Article ; Online: Role of sex and gender in concussion outcome differences among patients presenting to the emergency department: a systematic review.
Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention
2023 Volume 29, Issue 6, Page(s) 537–544
Abstract: Objective: This systematic review aimed to identify research involving adults presenting to the emergency department (ED) with a concussion to document the reporting of sex and/or gender according to the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) ... ...
| Abstract | Objective: This systematic review aimed to identify research involving adults presenting to the emergency department (ED) with a concussion to document the reporting of sex and/or gender according to the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) guidelines, the prevalence of sex and gender-based analysis (SGBA) and to summarise sex and/or gender-based differences in ED presentation, management and outcomes. Design: Systematic review. Methods: Electronic databases and grey literature were searched to identify studies that recruited adult patients with concussion from the ED. Two independent reviewers identified eligible studies, assessed quality and extracted data. A descriptive summary of the evidence was generated, and sex and/or gender reporting was examined for accuracy according to standardised criteria. Results: Overall, 126 studies were included in the analyses. A total of 80 (64%) studies reported sex and/or gender as demographic information, of which 51 (64%) included sex and/or gender in their analysis; however, 2 (3%) studies focused on an SGBA. Sex was more accurately reported in alignment with CIHR definitions than gender (94% vs 12%; p<0.0001). In total, 25 studies used an SGBA for outcomes of interest. Males and females experience different causes of concussion, 60% of studies documented that females had less frequent CT scanning while in the ED, and 57% of studies reported that postconcussion syndrome was more prevalent in females and women. Conclusion: This systematic review highlighted that sex is reported more accurately than gender, approximately half of studies did not report either sex and/or gender as demographic information, and one-third of studies did not include SGBA. There were important sex and gender differences in the cause, ED presentation, management and outcomes of concussions. Prospero registration number: CRD42021258613. |
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| MeSH term(s) | Male ; Adult ; Humans ; Female ; Canada/epidemiology ; Brain Concussion/epidemiology ; Brain Concussion/therapy ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Sex Factors ; Prevalence |
| Language | English |
| Publishing date | 2023-11-27 |
| Publishing country | England |
| Document type | Systematic Review ; Journal Article |
| ZDB-ID | 1433667-4 |
| ISSN | 1475-5785 ; 1353-8047 |
| ISSN (online) | 1475-5785 |
| ISSN | 1353-8047 |
| DOI | 10.1136/ip-2022-044822 |
| Database | MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |
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