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  1. Article ; Online: Targeting the BspC-vimentin interaction to develop anti-virulence therapies during Group B streptococcal meningitis.

    Manzer, Haider S / Villarreal, Ricardo I / Doran, Kelly S

    PLoS pathogens

    2022  Volume 18, Issue 3, Page(s) e1010397

    Abstract: Bacterial infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and the rise of antibiotic resistance necessitates development of alternative treatments. Pathogen adhesins that bind to host cells initiate disease pathogenesis and represent ... ...

    Abstract Bacterial infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and the rise of antibiotic resistance necessitates development of alternative treatments. Pathogen adhesins that bind to host cells initiate disease pathogenesis and represent potential therapeutic targets. We have shown previously that the BspC adhesin in Group B Streptococcus (GBS), the leading cause of bacterial neonatal meningitis, interacts with host vimentin to promote attachment to brain endothelium and disease development. Here we determined that the BspC variable (V-) domain contains the vimentin binding site and promotes GBS adherence to brain endothelium. Site directed mutagenesis identified a binding pocket necessary for GBS host cell interaction and development of meningitis. Using a virtual structure-based drug screen we identified compounds that targeted the V-domain binding pocket, which blocked GBS adherence and entry into the brain in vivo. These data indicate the utility of targeting the pathogen-host interface to develop anti-virulence therapeutics.
    MeSH term(s) Adhesins, Bacterial/genetics ; Adhesins, Bacterial/metabolism ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Meningitis, Bacterial/metabolism ; Streptococcal Infections/microbiology ; Streptococcus agalactiae ; Vimentin/metabolism ; Virulence
    Chemical Substances Adhesins, Bacterial ; Vimentin
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2205412-1
    ISSN 1553-7374 ; 1553-7374
    ISSN (online) 1553-7374
    ISSN 1553-7374
    DOI 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010397
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Older Adults' Preferences Regarding Firearm Locking Device Use: Results of a National Survey.

    Villarreal, Ricardo I / Stanley, Ian H / Anestis, Michael D / Buck-Atkinson, Jessica / Betz, Marian E

    Clinical gerontologist

    2023  , Page(s) 1–11

    Abstract: Objectives: Use of firearm locking devices may reduce the risk of suicide and injury among older adults. This study describes older adults' preferences when choosing a firearm locking device.: Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of a ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Use of firearm locking devices may reduce the risk of suicide and injury among older adults. This study describes older adults' preferences when choosing a firearm locking device.
    Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of a nationally representative survey of US adult firearm owners (
    Results: The top three factors cited as impacting firearm locking device selection included speed (53.6%) and ease of firearm access from device (52.4%), and cost of the device (28.7%). These top factors were comparable for all adults across genders. A larger proportion of older vs younger males reported that a primary preference was whether the device allows the firearm to remain loaded with ammunition; smaller proportions of older vs younger males reported strength of device (device durability) and costs.
    Conclusions: Preference among older adults, particularly older males, for locking devices that maintain the firearms easy to access - especially, loaded with ammunition - might impact firearm injury prevention efforts for this high-risk group.
    Clinical implications: For harm reduction, use of any firearm locking device may reduce the risk of firearm injury or death. Clinicians are encouraged to explore reasons for locking device selection within motivational interviewing frameworks.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 226146-7
    ISSN 1545-2301 ; 0731-7115
    ISSN (online) 1545-2301
    ISSN 0731-7115
    DOI 10.1080/07317115.2023.2285994
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.B 2772: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  3. Article ; Online: Prehospital Pharmacotherapy in Moderate and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review.

    Coburn, William / Trottier, Zachary / Villarreal, Ricardo I / Paulson, Matthew W / Woodard, Scott C / McKay, Jerome T / Bebarta, Vikhyat S / Flarity, Kathleen / Keenan, Sean / Schauer, Steven G

    Medical journal (Fort Sam Houston, Tex.)

    2023  , Issue Per 23-1/2/3, Page(s) 47–56

    Abstract: Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects civilian and military populations with high morbidity and mortality rates and devastating sequelae. As the US military shifts its operational paradigm to prepare for future large-scale combat operations, ... ...

    Abstract Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects civilian and military populations with high morbidity and mortality rates and devastating sequelae. As the US military shifts its operational paradigm to prepare for future large-scale combat operations, the need for prolonged casualty care is expected to intensify. Identifying efficacious prehospital TBI management strategies is therefore vital. Numerous pharmacotherapies are beneficial in the inpatient management of TBI, including beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, statins, and other agents. However, their utility in prehospital management of moderate or severe TBI is not well understood. We performed a systematic review to elucidate agents of potential prehospital benefit in moderate and severe TBI.
    Methods: We searched 6 databases from January 2000 through December 2021 without limitations in outcome metrics using a variety of search terms designed to encapsulate all studies pertaining to prehospital TBI management. We identified 2,142 unique articles, which netted 114 studies for full review. Seven studies met stringent inclusion criteria for our aims.
    Results: Studies meeting inclusion criteria assessed tranexamic acid (TXA) (n=6) and ethanol (n=1). Of the TXA studies, 3 were randomized controlled trials, 2 were retrospective cohort studies, 1 was a prospective cohort study, and 1 was a meta-analysis. Notably absent were papers investigating therapeutics shown to be beneficial in inpatient hospital treatment of TBI. Overall, data suggest TXA administration is potentially beneficial in moderate or severe TBI with or without intracranial hemorrhage. Severe TBI with or without penetrating trauma was associated with worse overall outcomes, regardless of TXA use.
    Conclusion: Effective interventions for treating moderate or severe TBI are lacking. TXA is the most widely studied pharmacologic intervention and appears to offer some benefit without adverse effects in moderate TBI (with or without intracranial hemorrhage) in the pre-hospital setting despite heterogeneous results. Limitations of these studies include heterogeneity in outcome metrics, patient populations, and circumstances of TXA use. We identified a gap in the literature in translating agents with demonstrated inpatient benefit to the prehospital setting. Further investigation into these and other novel therapeutic options in the prehospital arena is crucial to improving clinical outcomes in TBI.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Antifibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic/drug therapy ; Emergency Medical Services/methods ; Intracranial Hemorrhages/drug therapy ; Prospective Studies ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Retrospective Studies ; Tranexamic Acid/therapeutic use ; Meta-Analysis as Topic
    Chemical Substances Antifibrinolytic Agents ; Tranexamic Acid (6T84R30KC1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Systematic Review
    ISSN 2694-3611
    ISSN (online) 2694-3611
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Parent perceptions of emergent blood transfusion in children.

    Morgan, Katrina M / Lobo, Rachel / Annen, Kyle / Villarreal, Ricardo I / Chou, Stella / Uter, Stacey / Leonard, Julie C / Dyer, Cameryn / Yazer, Mark / Spinella, Philip C / Leeper, Christine M

    Transfusion

    2023  Volume 63 Suppl 3, Page(s) S35–S45

    Abstract: Background: RhD-negative blood products are in chronic short supply leading to renewed interest in utilizing RhD-positive blood products for emergency transfusions. This study assessed parental perceptions of emergency RhD-positive blood use in children. ...

    Abstract Background: RhD-negative blood products are in chronic short supply leading to renewed interest in utilizing RhD-positive blood products for emergency transfusions. This study assessed parental perceptions of emergency RhD-positive blood use in children.
    Methods: A survey of parents/guardians was conducted on their tolerance of transfusing RhD-positive blood to RhD-negative female children ≤17 years old at four level 1 pediatric hospitals.
    Results: In total, 621 parents/guardians were approached of whom 378/621 (61%) completed the survey in its entirety and were included in the analysis. Respondents were mostly females [295/378 (78%)], White [242/378 (64%)], had some college education [217/378 (57%)] and less than $60,000 annual income [193/378 (51%)]. Respondents had a total of 547 female children. Most children's ABO [320/547 (59%)] and RhD type [348/547 (64%)] were not known by their parents; of children with known RhD type, 58/186 (31%) were RhD-negative. When the risk of harm to a future fetus was given as 0-6%, more than 80% of respondents indicated that they were likely to accept RhD-positive blood transfusions on behalf of RhD-negative female children in a life-threatening situation. The rate of willingness to accept emergent RhD-incompatible blood transfusions significantly increased as the potential survival benefit of the transfusion increased.
    Conclusion: Most parents were willing to accept RhD-positive blood products on behalf of RhD-negative female children in an emergency situation. Further discussions and evidence-based guidelines on transfusing RhD-positive blood products to RhD-unknown females in emergency settings are needed.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Child ; Adolescent ; Male ; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System ; Blood Transfusion ; Blood Group Incompatibility ; Transfusion Reaction ; Fetus
    Chemical Substances Rh-Hr Blood-Group System
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208417-x
    ISSN 1537-2995 ; 0041-1132
    ISSN (online) 1537-2995
    ISSN 0041-1132
    DOI 10.1111/trf.17334
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 284: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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