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Article: Fostering inter- and transdisciplinarity in discipline-oriented universities to improve sustainability science and practice

Rocha, Pedro Luís Bernardo da / Pardini, Renata / Viana, Blandina Felipe / El-Hani, Charbel N

Sustainability science. 2020 May, v. 15, no. 3

2020

Abstract: Many problems we face today, including sustainability issues, are complex and encompass intertwined systems. As such, they are difficult to understand and define due to the pluralism of values within society, which also makes it hard to reach agreement ... ...

Abstract	Many problems we face today, including sustainability issues, are complex and encompass intertwined systems. As such, they are difficult to understand and define due to the pluralism of values within society, which also makes it hard to reach agreement on these issues. Technocratic solutions then may be perceived as improper by stakeholders, detaching citizens from urgent issues. Inter- and transdisciplinary approaches to science have recently been strongly advocated as activities that can bring science closer to society to co-produce knowledge suited to deal with such complex problems. Here, we present a heuristic model on how scholars working in discipline-oriented universities can either reinforce disciplinarity or foster transition to inter- and transdisciplinarity. We then describe strategies we implemented to promote this transition. Our model represents interactions scholars establish to perform academic activities and factors influencing how they develop such activities. According to the model, scholars’ interactions overcome disciplinarity when they are diversified and bidirectional, requiring that they work beyond the mainstream scientific practices, crossing the boundaries of traditional training, and using their expertise to influence academic policy and culture. Our strategies to foster inter- and transdisciplinarity encompassed learning-by-doing and influencing academic policies and culture by engaging in policy processes. The main challenges were associated with advancing our academic training while simultaneously navigating the discipline-oriented system of scholar evaluation. We hope our model and initiatives stimulate other scholars to confront discipline-oriented policies and culture, helping to close the gap between academic rigor and social relevance, and to integrate sciences contributing to sustainability, practice, and policy.
Keywords	issues and policy ; models ; multicultural diversity ; society ; stakeholders ; sustainability science and engineering
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-05
Size	p. 717-728.
Publishing place	Springer Japan
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	2260333-5
ISSN	1862-4057 ; 1862-4065
ISSN (online)	1862-4057
ISSN	1862-4065
DOI	10.1007/s11625-019-00761-1
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Pollinator-dependent crops in Brazil yield nearly half of nutrients for humans and livestock feed

Porto, Rafaella Guimarães / Cruz-Neto, Oswaldo / Tabarelli, Marcelo / Viana, Blandina Felipe / Peres, Carlos A. / Lopes, Ariadna Valentina

Global food security. 2021 Dec., v. 31

2021

Abstract: Animal pollination services provide multiple benefits to humanity as they contribute to 35% of global food production and directly account for up to 40% of the dietary nutrient supply to humanity worldwide. Population declines of vertebrate and ... ...

Abstract	Animal pollination services provide multiple benefits to humanity as they contribute to 35% of global food production and directly account for up to 40% of the dietary nutrient supply to humanity worldwide. Population declines of vertebrate and invertebrate pollination vectors may threaten human nutrition and well-being, particularly where agriculture relies heavily on animal pollinators. We examined the relative differences in nutrient concentrations of 45 leading crops produced throughout Brazil, the world's largest tropical agricultural producer and exporter. We also estimated the overall reductions in nutrient yields under different scenarios of pollinator declines, based on annual agricultural production. Of the 45 top-ranking crops, 29 and 16 were classified as pollinator-dependent and non-dependent, respectively. Pollinator-dependent crops provided 47% of all dietary nutrients supplied in 2017, which had significantly higher concentrations of lipids, vitamin B9, and potassium, while pollinator non-dependent crops provided higher carbohydrate content. Under either a best- or worst-case pollinator declines scenario, we estimate overall nutritional losses of 7.9% and 29.5%, respectively. These losses ranged from 4% to 18% for all macronutrients, 6.8%–26.2% for all minerals, and 2.4%–31.5% for all vitamins. We emphasize the need for land-use strategies that sustain, if not increase pollinator abundance and species diversity to ensure agricultural viability and future food security.
Keywords	carbohydrate content ; folic acid ; food composition ; food production ; food security ; human nutrition ; invertebrates ; land use ; livestock feeds ; pollination ; pollinators ; potassium ; species diversity ; viability ; Brazil
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-12
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2682428-0
ISSN	2211-9124
ISSN	2211-9124
DOI	10.1016/j.gfs.2021.100587
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Neglected diversity of crop pollinators: Lessons from the world’s largest tropical country

Lopes, Ariadna Valentina / Porto, Rafaella Guimarães / Cruz-Neto, Oswaldo / Peres, Carlos A. / Viana, Blandina Felipe / Giannini, Tereza Cristina / Tabarelli, Marcelo

Associação Brasileira de Ciência Ecológica e Conservação Perspectives in ecology and conservation. 2021 Oct., Dec., v. 19, no. 4

2021

Abstract: We draw attention to potential pollinator species that have not yet been reported as crop pollinators but could likely contribute to agricultural productivity. We refer to this as the neglected diversity of crop pollinators, which we argue should not be ... ...

Abstract	We draw attention to potential pollinator species that have not yet been reported as crop pollinators but could likely contribute to agricultural productivity. We refer to this as the neglected diversity of crop pollinators, which we argue should not be excluded from conservation strategies and land-use planning. We used Brazil as case study for at least five main reasons: (1) Brazil is one of the world’s largest food producers and exporters; (2) Tropical agricultural production is highly dependent on pollinators; (3) Brazil is almost certainly the most biologically megadiverse country; (4) Brazil has high diversity of pollinators; (5) Brazil has played a leading international role in environmental sustainability. We estimated that the neglected diversity of bees as potential crop pollinators in Brazil is 88.4%. For vertebrates, the neglected diversity is 95.2%. This means that many yet to be observed plant–pollinator interactions are entirely off the radar in terms of the conservation agenda for agricultural stability.
Keywords	agricultural productivity ; case studies ; ecology ; environmental sustainability ; pollinators ; radar ; Brazil
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-10
Size	p. 500-504.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ISSN	2530-0644
DOI	10.1016/j.pecon.2021.06.004
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Spatial heterogeneity regulates plant-pollinator networks across multiple landscape scales.

Moreira, Eduardo Freitas / Boscolo, Danilo / Viana, Blandina Felipe

PloS one

2015 Volume 10, Issue 4, Page(s) e0123628

Abstract: Mutualistic plant-pollinator interactions play a key role in biodiversity conservation and ecosystem functioning. In a community, the combination of these interactions can generate emergent properties, e.g., robustness and resilience to disturbances such ...

Abstract	Mutualistic plant-pollinator interactions play a key role in biodiversity conservation and ecosystem functioning. In a community, the combination of these interactions can generate emergent properties, e.g., robustness and resilience to disturbances such as fluctuations in populations and extinctions. Given that these systems are hierarchical and complex, environmental changes must have multiple levels of influence. In addition, changes in habitat quality and in the landscape structure are important threats to plants, pollinators and their interactions. However, despite the importance of these phenomena for the understanding of biological systems, as well as for conservation and management strategies, few studies have empirically evaluated these effects at the network level. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the influence of local conditions and landscape structure at multiple scales on the characteristics of plant-pollinator networks. This study was conducted in agri-natural lands in Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil. Pollinators were collected in 27 sampling units distributed orthogonally along a gradient of proportion of agriculture and landscape diversity. The Akaike information criterion was used to select models that best fit the metrics for network characteristics, comparing four hypotheses represented by a set of a priori candidate models with specific combinations of the proportion of agriculture, the average shape of the landscape elements, the diversity of the landscape and the structure of local vegetation. The results indicate that a reduction of habitat quality and landscape heterogeneity can cause species loss and decrease of networks nestedness. These structural changes can reduce robustness and resilience of plant-pollinator networks what compromises the reproductive success of plants, the maintenance of biodiversity and the pollination service stability. We also discuss the possible explanations for these relationships and the implications for landscape planning in agricultural areas.
MeSH term(s)	Biota ; Brazil ; Environment ; Models, Biological ; Plant Physiological Phenomena ; Pollination/physiology ; Spatial Analysis
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-04-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0123628
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Forest and connectivity loss simplify tropical pollination networks.

Ferreira, Patrícia Alves / Boscolo, Danilo / Lopes, Luciano Elsinor / Carvalheiro, Luísa G / Biesmeijer, Jacobus C / da Rocha, Pedro Luís Bernardo / Viana, Blandina Felipe

Oecologia

2020 Volume 192, Issue 2, Page(s) 577–590

Abstract: Mutualistic interactions between plants and pollinators play an essential role in the organization and persistence of biodiversity. The structure of interaction networks mediates the resilience of local communities and ecosystem functioning to ... ...

Abstract	Mutualistic interactions between plants and pollinators play an essential role in the organization and persistence of biodiversity. The structure of interaction networks mediates the resilience of local communities and ecosystem functioning to environmental changes. Hence, network structure conservation may be more critical for maintaining biodiversity and ecological services than the preservation of isolated species in changing landscapes. Here, we intensively surveyed seven 36 km
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Bees ; Brazil ; Ecosystem ; Forests ; Plants ; Pollination
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-02
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	123369-5
ISSN	1432-1939 ; 0029-8549
ISSN (online)	1432-1939
ISSN	0029-8549
DOI	10.1007/s00442-019-04579-7
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Pollination ecosystem services: A comprehensive review of economic values, research funding and policy actions

Porto, Rafaella Guimarães / de Almeida, Rita Fernandes / Cruz-Neto, Oswaldo / Tabarelli, Marcelo / Viana, Blandina Felipe / Peres, Carlos A / Lopes, Ariadna Valentina

Food security. 2020 Dec., v. 12, no. 6

2020

Abstract: Economic valuation of crop pollination services, including potential monetary losses in agricultural production induced by insufficient pollination, is a strategy to quantify the impacts of this critical ecosystem service on food production, food ... ...

Abstract	Economic valuation of crop pollination services, including potential monetary losses in agricultural production induced by insufficient pollination, is a strategy to quantify the impacts of this critical ecosystem service on food production, food security and the global economy, and to drive policy actions. We examined how the economic valuation of crop pollination services has been investigated across the ecological and economics literature and review estimates of monetary values of crop pollination services, as well as the investments (research funding/grants) and policy actions associated with pollinators and pollination. We documented an increase in the number of economic valuation studies on pollination services in the last two decades, with a substantial growth over the last five years, which represented 54% of all publications. However, we emphasize that there is a marked lack of data on regionally important commercial crops that are essential for the food security of many millions of people, particularly in developing countries. Estimated global values of the crop pollination service, adjusted for inflation in March/2020, range widely from US$195 billion to ~US$387 (US$267–657) billion annually — due to methodology, input data and a historical increase in production costs of pollinator-dependent crops. There is an increasing trend over time in the values of crop pollination service estimates for the full set of main globally-grown crops, although estimates for specific crops are widely variable at local to regional scales. Research funding on pollination/pollinators is mainly in developed countries, which have published all the reviewed policy papers on the economic value of crop pollination services. Although the valuation of pollination services, and associated economics and policy remain embryonic areas of research, animal-mediated pollination is clearly a high-value environmental service, which greatly strengthens conservation arguments worldwide.
Keywords	crops ; developed countries ; developing countries ; economic valuation ; ecosystem services ; food production ; food security ; grants ; inflation ; issues and policy ; literature ; methodology ; people ; pollination ; pollinators ; publications ; research support
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-12
Size	p. 1425-1442.
Publishing place	Springer Netherlands
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-light
ZDB-ID	2486755-X
ISSN	1876-4525 ; 1876-4517
ISSN (online)	1876-4525
ISSN	1876-4517
DOI	10.1007/s12571-020-01043-w
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Forest and connectivity loss simplify tropical pollination networks

Ferreira, Patrícia Alves / Boscolo, Danilo / Lopes, Luciano Elsinor / Carvalheiro, Luísa G / Biesmeijer, Jacobus C / da Rocha, Pedro Luís Bernardo / Viana, Blandina Felipe

Oecologia. 2020 Feb., v. 192, no. 2

2020

Abstract	Mutualistic interactions between plants and pollinators play an essential role in the organization and persistence of biodiversity. The structure of interaction networks mediates the resilience of local communities and ecosystem functioning to environmental changes. Hence, network structure conservation may be more critical for maintaining biodiversity and ecological services than the preservation of isolated species in changing landscapes. Here, we intensively surveyed seven 36 km² landscapes to empirically investigate the effects of forest loss and landscape configuration on the structure of plant–pollinator networks in understory vegetation of Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Our results indicate that forest loss and isolation affect the structure of the plant–pollinator networks, which were smaller in deforested landscapes, and less specialized as patch isolation increased. Lower nestedness and degree of specialization (Hʹ₂) indicated that the remaining plant and bee species tend to be generalists, and many of the expected specialized interactions in the network were already lost. Because generalist species generate a cohesive interaction core in these networks, these simplified networks might be resistant to loss of peripheral species, but may be susceptible to the extinction of the most generalist species. We suggest that such a network pattern is an outcome of landscapes with a few remaining isolated patches of natural habitat. Our results add a new perspective to studies of plant–pollinator networks in fragmented landscapes, showing that those interaction networks might also be used to indicate how changes in natural habitat affect biodiversity and biotic interactions.
Keywords	bees ; biodiversity ; deforestation ; ecosystems ; extinction ; forests ; habitats ; landscapes ; nestedness ; pollination ; understory
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-02
Size	p. 577-590.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	123369-5
ISSN	1432-1939 ; 0029-8549
ISSN (online)	1432-1939
ISSN	0029-8549
DOI	10.1007/s00442-019-04579-7
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: What do we know about the effects of landscape changes on plant–pollinator interaction networks?

Ferreira, Patrícia Alves / Boscolo, Danilo / Viana, Blandina Felipe

Ecological indicators. 2013 Aug., v. 31

2013

Abstract: Biotic interactions play an important role on the organization and persistence of biodiversity. Unnatural modifications of landscape structure such as habitat loss and fragmentation can isolate populations and disrupt biological communities, affecting ... ...

Abstract	Biotic interactions play an important role on the organization and persistence of biodiversity. Unnatural modifications of landscape structure such as habitat loss and fragmentation can isolate populations and disrupt biological communities, affecting species survival and altering the complex set of relationships between plants and pollinators. Plant–pollinator interaction networks have characteristics such asymmetry and nestedness that may influence the stability and robustness of networks to landscape changes. Species in mutualistic networks might respond to landscape modifications with a sudden collapse at critical habitat destruction thresholds. In this work we review general trends in the scientific literature related to the effects of landscape changes on plant–pollinator networks. For this, a survey in Scopus and Web of Knowledge databases was conducted in May 2011 using all seven possible combinations of the terms “pollinat*” with the terms “landscape”, “habitat loss” and “network”. We found 155 papers and 92% of those showed significant effects of landscape changes on pollinator diversity and plant reproductive success. Approximately 50% of all analyzed papers showed effects of agriculture intensification as a result of increases in the conversion of natural areas into agricultural crops on plant–pollinator interactions. Landscape modifications affected cross-pollination and the sexual reproduction of plants largely because of reduced diversity and availability of pollinators due to increased habitat isolation and reduction of floral resources and nesting areas in the remaining available habitat. An integrated approach concerning the effects of modified landscapes on natural ecosystems regarding how these variations can affect the stability and robustness of pollination networks can be extremely useful for conservation of plant–pollinators interactions, with positive overall consequences for conservation of plant, pollinators and pollination services in natural and agricultural ecosystems.
Keywords	agroecosystems ; biodiversity ; conservation plants ; crops ; cross pollination ; databases ; habitat destruction ; habitats ; landscapes ; nestedness ; nesting ; pollinators ; sexual reproduction ; surveys
Language	English
Dates of publication	2013-08
Size	p. 35-40.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2036774-0
ISSN	1470-160X
ISSN	1470-160X
DOI	10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.07.025
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Negative impacts of dominance on bee communities: Does the influence of invasive honey bees differ from native bees?

Garibaldi, Lucas A. / Pérez‐Méndez, Néstor / Cordeiro, Guaraci D. / Hughes, Alice / Orr, Michael / Alves‐dos‐Santos, Isabel / Freitas, Breno M. / Freitas de Oliveira, Favízia / LeBuhn, Gretchen / Bartomeus, Ignasi / Aizen, Marcelo A. / Andrade, Patricia B. / Blochtein, Betina / Boscolo, Danilo / Drumond, Patricia M. / Gaglianone, Maria Cristina / Gemmill‐Herren, Barbara / Halinski, Rosana / Krug, Cristiane /

Maués, Márcia Motta / Piedade Kiill, Lucia H. / Pinheiro, Mardiore / Pires, Carmen S. S. / Viana, Blandina Felipe

Ecology. 2021 Dec., v. 102, no. 12

2021

Abstract: Invasive species can reach high abundances and dominate native environments. One of the most impressive examples of ecological invasions is the spread of the African subspecies of the honey bee throughout the Americas, starting from its introduction in a ...

Abstract	Invasive species can reach high abundances and dominate native environments. One of the most impressive examples of ecological invasions is the spread of the African subspecies of the honey bee throughout the Americas, starting from its introduction in a single locality in Brazil. The invasive honey bee is expected to more negatively impact bee community abundance and diversity than native dominant species, but this has not been tested previously. We developed a comprehensive and systematic bee sampling scheme, using a protocol deploying 11,520 pan traps across regions and crops for three years in Brazil. We found that invasive honey bees are now the single most dominant bee species. Such dominance has not only negative consequences for abundance and species richness of native bees but also for overall bee abundance (i.e., strong “numerical” effects of honey bees). Contrary to expectations, honey bees did not have stronger negative impacts than other native bees achieving similar levels of dominance (i.e., lack of negative “identity” effects of honey bees). These effects were markedly consistent across crop species, seasons and years, and were independent from land‐use effects. Dominance could be a proxy of bee community degradation and more generally of the severity of ecological invasions.
Keywords	crops ; dominant species ; honey ; honey bees ; invasive species ; land use ; species richness ; Brazil
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-12
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	1797-8
ISSN	0012-9658
ISSN	0012-9658
DOI	10.1002/ecy.3526
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Article ; Online: Negative impacts of dominance on bee communities: Does the influence of invasive honey bees differ from native bees?

Garibaldi, Lucas A / Pérez-Méndez, Néstor / Cordeiro, Guaraci D / Hughes, Alice / Orr, Michael / Alves-Dos-Santos, Isabel / Freitas, Breno M / Freitas de Oliveira, Favízia / LeBuhn, Gretchen / Bartomeus, Ignasi / Aizen, Marcelo A / Andrade, Patricia B / Blochtein, Betina / Boscolo, Danilo / Drumond, Patricia M / Gaglianone, Maria Cristina / Gemmill-Herren, Barbara / Halinski, Rosana / Krug, Cristiane /

Maués, Márcia Motta / Piedade Kiill, Lucia H / Pinheiro, Mardiore / Pires, Carmen S S / Viana, Blandina Felipe

Ecology

2021 Volume 102, Issue 12, Page(s) e03526

Abstract	Invasive species can reach high abundances and dominate native environments. One of the most impressive examples of ecological invasions is the spread of the African subspecies of the honey bee throughout the Americas, starting from its introduction in a single locality in Brazil. The invasive honey bee is expected to more negatively impact bee community abundance and diversity than native dominant species, but this has not been tested previously. We developed a comprehensive and systematic bee sampling scheme, using a protocol deploying 11,520 pan traps across regions and crops for three years in Brazil. We found that invasive honey bees are now the single most dominant bee species. Such dominance has not only negative consequences for abundance and species richness of native bees but also for overall bee abundance (i.e., strong "numerical" effects of honey bees). Contrary to expectations, honey bees did not have stronger negative impacts than other native bees achieving similar levels of dominance (i.e., lack of negative "identity" effects of honey bees). These effects were markedly consistent across crop species, seasons and years, and were independent from land-use effects. Dominance could be a proxy of bee community degradation and more generally of the severity of ecological invasions.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Bees ; Brazil ; Crops, Agricultural ; Introduced Species ; Seasons
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2010140-5
ISSN	1939-9170 ; 0012-9658
ISSN (online)	1939-9170
ISSN	0012-9658
DOI	10.1002/ecy.3526
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