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  1. AU="Veronica Phillips"
  2. AU="Braun, Jörg"
  3. AU="Cassandra E. Holbert"
  4. AU="Trevisan Alexandra"

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  1. Artikel ; Online: A Scoping Review of Approaches to Improving Quality of Data Relating to Health Inequalities

    Sowmiya Moorthie / Vicki Peacey / Sian Evans / Veronica Phillips / Andres Roman-Urrestarazu / Carol Brayne / Louise Lafortune

    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 19, Iss 15874, p

    2022  Band 15874

    Abstract: Identifying and monitoring of health inequalities requires good-quality data. The aim of this work is to systematically review the evidence base on approaches taken within the healthcare context to improve the quality of data for the identification and ... ...

    Abstract Identifying and monitoring of health inequalities requires good-quality data. The aim of this work is to systematically review the evidence base on approaches taken within the healthcare context to improve the quality of data for the identification and monitoring of health inequalities and describe the evidence base on the effectiveness of such approaches or recommendations. Peer-reviewed scientific journal publications, as well as grey literature, were included in this review if they described approaches and/or made recommendations to improve data quality relating to the identification and monitoring of health inequalities. A thematic analysis was undertaken of included papers to identify themes, and a narrative synthesis approach was used to summarise findings. Fifty-seven papers were included describing a variety of approaches. These approaches were grouped under four themes: policy and legislation, wider actions that enable implementation of policies, data collection instruments and systems, and methodological approaches. Our findings indicate that a variety of mechanisms can be used to improve the quality of data on health inequalities at different stages (prior to, during, and after data collection). These findings can inform us of actions that can be taken by those working in local health and care services on approaches to improving the quality of data on health inequalities.
    Schlagwörter health inequalities ; health disparities ; data quality ; public health ; Medicine ; R
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 306 ; 360
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag MDPI AG
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  2. Artikel ; Online: Metabolic adverse events associated with systemic corticosteroid therapy—a systematic review and meta-analysis

    Szilard Nemes / Veronica Phillips / Spoorthy Kulkarni / Hannah Durham / Luke Glover / Osaid Ather / Leslie Cousens / Parmis Blomgran / Philip Ambery

    BMJ Open, Vol 12, Iss

    2022  Band 12

    Abstract: Objectives To assess the risk of new-onset or worsening hyperglycaemia, hypertension, weight gain and hyperlipidaemia with systemic corticosteroid therapy (CST) as reported in published randomised control trial (RCT) studies.Data sources Literature ... ...

    Abstract Objectives To assess the risk of new-onset or worsening hyperglycaemia, hypertension, weight gain and hyperlipidaemia with systemic corticosteroid therapy (CST) as reported in published randomised control trial (RCT) studies.Data sources Literature search using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane library, Web of Science and ScopusStudy eligibility criteria Published articles on results of RCT with a systemic CST arm with numerical data presented on adverse effect (AE).Participants and interventions Reports of hyperglycaemia, hypertension, weight gain and hyperlipidaemia associated with systemic CST in patients or healthy volunteer’s ≥17 years of age.Study appraisal methods Risk of bias tool, assessment at the level of AE and key study characteristics.Results A total of 5446 articles were screened to include 118 studies with 152 systemic CST arms (total participants=17 113 among which 8569 participants treated with CST). Pooled prevalence of hyperglycaemia in the CST arms within the studies was 10% (95% CI 7% to 14%), with the highest prevalence in respiratory illnesses at 22% (95% CI 9% to 35%). Pooled prevalence of severe hyperglycaemia, hypertension, weight gain and hyperlipidaemia within the corticosteroid arms was 5% (95% CI 2% to 9%), 6% (95% CI 4% to 8%), 13% (95% CI 8% to 18%), 8% (95% CI 4% to 17%), respectively. CST was significantly associated hyperglycaemia, hypertension and weight gain as noted in double-blinded placebo-controlled parallel-arms studies: OR of 2.13 (95% CI 1.66 to 2.72), 1.68 (95% CI 0.96 to 2.95) and 5.20 (95% CI 2.10 to 12.90), respectively. Intravenous therapy posed higher risk than oral therapy: OR of 2.39 (95% CI 1.16 to 4.91).Limitations There was significant heterogeneity in the AE definitions and quality of AE reporting in the primary studies and patient populations in the studies. The impact of cumulative dose effect on incidental AE could not be calculated.Conclusions and implications of key findings Systemic CST use is associated with increased risk of metabolic AEs, which differs ...
    Schlagwörter Medicine ; R
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 610
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag BMJ Publishing Group
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  3. Artikel ; Online: Relationship Between Early Childhood Non-Parental Childcare and Diet, Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Sleep

    Silvia Costa / Sara E. Benjamin-Neelon / Eleanor Winpenny / Veronica Phillips / Jean Adams

    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 16, Iss 23, p

    A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies

    2019  Band 4652

    Abstract: The rising prevalence of childhood obesity is a global public health concern. Evidence suggests that exposure to non-parental childcare before age six years is associated with development of obesity, diet, and activity behaviours (physical activity, ... ...

    Abstract The rising prevalence of childhood obesity is a global public health concern. Evidence suggests that exposure to non-parental childcare before age six years is associated with development of obesity, diet, and activity behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep). However, findings are inconsistent and mostly from cross-sectional studies, making it difficult to identify the direction of causation in associations. This review identified and synthesised the published research on longitudinal associations between non-parental childcare during early childhood, diet, and activity behaviours. Seven databases were searched, and results were independently double-screened through title/abstract and full-text stages. Included studies were evaluated for risk of bias. Of the 18,793 references screened, 13 met eligibility criteria and were included in the review. These presented results on 89 tested childcare/outcome associations, 63 testing diet outcomes (59% null, remainder mixed), and 26 testing activity behaviour outcomes (85% null, remainder mixed). The scarce available literature indicates little and mixed evidence of a longitudinal association. This reflects a paucity of research, rather than clear evidence of no effect. There is an urgent need for studies investigating the longitudinal associations of non-parental childcare on diet and activity behaviours to assess potential lasting effects and mechanisms; whether and how effects vary by provider; and differences by intensity, duration, and population sub-groups.
    Schlagwörter early childhood ; early care and education ; dietary behaviours ; activity behaviours ; obesity risk factors ; Medicine ; R
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 796
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2019-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag MDPI AG
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  4. Artikel ; Online: Impact of long-term air pollution exposure on incidence of neurodegenerative diseases

    Haneen Khreis / Christiaan Bredell / Kwan Wai Fung / Lucy Hong / Magdalena Szybka / Veronica Phillips / Ali Abbas / Youn-Hee Lim / Zorana Jovanovic Andersen / James Woodcock / Carol Brayne

    Environment International, Vol 170, Iss , Pp 107596- (2022)

    A protocol for a systematic review and exposure-response meta-analysis

    2022  

    Abstract: Background: Ambient air pollution is a pervasive and ubiquitous hazard, which has been linked to premature morbidity and a growing number of morbidity endpoints. Air pollution may be linked to neurodegeneration, and via this or other pathways, to ... ...

    Abstract Background: Ambient air pollution is a pervasive and ubiquitous hazard, which has been linked to premature morbidity and a growing number of morbidity endpoints. Air pollution may be linked to neurodegeneration, and via this or other pathways, to neurodegenerative diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that air pollution may contribute to neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia, Parkinson’s Disease (PD), Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Motor Neuron Diseases (MND), although this evidence remains inconsistent and very limited for MS and MND. In addition, this evidence base is rapidly emerging and would benefit from a wide and critical synthesis, including a better understanding of heterogeneity. Objectives: In this paper, we present a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis and specify our methods a priori. The main aim of the planned systematic review is to answer the question of whether long-term exposure (>1 year) to ambient (outdoor) air pollution (exposure, compared to lower exposure) increases the risk of adult (population) incidence of neurodegenerative diseases (outcomes) in epidemiological observational studies (study design). Another aim is to meta-analyze the associations between long-term exposure to ambient air pollutants and the risk of the selected outcomes and assess the shape of exposure–response functions. To set the stage for the proposed work, we also overview the existing epidemiological evidence in this protocol, but do not critically evaluate it, as these results will be fully presented in the planned systematic review. Search and study eligibility: We will search the electronic databases Medline (via Ovid), Embase (via Ovid), Cochrane Library, Cinahl (via Ebscohost), Global Health (via Ebscohost), PsycINFO (via Ebscohost), Scopus, Web of Science (Core Collection), from inception to October 2022. Eligible studies must contain primary research investigating the link between 1-year + exposure to any outdoor air pollutant, from any source, and dementia, PD, MS, and MND, or dementia ...
    Schlagwörter Neurodegenerative ; Dementia ; Alzheimer’s disease ; Parkinson’s disease ; Multiple sclerosis ; Motor neuron disease ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 333
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag Elsevier
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  5. Artikel ; Online: Interventions to reduce social isolation and loneliness during COVID-19 physical distancing measures

    Christopher Y K Williams / Adam T Townson / Milan Kapur / Alice F Ferreira / Rebecca Nunn / Julieta Galante / Veronica Phillips / Sarah Gentry / Juliet A Usher-Smith

    PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 2, p e

    A rapid systematic review.

    2021  Band 0247139

    Abstract: Background A significant proportion of the worldwide population is at risk of social isolation and loneliness as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to identify effective interventions to reduce social isolation and loneliness that are compatible ...

    Abstract Background A significant proportion of the worldwide population is at risk of social isolation and loneliness as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to identify effective interventions to reduce social isolation and loneliness that are compatible with COVID-19 shielding and social distancing measures. Methods and findings In this rapid systematic review, we searched six electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and SCOPUS) from inception to April 2020 for systematic reviews appraising interventions for loneliness and/or social isolation. Primary studies from those reviews were eligible if they included: 1) participants in a non-hospital setting; 2) interventions to reduce social isolation and/or loneliness that would be feasible during COVID-19 shielding measures; 3) a relevant control group; and 4) quantitative measures of social isolation, social support or loneliness. At least two authors independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using the Downs and Black checklist. Study registration: PROSPERO CRD42020178654. We identified 45 RCTs and 13 non-randomised controlled trials; none were conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. The nature, type, and potential effectiveness of interventions varied greatly. Effective interventions for loneliness include psychological therapies such as mindfulness, lessons on friendship, robotic pets, and social facilitation software. Few interventions improved social isolation. Overall, 37 of 58 studies were of "Fair" quality, as measured by the Downs & Black checklist. The main study limitations identified were the inclusion of studies of variable quality; the applicability of our findings to the entire population; and the current poor understanding of the types of loneliness and isolation experienced by different groups affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions Many effective interventions involved cognitive or educational components, or facilitated communication between ...
    Schlagwörter Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 360
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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