, ideation or suicide attempt, or ≥ 3 hospitalization) in a sample of BD patients. Results: A total of 114 cases and 191 controls evaluated showed the following results. Cases included 61.4% BD type I and 38.6% BD type II. The median age was 31.5 years (IQR, 75-24) for BD patients and 31 years old (IQR, 38-24) for healthy controls. A higher prevalence of childhood trauma was evidenced in cases compared to controls. Emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, physical neglect and emotional neglect evidenced a strong association with severe bipolar disorder (OR = 3.42, p < .001; OR = 4.68, p < .001; OR = 4.30, p = .003; OR = 5.10, p < .001; OR = 5.64, p < .001, respectively). Conclusions: This is the first association study between childhood trauma exposure as a higher risk for a severe course of illness in BD patients in Colombian. Our findings highlight the higher prevalence of childhood trauma in bipolar patients and the strong association of childhood trauma with severe bipolar disorder. These findings are relevant for screening and evaluating childhood trauma exposure during the course of BD patients.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-10
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2732954-9
ISSN	2194-7511
ISSN	2194-7511
DOI	10.1186/s40345-023-00289-5
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Article ; Online: From gestational chronodisruption to noncommunicable diseases: Pathophysiological mechanisms of programming of adult diseases, and the potential therapeutic role of melatonin.

Méndez, Natalia / Corvalan, Fernando / Halabi, Diego / Ehrenfeld, Pamela / Maldonado, Rodrigo / Vergara, Karina / Seron-Ferre, Maria / Torres-Farfan, Claudia

Journal of pineal research

2023 Volume 75, Issue 4, Page(s) e12908

Abstract: During gestation, the developing fetus relies on precise maternal circadian signals for optimal growth and preparation for extrauterine life. These signals regulate the daily delivery of oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other biophysical factors while ... ...

Abstract	During gestation, the developing fetus relies on precise maternal circadian signals for optimal growth and preparation for extrauterine life. These signals regulate the daily delivery of oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other biophysical factors while synchronizing fetal rhythms with the external photoperiod. However, modern lifestyle factors such as light pollution and shift work can induce gestational chronodisruption, leading to the desynchronization of maternal and fetal circadian rhythms. Such disruptions have been associated with adverse effects on cardiovascular, neurodevelopmental, metabolic, and endocrine functions in the fetus, increasing the susceptibility to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in adult life. This aligns with the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease theory, suggesting that early-life exposures can significantly influence health outcomes later in life. The consequences of gestational chronodisruption also extend into adulthood. Environmental factors like diet and stress can exacerbate the adverse effects of these disruptions, underscoring the importance of maintaining a healthy circadian rhythm across the lifespan to prevent NCDs and mitigate the impact of gestational chronodisruption on aging. Research efforts are currently aimed at identifying potential interventions to prevent or mitigate the effects of gestational chronodisruption. Melatonin supplementation during pregnancy emerges as a promising intervention, although further investigation is required to fully understand the precise mechanisms involved and to develop effective strategies for promoting health and preventing NCDs in individuals affected by gestational chronodisruption.
MeSH term(s)	Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans ; Adult ; Melatonin/pharmacology ; Melatonin/therapeutic use ; Noncommunicable Diseases ; Circadian Rhythm/physiology ; Photoperiod
Chemical Substances	Melatonin (JL5DK93RCL)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-31
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	632697-3
ISSN	1600-079X ; 0742-3098
ISSN (online)	1600-079X
ISSN	0742-3098
DOI	10.1111/jpi.12908
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Article: Comprehending and improving cannabis specialized metabolism in the systems biology era

Romero, P / Peris, A / Vergara, K / Matus, J.T

Plant science. 2020 Sept., v. 298

2020

Abstract	Cannabis sativa is a source of food, fiber and specialized metabolites such as cannabinoids, with psychoactive and pharmacological effects. Due to its expanding and increasingly-accepted use in medicine, cannabis cultivation is acquiring more importance and less social stigma. Humans initiated different domestication episodes whose later spread gave rise to a plethora of landrace cultivars. At present, breeders cross germplasms from different gene pools depending on their specific use. The fiber (hemp) and drug (marijuana) types of C. sativa differ in their cannabinoid chemical composition phenotype (chemotype) and also in the accumulation of terpenoid compounds that constitute a strain’s particular flavor and scent. Cannabinoids are isoprenylated polyketides among which cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) and (−)-trans-Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol acid (THCA) have been well-documented for their many effects on humans. Here, we review the most studied specialized metabolic pathways in C. sativa, showing how terpenes and cannabinoids share both part of the isoprenoid pathway and the same biosynthetic compartmentalization (i.e. glandular trichomes of leaves and flowers). We enlist the several studies that have deciphered these pathways in this species including physical and genetic maps, QTL analyses and localization and enzymatic studies of cannabinoid and terpene synthases. In addition, new comparative modeling of cannabinoid synthases and phylogenetic trees are presented. We describe the genome sequencing initiatives of several accessions with the concomitant generation of next-generation genome maps and transcriptomic data. Very recently, proteomic characterizations and systems biology approaches such as those applying network theory or the integration of multi-omics data have increased the knowledge on gene function, enzyme diversity and metabolite content in C. sativa. In this revision we drift through the history, present and future of cannabis research and on how second- and third-generation sequencing technologies are bringing light to the field of cannabis specialized metabolism. We also discuss different biotechnological approaches for producing cannabinoids in engineered microorganisms.
Keywords	Cannabis sativa ; biochemical pathways ; biosynthesis ; cannabinoids ; chemical composition ; chemotypes ; domestication ; drugs ; flavor ; flowers ; gene pool ; genes ; germplasm ; hemp ; history ; humans ; knowledge ; landraces ; leaves ; light ; medicine ; metabolites ; microorganisms ; models ; multiomics ; network theory ; odors ; phenotype ; phylogeny ; polyketides ; proteomics ; research ; sequence analysis ; social stigma ; terpene synthases ; terpenoids ; transcriptomics ; trichomes
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-09
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-light
ZDB-ID	742010-9
ISSN	1873-2259 ; 0168-9452
ISSN (online)	1873-2259
ISSN	0168-9452
DOI	10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110571
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Tools for comprehensive evaluation of sexual function in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Gaviria Carrillo, M / Ortiz Salas, P A / Rueda Vergara, K P / Cortes Bernal, G A / Nava Mesa, M / Moreno Medina, K

Neurologia

2022 Volume 38, Issue 3, Page(s) 197–205

Abstract: Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects young adults, causing a variety of symptoms (motor alterations, visual alterations, loss of sphincter control, gait alterations) that ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects young adults, causing a variety of symptoms (motor alterations, visual alterations, loss of sphincter control, gait alterations) that impair the patient's functional status. However, other symptoms, such as sexual dysfunction, can also have an effect on quality of life. Development: Sexual dysfunction can occur at any time during the course of the disease; its prevalence varies between 50% and 90%, and it can be secondary to demyelinating lesions in the spinal cord and/or brain or caused by symptoms that do not directly involve the nervous system (fatigue; psychological, social, and cultural factors; etc.). Although its prevalence and impact on quality of life are well known, sexual dysfunction is still frequently underestimated. Therefore, in this article we review the different scales for assessing presence or severity of sexual dysfunction, in order to offer early multidisciplinary management. Conclusion: We evaluated 5 questionnaires that could identify the presence of sexual dysfunction in patients with MS and determine its aetiology, assisting in treatment decision making. MS must be understood as a complex disease that encompasses and compromises different aspects of patients' health, and goes beyond simply measuring disability.
MeSH term(s)	Young Adult ; Humans ; Multiple Sclerosis/diagnosis ; Quality of Life ; Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological/etiology ; Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological/epidemiology ; Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological/psychology ; Central Nervous System ; Brain
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-05
Publishing country	Spain
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2654369-2
ISSN	2173-5808 ; 2173-5808
ISSN (online)	2173-5808
ISSN	2173-5808
DOI	10.1016/j.nrleng.2020.04.024
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Article ; Online: Internet Addiction and Academic Performance in Dental Students.

Díaz Cárdenas, Shyrley / Arrieta Vergara, Katherine / Simancas-Pallares, Miguel

Revista Colombiana de psiquiatria (English ed.)

2019 Volume 48, Issue 4, Page(s) 198–207

Abstract: Objective: To determine the association between Internet addiction (IA) and academic performance in dental students at the University of Cartagena.: Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 402 students included through non- ... ...

Title translation	Adicción a internet y rendimiento académico de estudiantes de Odontología.
Abstract	Objective: To determine the association between Internet addiction (IA) and academic performance in dental students at the University of Cartagena. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 402 students included through non-probabilistic sampling who answered an anonymous and self-reporting questionnaire that included socio-demographic variables, academic performance (last semester overall grade), presence of IA (Young's Test) and covariates related to IA based on academic performance. Data were analysed by means of proportions, relationships between variables with the χ Results: Approximately 24.63% of the students used the Internet much less than the average population, but 75.3% had IA; 73.13% of cases were considered mild and 2.24% moderate. There were no severe cases. Around 5.2% had poor academic performance. In multivariate analysis, the model that best explained IA in relation to academic performance was: studying in lower-level courses (OR=0.54; 95% CI, 0.32-0.91); studying in a different places of the house (OR=3.38; 95% CI, 1.71-6.68); not using laptop for studying (OR=0.41; 95% CI, 0.19-0.89), chatting on mobile phone (OR=2.43; 95% CI, 1.45-3.06); and spending more than 18 minutes on mobile phone while studying (OR=3.20; 95% CI, 1.71-5.99). Conclusions: Academic performance was not associated with AI. However, studying in lower-level courses, in a different place of the house, not using laptop to study, and spending more than 18minutes answering their mobile phone and chatting on mobile phone while studying were covariates statistically associated with IA.
MeSH term(s)	Academic Performance/statistics & numerical data ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Behavior, Addictive/epidemiology ; Cell Phone/statistics & numerical data ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Internet/statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Students, Dental/statistics & numerical data ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Time Factors ; Young Adult
Language	Spanish
Publishing date	2019-12-09
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2530-3120
ISSN (online)	2530-3120
DOI	10.1016/j.rcp.2018.03.002
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Book ; Online: VISIBILITY ANALYSIS OF HUGE OUTDOOR ADVERTISEMENTS ALONG GUADALUPE BRIDGE IN EDSA HIGHWAY FROM STRUCTURE-FROM-MOTION PHOTOGRAMMETRY

Manansala, M. N. / Ong, R. M. / Vergara, K. A.

eISSN: 2194-9034

2019

Abstract: When it comes to business and marketing, huge outdoor advertising is considered as one of the best ways by contributing largely in disseminating information about a product, service or even raise awareness. With commuters or the people riding in a moving ...

Abstract	When it comes to business and marketing, huge outdoor advertising is considered as one of the best ways by contributing largely in disseminating information about a product, service or even raise awareness. With commuters or the people riding in a moving car as its target audience, the placement of advertising materials is very crucial since it should be visible and must deliver its message in a short span of time. This study tests the methodology of gathering data using action camera and DSLR mounted and situated on a moving vehicle, utilizing structure from motion techniques, to extract the geometry of the billboards from the point cloud generated from structure-from-motion as acquired from camera videos that would be used to represent these billboards in the three-dimensional space. These extracted geometries would be used for visibility analysis from a passenger’s point of view by assessing the percentage of visible content and logos of each billboard from each point of observation along the path of a moving vehicle. The results of this study are nine sets of mean percent visibilities and raster representations that show the mean percent visibility of the billboards as viewed from the road of interest. To assess product placement effectiveness of the billboards, visibility percentage of the product logos contained in the nine billboards was also obtained.
Subject code	629
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-10-02
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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