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  1. Article ; Online: Acquisition and evaluation procedure to improve the accuracy of SAED.

    Czigány, Zsolt / Kis, Viktória Kovács

    Microscopy research and technique

    2022  Volume 86, Issue 2, Page(s) 144–156

    Abstract: The achievement of this work is that fine tuning of experimental and evaluation parameters can improve the absolute accuracy and reproducibility of selected area electron diffraction (SAED) to 0.1% without using internal standard. Due to the proposed ... ...

    Abstract The achievement of this work is that fine tuning of experimental and evaluation parameters can improve the absolute accuracy and reproducibility of selected area electron diffraction (SAED) to 0.1% without using internal standard. Due to the proposed procedure it was possible to reach a reproducibility better than 0.03% for camera length between sessions by careful control of specimen height and illumination conditions by monitoring lens currents. We applied a calibration specimen composed of nanocrystalline grains free of texture and providing narrow diffraction rings. Refinements of the centre of the diffraction pattern and corrections for elliptic ring distortions allowed for determining the ring diameters with an accuracy of 0.1%. We analyze the effect of different error sources and reason the achieved absolute accuracy of the measurement. Application of the proposed evaluation procedure is inevitable in case of multicomponent nanocomposites or textured materials and/or having close diffraction rings where application of automated procedures is limited. The achieved accuracy of 0.1% without internal standard is approaching that of routine laboratory XRD, and reduction of instrumental broadening due to the elaborated evaluation procedure allows for separation of close reflections, provides more reliable ring width and thus improved input parameters for further nanostructure analysis as demonstrated on dental enamel bioapatite.
    MeSH term(s) Electrons ; Reproducibility of Results ; Nanocomposites/chemistry
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1099714-3
    ISSN 1097-0029 ; 1059-910X
    ISSN (online) 1097-0029
    ISSN 1059-910X
    DOI 10.1002/jemt.24229
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Effect of pedogenic iron-oxyhydroxide removal on the metal sorption by soil clay minerals

    Sipos, Péter / Kis, Viktória Kovács / Balázs, Réka / Tóth, Adrienn / Németh, Tibor

    Journal of soils and sediments. 2021 Apr., v. 21, no. 4

    2021  

    Abstract: PURPOSE: The close association of Fe-oxyhydroxides and clay minerals might influence the sorption properties of these components. We aimed to study the effect of removing the pedogenic Fe-oxyhydroxides on the sorption of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn by the clay ... ...

    Abstract PURPOSE: The close association of Fe-oxyhydroxides and clay minerals might influence the sorption properties of these components. We aimed to study the effect of removing the pedogenic Fe-oxyhydroxides on the sorption of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn by the clay mineral particles in soils with contrasting pH. METHODS: Competitive batch sorption experiments before and after Fe-oxyhydroxide extraction in soils were carried out together with the direct analysis of the metal sorption on individual particles of ferrihydrite, smectite, and illite/smectite by TEM. RESULTS: Ferrihydrite was a more effective metal sorbent than clay minerals, although its removal resulted in decreased sorption only for Cd, Cu, and Zn. Ferrhydrite coating blocked metals’ access for certain sorption sites on clay surfaces, which were only accessible for Pb as the most efficient competitor after removing the coating. This observation was the most remarkable for the smectite particles in the alkaline soil. Mineral surfaces sorbed higher Cu than Pb concentrations and higher Zn than Cd concentrations despite the former metals’ lower bulk sorption. Thus, organic surfaces and precipitation contributed to Pb and Cd’s retention to a greater extent than for Cu and Zn. The structural Fe of smectite also promoted the metal sorption in both soils. CONCLUSION: Removal of iron-oxyhydroxide coatings from the soil affects metal sorption selectively. Direct study of metal sorption on individual soil particles enables us to gain a more in-depth insight into soil minerals’ role in this process.
    Keywords alkaline soils ; clay ; ferrihydrite ; illite ; iron oxyhydroxides ; pH ; smectite ; sorbents ; sorption
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-04
    Size p. 1785-1799.
    Publishing place Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ZDB-ID 2050898-0
    ISSN 1614-7480 ; 1439-0108
    ISSN (online) 1614-7480
    ISSN 1439-0108
    DOI 10.1007/s11368-021-02899-x
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article ; Online: Addition of Aegilops biuncialis chromosomes 2M or 3M improves the salt tolerance of wheat in different way

    Eva Darko / Radwan Khalil / Zsanett Dobi / Viktória Kovács / Gabriella Szalai / Tibor Janda / István Molnár

    Scientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2020  Volume 13

    Abstract: Abstract Aegilops biuncialis is a promising gene source to improve salt tolerance of wheat via interspecific hybridization. In the present work, the salt stress responses of wheat-Ae. biuncialis addition lines were investigated during germination and in ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Aegilops biuncialis is a promising gene source to improve salt tolerance of wheat via interspecific hybridization. In the present work, the salt stress responses of wheat-Ae. biuncialis addition lines were investigated during germination and in young plants to identify which Aegilops chromosomes can improve the salt tolerance of wheat. After salt treatments, the Aegilops parent and the addition lines 2M, 3M and 3M.4BS showed higher germination potential, shoot and root growth, better CO2 assimilation capacity and less chlorophyll degradation than the wheat parent. The Aegilops parent accumulated less Na in the roots due to an up-regulation of SOS1, SOS2 and HVP1 genes, while it contained higher amount of proline, fructose, glucose, galactose, maltose and raffinose. In the leaves, lower Na level was accompanied by high amount of proline and increased expression of NHX2 gene. The enhanced accumulation of sugars and proline was also observed in the roots of 3M and 3M.4BS addition lines. Typical mechanism of 2M addition line was the sequestration of Na into the vacuole due to the increased expression of HVP1 in the roots and NHX2 in the leaves. These results suggest the Aegilops chromosomes 2M and 3M can improve salt tolerance of wheat in different way.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 580
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Inhaled H 2 or CO 2 Do Not Augment the Neuroprotective Effect of Therapeutic Hypothermia in a Severe Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Piglet Model

    Viktória Kovács / Gábor Remzső / Valéria Tóth-Szűki / Viktória Varga / János Németh / Ferenc Domoki

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 21, Iss 6801, p

    2020  Volume 6801

    Abstract: Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is still a major cause of neonatal death and disability as therapeutic hypothermia (TH) alone cannot afford sufficient neuroprotection. The present study investigated whether ventilation with molecular hydrogen (2.1% ...

    Abstract Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is still a major cause of neonatal death and disability as therapeutic hypothermia (TH) alone cannot afford sufficient neuroprotection. The present study investigated whether ventilation with molecular hydrogen (2.1% H 2 ) or graded restoration of normocapnia with CO 2 for 4 h after asphyxia would augment the neuroprotective effect of TH in a subacute (48 h) HIE piglet model. Piglets were randomized to untreated naïve, control‑normothermia, asphyxia‑normothermia (20-min 4%O 2 –20%CO 2 ventilation; T core = 38.5 °C), asphyxia‑hypothermia (A-HT, T core = 33.5 °C, 2–36 h post‑asphyxia), A-HT + H 2 , or A-HT + CO 2 treatment groups. Asphyxia elicited severe hypoxia (pO 2 = 19 ± 5 mmHg) and mixed acidosis (pH = 6.79 ± 0.10). HIE development was confirmed by altered cerebral electrical activity and neuropathology. TH was significantly neuroprotective in the caudate nucleus but demonstrated virtually no such effect in the hippocampus. The mRNA levels of apoptosis-inducing factor and caspase-3 showed a ~10-fold increase in the A-HT group compared to naïve animals in the hippocampus but not in the caudate nucleus coinciding with the region-specific neuroprotective effect of TH. H 2 or CO 2 did not augment TH‑induced neuroprotection in any brain areas; rather, CO 2 even abolished the neuroprotective effect of TH in the caudate nucleus. In conclusion, the present findings do not support the use of these medical gases to supplement TH in HIE management.
    Keywords hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy ; perinatal asphyxia ; therapeutic hypothermia ; piglet model ; hydrogen ventilation ; brain-derived neurotrophic factor ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 290
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: The Kynurenic Acid Analog SZR72 Enhances Neuronal Activity after Asphyxia but Is Not Neuroprotective in a Translational Model of Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy

    Viktória Kovács / Gábor Remzső / Tímea Körmöczi / Róbert Berkecz / Valéria Tóth-Szűki / Andrea Pénzes / László Vécsei / Ferenc Domoki

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 4822, p

    2021  Volume 4822

    Abstract: Hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) remains to be a major cause of long-term neurodevelopmental deficits in term neonates. Hypothermia offers partial neuroprotection warranting research for additional therapies. Kynurenic acid (KYNA), an endogenous ... ...

    Abstract Hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) remains to be a major cause of long-term neurodevelopmental deficits in term neonates. Hypothermia offers partial neuroprotection warranting research for additional therapies. Kynurenic acid (KYNA), an endogenous product of tryptophan metabolism, was previously shown to be beneficial in rat HIE models. We sought to determine if the KYNA analog SZR72 would afford neuroprotection in piglets. After severe asphyxia (pHa = 6.83 ± 0.02, ΔBE = −17.6 ± 1.2 mmol/L, mean ± SEM), anesthetized piglets were assigned to vehicle-treated (VEH), SZR72-treated (SZR72), or hypothermia-treated (HT) groups ( n = 6, 6, 6; Tcore = 38.5, 38.5, 33.5 °C, respectively). Compared to VEH, serum KYNA levels were elevated, recovery of EEG was faster, and EEG power spectral density values were higher at 24 h in the SZR72 group. However, instantaneous entropy indicating EEG signal complexity, depression of the visual evoked potential (VEP), and the significant neuronal damage observed in the neocortex, the putamen, and the CA1 hippocampal field were similar in these groups. In the caudate nucleus and the CA3 hippocampal field, neuronal damage was even more severe in the SZR72 group. The HT group showed the best preservation of EEG complexity, VEP, and neuronal integrity in all examined brain regions. In summary, SZR72 appears to enhance neuronal activity after asphyxia but does not ameliorate early neuronal damage in this HIE model.
    Keywords birth asphyxia ; neonatal encephalopathy ; newborn pig ; therapeutic hypothermia ; kynurenine ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: NMDA attenuates the neurovascular response to hypercapnia in the neonatal cerebral cortex

    Gábor Remzső / János Németh / Valéria Tóth-Szűki / Viktória Varga / Viktória Kovács / Ferenc Domoki

    Scientific Reports, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2019  Volume 13

    Abstract: Abstract Cortical spreading depolarization (SD) involves activation of NMDA receptors and elicit neurovascular unit dysfunction. NMDA cannot trigger SD in newborns, thus its effect on neurovascular function is not confounded by other aspects of SD. The ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Cortical spreading depolarization (SD) involves activation of NMDA receptors and elicit neurovascular unit dysfunction. NMDA cannot trigger SD in newborns, thus its effect on neurovascular function is not confounded by other aspects of SD. The present study investigated if NMDA affected hypercapnia-induced microvascular and electrophysiological responses in the cerebral cortex of newborn pigs. Anesthetized piglets were fitted with cranial windows over the parietal cortex to study hemodynamic and electrophysiological responses to graded hypercapnia before/after topically applied NMDA assessed with laser-speckle contrast imaging and recording of local field potentials (LFP)/neuronal firing, respectively. NMDA increased cortical blood flow (CoBF), suppressed LFP power in most frequency bands but evoked a 2.5 Hz δ oscillation. The CoBF response to hypercapnia was abolished after NMDA and the hypercapnia-induced biphasic changes in δ and θ LFP power were also altered. MK-801 prevented NMDA-induced increases in CoBF and the attenuation of microvascular reactivity to hypercapnia. The neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitor (N-(4 S)-4-amino-5-[aminoethyl]aminopentyl-N′-nitroguanidin) also significantly preserved the CoBF response to hypercapnia after NMDA, although it didn’t reduce NMDA-induced increases in CoBF. In conclusion, excess activation of NMDA receptors alone can elicit SD-like neurovascular unit dysfunction involving nNOS activity.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: The Influence of Preparation Conditions on the Hydrogen Sorption of Mg-Nb₂O

    Révész, Ádám / Spassov, Tony / Kis, Viktória Kovács / Schafler, Erhard / Gajdics, Marcell

    Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology

    2020  Volume 20, Issue 7, Page(s) 4587–4590

    Abstract: High energy ball milling and subsequent high-pressure torsion method was carried out on nanocrystalline Mg powders catalyzed by 5 wt.% Nb₂ ... ...

    Abstract High energy ball milling and subsequent high-pressure torsion method was carried out on nanocrystalline Mg powders catalyzed by 5 wt.% Nb₂O
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1533-4899
    ISSN (online) 1533-4899
    DOI 10.1166/jnn.2020.17871
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Study of the Microstructure of Amorphous Silica Nanostructures Using High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy, X-ray Powder Diffraction, and Electron Pair Distribution Function.

    Khouchaf, Lahcen / Boulahya, Khalid / Das, Partha Pratim / Nicolopoulos, Stavros / Kis, Viktória Kovács / Lábár, János L

    Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

    2020  Volume 13, Issue 19

    Abstract: Silica has many industrial (i.e., glass formers) and scientific applications. The understanding and prediction of the interesting properties of such materials are dependent on the knowledge of detailed atomic structures. In this work, amorphous silica ... ...

    Abstract Silica has many industrial (i.e., glass formers) and scientific applications. The understanding and prediction of the interesting properties of such materials are dependent on the knowledge of detailed atomic structures. In this work, amorphous silica subjected to an accelerated alkali silica reaction (ASR) was recorded at different time intervals so as to follow the evolution of the structure by means of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), and electron pair distribution function (e-PDF), combined with X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD). An increase in the size of the amorphous silica nanostructures and nanopores was observed by HRTEM, which was accompanied by the possible formation of Si-OH surface species. All of the studied samples were found to be amorphous, as observed by HRTEM, a fact that was also confirmed by XRPD and e-PDF analysis. A broad diffuse peak observed in the XRPD pattern showed a shift toward higher angles following the higher reaction times of the ASR-treated material. A comparison of the EELS spectra revealed varying spectral features in the peak edges with different reaction times due to the interaction evolution between oxygen and the silicon and OH ions. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was also used to elucidate the silica nanostructures.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-01
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2487261-1
    ISSN 1996-1944
    ISSN 1996-1944
    DOI 10.3390/ma13194393
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Partition of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn among mineral particles during their sorption in soils

    Sipos, Péter / Adrienn Tóth / Viktória Kovács Kis / Réka Balázs / Ivett Kovács / Tibor Németh

    Journal of soils and sediments. 2019 Apr., v. 19, no. 4

    2019  

    Abstract: PURPOSE: Heterogeneity of soil mineral particles may lead to the misinterpretation of bulk sorption data on their role in metal sorption, which may be resolved through the direct observation of metal distribution among the soil particles after the ... ...

    Abstract PURPOSE: Heterogeneity of soil mineral particles may lead to the misinterpretation of bulk sorption data on their role in metal sorption, which may be resolved through the direct observation of metal distribution among the soil particles after the sorption. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Analytical transmission electron microscopy was used to study metal (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) sorption characteristics of clay minerals, Fe-oxyhydroxides and their natural assemblages in soils with contrasting pH under single element and competitive situations. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Iron-oxyhydroxides sorbed higher metal amounts than clay mineral particles mostly, and the sorption capacity of the latter phases were more affected by competition. Iron-oxyhydroxide particles acted as effective metal sorbents in soils not only as individual particles but also as coatings on other mineral particles, and the structural Fe in clay minerals may also resulted in higher metal sorption in some cases. Besides the direct observation of metal sorption onto soil mineral particles, metal precipitates could be identified directly, and the role of organic surfaces in metal sorption could be inferred indirectly in certain cases. CONCLUSIONS: Comparison of metal affinity sequences and their partition characteristics between the bulk soil and different mineral particles were found to be an effective tool to specify the most active mineral components in metal sorption at given soil and sorption condition.
    Keywords cadmium ; clay minerals ; coatings ; copper ; iron ; iron oxyhydroxides ; lead ; pH ; soil heterogeneity ; soil minerals ; sorbents ; sorption ; transmission electron microscopy ; zinc
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-04
    Size p. 1775-1787.
    Publishing place Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2050898-0
    ISSN 1614-7480 ; 1439-0108
    ISSN (online) 1614-7480
    ISSN 1439-0108
    DOI 10.1007/s11368-018-2184-z
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  10. Article ; Online: Brain interstitial pH changes in the subacute phase of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in newborn pigs.

    Gábor Remzső / János Németh / Viktória Varga / Viktória Kovács / Valéria Tóth-Szűki / Kai Kaila / Juha Voipio / Ferenc Domoki

    PLoS ONE, Vol 15, Iss 5, p e

    2020  Volume 0233851

    Abstract: Brain interstitial pH (pHbrain) alterations play an important role in the mechanisms of neuronal injury in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) induced by perinatal asphyxia. The newborn pig is an established large animal model to study HIE, ... ...

    Abstract Brain interstitial pH (pHbrain) alterations play an important role in the mechanisms of neuronal injury in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) induced by perinatal asphyxia. The newborn pig is an established large animal model to study HIE, however, only limited information on pHbrain alterations is available in this species and it is restricted to experimental perinatal asphyxia (PA) and the immediate reventilation. Therefore, we sought to determine pHbrain over the first 24h of HIE development in piglets. Anaesthetized, ventilated newborn pigs (n = 16) were instrumented to control major physiological parameters. pHbrain was determined in the parietal cortex using a pH-selective microelectrode. PA was induced by ventilation with a gas mixture containing 6%O2-20%CO2 for 20 min, followed by reventilation with air for 24h, then the brains were processed for histopathology assessment. The core temperature was maintained unchanged during PA (38.4±0.1 vs 38.3±0.1°C, at baseline versus the end of PA, respectively; mean±SEM). In the arterial blood, PA resulted in severe hypoxia (PaO2: 65±4 vs 23±1*mmHg, *p<0.05) as well as acidosis (pHa: 7.53±0.03 vs 6.79±0.02*) that is consistent with the observed hypercapnia (PaCO2: 37±3 vs 160±6*mmHg) and lactacidemia (1.6±0.3 vs 10.3±0.7*mmol/L). Meanwhile, pHbrain decreased progressively from 7.21±0.03 to 5.94±0.11*. Reventilation restored pHa, blood gases and metabolites within 4 hours except for PaCO2 that remained slightly elevated. pHbrain returned to 7.0 in 29.4±5.5 min and then recovered to its baseline level without showing secondary alterations during the 24 h observation period. Neuropathological assessment also confirmed neuronal injury. In conclusion, in spite of the severe acidosis and alterations in blood gases during experimental PA, pHbrain recovered rapidly and notably, there was no post-asphyxia hypocapnia that is commonly observed in many HIE babies. Thus, the neuronal injury in our piglet model is not associated with abnormal pHbrain or low PaCO2 ...
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 630
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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