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Article ; Online: Increased body movement equals better performance? Not always! Musical style determines motion degree perceived as optimal in music performance.

Moura, Nádia / Fonseca, Pedro / Vilas-Boas, João Paulo / Serra, Sofia

2024

Abstract: Musicians' body behaviour has a preponderant role in audience perception. We investigated how performers' motion is perceived depending on the musical style and musical expertise. To further explore the effect of visual input, stimuli were presented in ... ...

Abstract	Musicians' body behaviour has a preponderant role in audience perception. We investigated how performers' motion is perceived depending on the musical style and musical expertise. To further explore the effect of visual input, stimuli were presented in audio-only, audio-visual and visual-only conditions. We used motion and audio recordings of expert saxophone players playing two contrasting excerpts (positively and negatively valenced). For each excerpt, stimuli represented five motion degrees with increasing quantity of motion (QoM) and distinct predominant gestures. In the experiment (online and in-person), 384 participants rated performance recordings for expressiveness, professionalism and overall quality. Results revealed that, for the positively valenced excerpt, ratings increased as a function of QoM, whilst for the negatively valenced, the recording with predominant flap motion was favoured. Musicianship did not have a significant effect in motion perception. Concerning multisensory integration, both musicians and non-musicians presented visual dominance in the positively valenced excerpt, whereas in the negatively valenced, musicians shifted to auditory dominance. Our findings demonstrate that musical style not only determines the way observers perceive musicians' movement as adequate, but also that it can promote changes in multisensory integration.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-08
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1463034-5
ISSN	1430-2772 ; 0340-0727
ISSN (online)	1430-2772
ISSN	0340-0727
DOI	10.1007/s00426-024-01928-x
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Muscular and Prefrontal Cortex Activity during Dual-Task Performing in Young Adults.

Saraiva, Marina / Castro, Maria António / Vilas-Boas, João Paulo

European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education

2023 Volume 13, Issue 4, Page(s) 736–747

Abstract: Postural control depends on attentional resources besides automatic processes. The dual-task paradigm is a possible approach to analyzing the interference and performance between motor and/or cognitive tasks. Various studies showed that, when individuals ...

Abstract	Postural control depends on attentional resources besides automatic processes. The dual-task paradigm is a possible approach to analyzing the interference and performance between motor and/or cognitive tasks. Various studies showed that, when individuals simultaneously perform two tasks, the postural stability can decline during a dual-task compared with a single-task due to the attentional resources required performing the tasks. However, little is known about the cortical and muscular activity pattern during dual-task performance. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the muscular and prefrontal activity under dual-task performance in healthy young adults. Thirty-four healthy young adults (mean age ± SD = 22.74 ± 3.74 years) were recruited to perform a postural task (standing posture) and a dual-task (maintaining standing posture while performing a cognitive task). Lower-limb muscle activity was bilaterally collected from five muscles using surface electromyography (sEMG), and the co-contraction index (CCI) was also calculated for selected muscle pairings. The oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin concentrations (prefrontal cortex activity) were recorded using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Data were compared between single- and dual-task performance. Prefrontal activity increased (
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-31
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3041279-1
ISSN	2254-9625 ; 2174-8144
ISSN (online)	2254-9625
ISSN	2174-8144
DOI	10.3390/ejihpe13040055
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Article: The kinematic profile of ventral swimming start: sex diversity.

Rudnik, Daria Malgorzata / Rejman, Marek / Vilas-Boas, Joao Paulo

Frontiers in physiology

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1157359

Abstract: It has been suggested that sex distinctions in physiology may affect the swimming performance of each sex differently. Yet, sex-based performance dependency has not been taken into consideration by most of the researchers evaluating swimming start. ... ...

Abstract	It has been suggested that sex distinctions in physiology may affect the swimming performance of each sex differently. Yet, sex-based performance dependency has not been taken into consideration by most of the researchers evaluating swimming start. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to determine the effect of sex heterogeneity on the spatiotemporal characteristics of swimming start by investigating the determinants of its performance. A total of fifty-two international-level swimmers (thirty females and twenty-two males) performed three repetitions of the kick-start up to the 15-m mark. During trials, data were collected using video cameras and instrumented starting block. To search for evidence of differences between the two groups, the one-way ANOVA was conducted. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated between measurements widely used to describe overall starting performance and selected kinematical variables of swimming start. A sex effect was exposed for temporal variables describing all swimming start phases (
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-01
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2564217-0
ISSN	1664-042X
ISSN	1664-042X
DOI	10.3389/fphys.2023.1157359
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Article ; Online: Influence of cognitive and motor tasks using smartphone during gait: EMG and gait performance analysis - Dual-task study.

Saraiva, Marina / Castro, Maria António / Vilas-Boas, João Paulo

Human movement science

2023 Volume 89, Page(s) 103097

Abstract: Previous studies reported changes in spatiotemporal gait parameters during dual-task performance while walking using a smartphone compared to walking without a smartphone. However, studies that assess muscle activity while walking and simultaneously ... ...

Abstract	Previous studies reported changes in spatiotemporal gait parameters during dual-task performance while walking using a smartphone compared to walking without a smartphone. However, studies that assess muscle activity while walking and simultaneously performing smartphone tasks are scarce. So, this study aimed to assess the effects of motor and cognitive tasks using a smartphone while simultaneously performing gait on muscle activity and gait spatiotemporal parameters in healthy young adults. Thirty young adults (22.83 ± 3.92 years) performed five tasks: walking without a smartphone (single-task, ST); typing on a smartphone keyboard in a sitting position (secondary motor single-task); performing a cognitive task on a smartphone in a sitting position (cognitive single-task); walking while typing on a smartphone keyboard (motor dual-task, mot-DT) and walking while performing a cognitive task on a smartphone (cognitive dual-task, cog-DT). Gait speed, stride length, stride width and cycle time were collected using an optical motion capture system coupled with two force plates. Muscle activity was recorded using surface electromyographic signals from bilateral biceps femoris, rectus femoris, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius medialis, gastrocnemius lateralis, gluteus maximus and lumbar erector spinae. Results showed a decrease in stride length and gait speed from the single-task to cog-DT and mot-DT (p < 0.05). On the other hand, muscle activity increased in most muscles analyzed from single- to dual-task conditions (p < 0.05). In conclusion, performing a cognitive or motor task using a smartphone while walking promote a decline in spatiotemporal gait parameters performance and change muscle activity pattern compared to normal walking.
MeSH term(s)	Young Adult ; Humans ; Smartphone ; Cognition ; Gait/physiology ; Walking/physiology ; Gait Analysis
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-03
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	601851-8
ISSN	1872-7646 ; 0167-9457
ISSN (online)	1872-7646
ISSN	0167-9457
DOI	10.1016/j.humov.2023.103097
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Article ; Online: Is the use of the coefficient of variation a valid way to assess the swimming intra-cycle velocity fluctuation?

Gonjo, Tomohiro / Fernandes, Ricardo J / Vilas-Boas, João Paulo / Sanders, Ross

Journal of science and medicine in sport

2023 Volume 26, Issue 6, Page(s) 328–334

Abstract: Objectives: Swimming intra-cycle velocity fluctuation has often been assessed using the coefficient of variation, which requires a mathematical assumption of a positive linear relationship between the velocity mean and standard deviation. As this ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Swimming intra-cycle velocity fluctuation has often been assessed using the coefficient of variation, which requires a mathematical assumption of a positive linear relationship between the velocity mean and standard deviation. As this assumption has never been tested, the current study aimed to investigate the within-participant relationship between the mean and standard deviation of the intra-cycle velocity. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: The intra-trial mean and standard deviation of one stroke cycle centre of mass velocity (vCM Results: Neither the linear regression model (95 % confidence interval range of the fixed effect of vCM Conclusions: When investigating the intra-cycle velocity fluctuation, the coefficient of variation should not be used alone. Researchers and practitioners should always interpret/report the obtained results together with the mean and standard deviation to avoid misleading conclusions and feedback because the coefficient of variation obtained from one cycle velocity data is likely biased by mean velocity.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Swimming ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Biomechanical Phenomena
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-19
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1437829-2
ISSN	1878-1861 ; 1440-2440
ISSN (online)	1878-1861
ISSN	1440-2440
DOI	10.1016/j.jsams.2023.05.004
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Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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Article ; Online: The Role of Sleep Quality and Physical Activity Level on Gait Speed and Brain Hemodynamics Changes in Young Adults-A Dual-Task Study.

Saraiva, Marina / Castro, Maria António / Vilas-Boas, João Paulo

European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education

2022 Volume 12, Issue 11, Page(s) 1673–1681

Abstract: Walking requires attentional resources, and the studies using neuroimage techniques have grown to understand the interaction between cortical activity and motor performance. Previous studies reported a decline in gait performance and changes in the ... ...

Abstract	Walking requires attentional resources, and the studies using neuroimage techniques have grown to understand the interaction between cortical activity and motor performance. Previous studies reported a decline in gait performance and changes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity during a dual-task performance compared to walking only. Some lifestyle factors, such as sleep and physical activity (PA) levels, can compromise walking performance and brain activity. Nonetheless, the studies are scarce. This study aimed to assess gait speed and hemodynamic response in the PFC during a cognitive dual-task (cog-DT) compared to walking only, and to analyze the correlation between PA and sleep quality (SQ) with gait performance and hemodynamic response in the PFC during a single task (ST) and cog-DT performance in young adults. A total of 18 healthy young adults (mean age ± SD = 24.11 ± 4.11 years) participated in this study. They performed a single motor task (mot-ST)—normal walking—and a cog-DT—walking while performing a cognitive task on a smartphone. Gait speed was collected using a motion capture system coupled with two force plates. The hemoglobin differences (Hb-diff), oxyhemoglobin ([oxy-Hb]) and deoxyhemoglobin ([deoxy-Hb]) concentrations in the PFC were obtained using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. The SQ and PA were assessed through the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index and International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form questionnaires, respectively. The results show a decrease in gait speed (p < 0.05), a decrease in [deoxy-Hb] (p < 0.05), and an increase in Hb-diff (p < 0.05) and [oxy-Hb] (p > 0.05) in the prefrontal cortex during the cog-DT compared to the single task. A positive correlation between SQ and Hb-diff during the cog-DT performance was found. In conclusion, the PFC’s hemodynamic response during the cog-DT suggests that young adults prioritize cognitive tasks over motor performance. SQ only correlates with the Hb-diff during the cog-DT, showing that poor sleep quality was associated with increased Hb-diff in the PFC. The gait performance and hemodynamic response do not correlate with physical activity level.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-17
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3041279-1
ISSN	2254-9625 ; 2174-8144
ISSN (online)	2254-9625
ISSN	2174-8144
DOI	10.3390/ejihpe12110117
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Article ; Online: Effects of Motor Task Difficulty on Postural Control Complexity during Dual Tasks in Young Adults: A Nonlinear Approach.

Saraiva, Marina / Vilas-Boas, João Paulo / Fernandes, Orlando J / Castro, Maria António

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 23, Issue 2

Abstract: Few studies have evaluated the effect of a secondary motor task on the standing posture based on nonlinear analysis. However, it is helpful to extract information related to the complexity, stability, and adaptability to the environment of the human ... ...

Abstract	Few studies have evaluated the effect of a secondary motor task on the standing posture based on nonlinear analysis. However, it is helpful to extract information related to the complexity, stability, and adaptability to the environment of the human postural system. This study aimed to analyze the effect of two motor tasks with different difficulty levels in motor performance complexity on the static standing posture in healthy young adults. Thirty-five healthy participants (23.08 ± 3.92 years) performed a postural single task (ST: keep a quiet standing posture) and two motor dual tasks (DT). i.e., mot-DT(A)—perform the ST while performing simultaneously an easy motor task (taking a smartphone out of a bag, bringing it to the ear, and putting it back in the bag)—and mot-DT(T)—perform the ST while performing a concurrent difficult motor task (typing on the smartphone keyboard). The approximate entropy (ApEn), Lyapunov exponent (LyE), correlation dimension (CoDim), and fractal dimension (detrending fluctuation analysis, DFA) for the mediolateral (ML) and anterior-posterior (AP) center-of-pressure (CoP) displacement were measured with a force plate while performing the tasks. A significant difference was found between the two motor dual tasks in ApEn, DFA, and CoDim-AP (p < 0.05). For the ML CoP direction, all nonlinear variables in the study were significantly different (p < 0.05) between ST and mot-DT(T), showing impairment in postural control during mot-DT(T) compared to ST. Differences were found across ST and mot-DT(A) in ApEn-AP and DFA (p < 0.05). The mot-DT(T) was associated with less effectiveness in postural control, a lower number of degrees of freedom, less complexity and adaptability of the dynamic system than the postural single task and the mot-DT(A).
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Young Adult ; Posture ; Standing Position ; Postural Balance ; Entropy ; Fractals
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-05
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2052857-7
ISSN	1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
ISSN (online)	1424-8220
ISSN	1424-8220
DOI	10.3390/s23020628
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Article: Intracycle Velocity Variation in Swimming: A Systematic Scoping Review.

Fernandes, Aléxia / Afonso, José / Noronha, Francisco / Mezêncio, Bruno / Vilas-Boas, João Paulo / Fernandes, Ricardo J

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 10, Issue 3

Abstract: Intracycle velocity variation is a swimming relevant research topic, focusing on understanding the interaction between hydrodynamic propulsive and drag forces. We have performed a systematic scoping review to map the main concepts, sources and types of ... ...

Abstract	Intracycle velocity variation is a swimming relevant research topic, focusing on understanding the interaction between hydrodynamic propulsive and drag forces. We have performed a systematic scoping review to map the main concepts, sources and types of evidence accomplished. Searches were conducted in the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases, as well as the Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming Symposia Proceedings Book, with manual searches, snowballing citation tracking, and external experts consultation. The eligibility criteria included competitive swimmers' intracycle velocity variation assessment of any sex, distance, pace, swimming technique and protocol. Studies' characteristics were summarized and expressed in an evidence gap map, and the risk of bias was judged using RoBANS. A total of 76 studies, corresponding to 68 trials involving 1440 swimmers (55.2 and 34.1% males and females), were included, with only 20 (29.4%) presenting an overall low risk of bias. The front crawl was the most studied swimming technique and intracycle velocity variation was assessed and quantified in several ways, leading to extremely divergent results. Researchers related intracycle velocity variation to coordination, energy cost, fatigue, technical proficiency, velocity, swimming techniques variants and force. Future studies should focus on studying backstroke, breaststroke and butterfly at high intensities, in young, youth and world-class swimmers, as well as in IVV quantification.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-28
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2746191-9
ISSN	2306-5354
ISSN	2306-5354
DOI	10.3390/bioengineering10030308
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Article: Knee flexion of saxophone players anticipates tonal context of music.

Moura, Nádia / Vidal, Marc / Aguilera, Ana M / Vilas-Boas, João Paulo / Serra, Sofia / Leman, Marc

NPJ science of learning

2023 Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 22

Abstract: Music performance requires high levels of motor control. Professional musicians use body movements not only to accomplish and help technical efficiency, but to shape expressive interpretation. Here, we recorded motion and audio data of twenty ... ...

Abstract	Music performance requires high levels of motor control. Professional musicians use body movements not only to accomplish and help technical efficiency, but to shape expressive interpretation. Here, we recorded motion and audio data of twenty participants performing four musical fragments varying in the degree of technical difficulty to analyze how knee flexion is employed by expert saxophone players. Using a computational model of the auditory periphery, we extracted emergent acoustical properties of sound to inference critical cognitive patterns of music processing and relate them to motion data. Results showed that knee flexion is causally linked to tone expectations and correlated to rhythmical density, suggesting that this gesture is associated with expressive and facilitative purposes. Furthermore, when instructed to play immobile, participants tended to microflex (>1 Hz) more frequently compared to when playing expressively, possibly indicating a natural urge to move to the music. These results underline the robustness of body movement in musical performance, providing valuable insights for the understanding of communicative processes, and development of motor learning cues.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2056-7936
ISSN	2056-7936
DOI	10.1038/s41539-023-00172-z
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Article ; Online: Effect of Randall foils on the rowing propulsive cycle.

Cardoso, Ricardo / Fonseca, Pedro / Goethel, Márcio / Abraldes, J A / Gomes, Beatriz B / Vilas-Boas, João Paulo / Fernandes, Ricardo J

Sports biomechanics

2024 , Page(s) 1–10

Abstract: Rowing performance depends on the design and building materials used for competition. Recently, attempting to improve rowing performance, the Randall foil has been attached to the top edge of a rowing Big blade, making it spoon shaped. The current study ... ...

Abstract	Rowing performance depends on the design and building materials used for competition. Recently, attempting to improve rowing performance, the Randall foil has been attached to the top edge of a rowing Big blade, making it spoon shaped. The current study aimed to analyse the differences between Big blades with and without Randall foils in force-related variables. Nineteen rowers performed two bouts of 90 s at maximal effort tethered rowing and differences were found in cycle average peak force (4.33 ± 1.46 vs. 5.26 ± 1.57 N/kg), propulsive cycle average time (1.79 ± 0.38 vs. 1.52 ± 0.24 N/kg.s) and rate of force development (8.79 ± 4.75 vs. 12.07 ± 4.60 N/kg/s) for Big blades with and without foils (respectively). Differences were also observed between the middle (4.79 ± 1.21 vs. 4.08 ± 1.48 N/kg) and final phases (4.86 ± 1.45 vs. 4.04 ± 1.47 N/kg) of the rowing effort for the cycle average peak force of Big blades with and without Randall foils. Data suggest a positive effect of these foils on the force-time curve profile. Future studies should focus on testing its influence on free on-water rowing.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1752-6116
ISSN (online)	1752-6116
DOI	10.1080/14763141.2023.2298968
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