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  1. Article ; Online: Development and Optimization of Bifunctional Fusion Proteins to Locally Modulate Complement Activation in Diseased Tissue.

    Fahnoe, Kelly C / Liu, Fei / Morgan, Jennifer G / Ryan, Sarah T / Storek, Michael / Stark, Ellen Garber / Taylor, Fred R / Holers, V Michael / Thurman, Joshua M / Wawersik, Stefan / Kalled, Susan L / Violette, Shelia M

    Frontiers in immunology

    2022  Volume 13, Page(s) 869725

    Abstract: Sustained complement activation is an underlying pathologic driver in many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Currently approved anti-complement therapies are directed at the systemic blockade of complement. Consequently, these therapies provide ... ...

    Abstract Sustained complement activation is an underlying pathologic driver in many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Currently approved anti-complement therapies are directed at the systemic blockade of complement. Consequently, these therapies provide widespread inhibition of complement pathway activity, beyond the site of ongoing activation and the intended pharmacodynamic (PD) effects. Given the essential role for complement in both innate and adaptive immunity, there is a need for therapies that inhibit complement in diseased tissue while limiting systemic blockade. One potential approach focuses on the development of novel fusion proteins that enable tissue-targeted delivery of complement negative regulatory proteins. These therapies are expected to provide increased potency and prolonged tissue PD, decreased dosing frequency, and the potential for improved safety profiles. We created a library of bifunctional fusion proteins that direct a fragment of the complement negative regulator, complement receptor type 1 (CR1) to sites of tissue injury. Tissue targeting is accomplished through the binding of the fusion protein to complement C3 fragments that contain a surface-exposed C3d domain and which are covalently deposited on tissues where complement is being activated. To that end, we generated a fusion protein that contains an anti-C3d monoclonal antibody recombinantly linked to the first 10 consensus repeats of CR1 (CR1
    MeSH term(s) Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Complement Activation ; Complement C3 ; Humans ; Receptors, Complement/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Complement C3 ; Receptors, Complement
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-16
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2606827-8
    ISSN 1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
    ISSN (online) 1664-3224
    ISSN 1664-3224
    DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2022.869725
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Randomized Phase IIa Clinical Study of an Anti-α

    Raghu, Ganesh / Mouded, Majd / Prasse, Antje / Stebbins, Christopher / Zhao, Guolin / Song, Guochen / Arefayene, Million / Violette, Shelia M / Gallagher, Diana / Gibson, Kevin F

    American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

    2022  Volume 206, Issue 9, Page(s) 1166–1168

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antigens, Neoplasm ; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ; Transforming Growth Factor beta
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antigens, Neoplasm ; Transforming Growth Factor beta
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Clinical Trial, Phase II ; Letter ; Randomized Controlled Trial
    ZDB-ID 1180953-x
    ISSN 1535-4970 ; 0003-0805 ; 1073-449X
    ISSN (online) 1535-4970
    ISSN 0003-0805 ; 1073-449X
    DOI 10.1164/rccm.202205-0868LE
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: C3d-Targeted factor H inhibits tissue complement in disease models and reduces glomerular injury without affecting circulating complement.

    Liu, Fei / Ryan, Sarah T / Fahnoe, Kelly C / Morgan, Jennifer G / Cheung, Anne E / Storek, Michael J / Best, Alejandro / Chen, Hui A / Locatelli, Monica / Xu, Shuyun / Schmidt, Enno / Schmidt-Jiménez, Leon F / Bieber, Katja / Henderson, Joel M / Lian, Christine G / Verschoor, Admar / Ludwig, Ralf J / Benigni, Ariela / Remuzzi, Giuseppe /
    Salant, David J / Kalled, Susan L / Thurman, Joshua M / Holers, V Michael / Violette, Shelia M / Wawersik, Stefan

    Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy

    2024  Volume 32, Issue 4, Page(s) 1061–1079

    Abstract: Complement-mediated diseases can be treated using systemic inhibitors. However, complement components are abundant in circulation, affecting systemic inhibitors' exposure and efficacy. Furthermore, because of complement's essential role in immunity, ... ...

    Abstract Complement-mediated diseases can be treated using systemic inhibitors. However, complement components are abundant in circulation, affecting systemic inhibitors' exposure and efficacy. Furthermore, because of complement's essential role in immunity, systemic treatments raise infection risk in patients. To address these challenges, we developed antibody fusion proteins combining the alternative-pathway complement inhibitor factor H (fH
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Mice ; Rats ; Animals ; Complement Factor H/genetics ; Complement C3d/metabolism ; Kidney Diseases/etiology ; Antibodies ; Complement Activation
    Chemical Substances Complement Factor H (80295-65-4) ; Complement C3d (80295-45-0) ; Antibodies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2010592-7
    ISSN 1525-0024 ; 1525-0016
    ISSN (online) 1525-0024
    ISSN 1525-0016
    DOI 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.02.001
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  4. Article: The αvβ6 integrin in cancer cell-derived small extracellular vesicles enhances angiogenesis.

    Krishn, Shiv Ram / Salem, Israa / Quaglia, Fabio / Naranjo, Nicole M / Agarwal, Ekta / Liu, Qin / Sarker, Srawasti / Kopenhaver, Jessica / McCue, Peter A / Weinreb, Paul H / Violette, Shelia M / Altieri, Dario C / Languino, Lucia R

    Journal of extracellular vesicles

    2020  Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 1763594

    Abstract: Prostate cancer (PrCa) cells crosstalk with the tumour microenvironment by releasing small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). sEVs, as well as large extracellular vesicles (LEVs), isolated via iodixanol density gradients from PrCa cell culture media, express ...

    Abstract Prostate cancer (PrCa) cells crosstalk with the tumour microenvironment by releasing small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). sEVs, as well as large extracellular vesicles (LEVs), isolated via iodixanol density gradients from PrCa cell culture media, express the epithelial-specific αvβ6 integrin, which is known to be induced in cancer. In this study, we show sEV-mediated protein transfer of αvβ6 integrin to microvascular endothelial cells (human microvascular endothelial cells 1 - HMEC1) and demonstrate that
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2683797-3
    ISSN 2001-3078
    ISSN 2001-3078
    DOI 10.1080/20013078.2020.1763594
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Blocking TGFβ via Inhibition of the αvβ6 Integrin: A Possible Therapy for Systemic Sclerosis Interstitial Lung Disease.

    Katsumoto, Tamiko R / Violette, Shelia M / Sheppard, Dean

    International journal of rheumatology

    2011  Volume 2011, Page(s) 208219

    Abstract: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a commonly encountered complication of systemic sclerosis (SSc) and accounts for a significant proportion of SSc-associated morbidity and mortality. Its pathogenesis remains poorly understood, and therapies that treat ... ...

    Abstract Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a commonly encountered complication of systemic sclerosis (SSc) and accounts for a significant proportion of SSc-associated morbidity and mortality. Its pathogenesis remains poorly understood, and therapies that treat SSc ILD are suboptimal, at best. SSc ILD pathogenesis may share some common mechanisms with other fibrotic lung diseases, in which dysregulation of lung epithelium can contribute to pathologic fibrosis via recruitment or in situ generation and activation of fibroblasts. TGFβ, a master regulator of fibrosis, is tightly regulated in the lung by the integrin αvβ6, which is expressed at low levels on healthy alveolar epithelial cells but is highly induced in the setting of lung injury or fibrosis. Here we discuss the biology of αvβ6 and present this integrin as a potentially attractive target for inhibition in the setting of SSc ILD.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-10-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2503284-7
    ISSN 1687-9279 ; 1687-9260
    ISSN (online) 1687-9279
    ISSN 1687-9260
    DOI 10.1155/2011/208219
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  6. Article ; Online: A Phase IIb Randomized Clinical Study of an Anti-α

    Raghu, Ganesh / Mouded, Majd / Chambers, Daniel C / Martinez, Fernando J / Richeldi, Luca / Lancaster, Lisa H / Hamblin, Mark J / Gibson, Kevin F / Rosas, Ivan O / Prasse, Antje / Zhao, Guolin / Serenko, Michael / Novikov, Natasha / McCurley, Amy / Bansal, Prashant / Stebbins, Christopher / Arefayene, Million / Ibebunjo, Stella / Violette, Shelia M /
    Gallagher, Diana / Behr, Jürgen

    American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

    2022  Volume 206, Issue 9, Page(s) 1128–1139

    Abstract: Rationale: ...

    Abstract Rationale:
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/drug therapy ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Double-Blind Method ; Immunoglobulin G
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Immunoglobulin G
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1180953-x
    ISSN 1535-4970 ; 0003-0805 ; 1073-449X
    ISSN (online) 1535-4970
    ISSN 0003-0805 ; 1073-449X
    DOI 10.1164/rccm.202112-2824OC
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  7. Article ; Online: The coagulation system contributes to alphaVbeta6 integrin expression and liver fibrosis induced by cholestasis.

    Sullivan, Bradley P / Weinreb, Paul H / Violette, Shelia M / Luyendyk, James P

    The American journal of pathology

    2010  Volume 177, Issue 6, Page(s) 2837–2849

    Abstract: Chronic injury to intrahepatic bile duct epithelial cells (BDECs) elicits expression of various mediators, including the αVβ6 integrin, promoting liver fibrosis. We tested the hypothesis that tissue factor (TF)-dependent thrombin generation and protease ... ...

    Abstract Chronic injury to intrahepatic bile duct epithelial cells (BDECs) elicits expression of various mediators, including the αVβ6 integrin, promoting liver fibrosis. We tested the hypothesis that tissue factor (TF)-dependent thrombin generation and protease activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) activation contribute to liver fibrosis induced by cholestasis via induction of αVβ6 expression. To test this hypothesis, mice deficient in either TF or PAR-1 were fed a diet containing 0.025% α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT), a BDEC-selective toxicant. In genetically modified mice with a 50% reduction in liver TF activity fed an ANIT diet, coagulation cascade activation and liver fibrosis were reduced. Similarly, liver fibrosis was significantly reduced in PAR-1(-/-) mice fed an ANIT diet. Hepatic integrin β6 mRNA induction, expression of αVβ6 protein by intrahepatic BDECs, and SMAD2 phosphorylation were reduced by TF deficiency and PAR-1 deficiency in mice fed the ANIT diet. Treatment with either an anti-αVβ6 blocking antibody or soluble transforming growth factor-β receptor type II reduced liver fibrosis in mice fed the ANIT diet. PAR-1 activation enhanced transforming growth factor-β1-induced integrin β6 mRNA expression in both transformed human BDECs and primary rat BDECs. Interestingly, TF and PAR-1 mRNA levels were increased in livers from patients with cholestatic liver disease. These results indicate that a TF-PAR-1 pathway contributes to liver fibrosis induced by chronic cholestasis by increasing expression of the αVβ6 integrin, an important regulator of transforming growth factor-β1 activation.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic/metabolism ; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic/pathology ; Blood Coagulation Factors/physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cholestasis/complications ; Cholestasis/genetics ; Cholestasis/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Integrin alphaV/genetics ; Integrin alphaV/metabolism ; Integrin beta Chains/genetics ; Integrin beta Chains/metabolism ; Liver Cirrhosis/etiology ; Liver Cirrhosis/genetics ; Liver Cirrhosis/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Middle Aged ; Rats ; Receptor, PAR-1/genetics ; Receptor, PAR-1/metabolism ; Receptor, PAR-1/physiology ; Thromboplastin/genetics ; Thromboplastin/metabolism ; Thromboplastin/physiology
    Chemical Substances Blood Coagulation Factors ; Integrin alphaV ; Integrin beta Chains ; Receptor, PAR-1 ; integrin beta6 ; Thromboplastin (9035-58-9)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-10-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2943-9
    ISSN 1525-2191 ; 0002-9440
    ISSN (online) 1525-2191
    ISSN 0002-9440
    DOI 10.2353/ajpath.2010.100425
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  8. Article ; Online: Inhibition of integrin α

    Olof Olsson, P / Gustafsson, Renata / Salnikov, Alexei V / Göthe, Maria / Zeller, Kathrin S / Friman, Tomas / Baldetorp, Bo / Koopman, Louise A / Weinreb, Paul H / Violette, Shelia M / Kalamajski, Sebastian / Heldin, Nils-Erik / Rubin, Kristofer

    Cell communication and signaling : CCS

    2018  Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) 36

    Abstract: Background: Chemotherapeutic efficacy can be improved by targeting the structure and function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the carcinomal stroma. This can be accomplished by e.g. inhibiting TGF-β1 and -β3 or treating with Imatinib, which results ...

    Abstract Background: Chemotherapeutic efficacy can be improved by targeting the structure and function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the carcinomal stroma. This can be accomplished by e.g. inhibiting TGF-β1 and -β3 or treating with Imatinib, which results in scarcer collagen fibril structure in xenografted human KAT-4/HT29 (KAT-4) colon adenocarcinoma.
    Methods: The potential role of α
    Results: Both KAT-4 and Capan-2 cells expressed the α
    Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that the α
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology ; Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Collagen/chemistry ; Collagen/metabolism ; Extracellular Fluid/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Integrins/immunology ; Integrins/metabolism ; Mice ; Pressure ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antigens, Neoplasm ; Integrins ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; integrin alphavbeta6 ; Collagen (9007-34-5)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-07-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1478-811X
    ISSN (online) 1478-811X
    DOI 10.1186/s12964-018-0249-7
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  9. Article ; Online: αvβ6 integrin is required for TGFβ1-mediated matrix metalloproteinase2 expression.

    Dutta, Anindita / Li, Jing / Fedele, Carmine / Sayeed, Aejaz / Singh, Amrita / Violette, Shelia M / Manes, Thomas D / Languino, Lucia R

    The Biochemical journal

    2015  Volume 466, Issue 3, Page(s) 525–536

    Abstract: Transforming growth factor (TGF) β1 activity depends on a complex signalling cascade that controls expression of several genes. Among others, TGFβ1 regulates expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) through activation of Smads. In the present study, ...

    Abstract Transforming growth factor (TGF) β1 activity depends on a complex signalling cascade that controls expression of several genes. Among others, TGFβ1 regulates expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) through activation of Smads. In the present study, we demonstrate for the first time that the αvβ6 integrin interacts with TGFβ receptor II (TβRII) through the β6 cytoplasmic domain and promotes Smad3 activation in prostate cancer (PrCa) cells. Another related αv integrin, αvβ5, as well as the αvβ6/3 integrin, which contains a chimeric form of β6 with a β3 cytoplasmic domain, do not associate with TβRII and fail to show similar responses. We provide evidence that αvβ6 is required for up-regulation of MMP2 by TGFβ1 through a Smad3-mediated transcriptional programme in PrCa cells. The functional relevance of these results is underscored by the finding that αvβ6 modulates cell migration in an MMP2-dependent manner on an αvβ6-specific ligand, latency-associated peptide (LAP)-TGFβ. Overall, these mechanistic studies establish that expression of a single integrin, αvβ6, is sufficient to promote activation of Smad3, regulation of MMP2 levels and consequent catalytic activity, as well as cell migration. Our study describes a new TGFβ1-αvβ6-MMP2 signalling pathway that, given TGFβ1 pro-metastatic activity, may have profound implications for PrCa therapy.
    MeSH term(s) Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement/drug effects ; Cell Movement/physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; Humans ; Integrins/metabolism ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/biosynthesis ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1/pharmacology
    Chemical Substances Antigens, Neoplasm ; Integrins ; TGFB1 protein, human ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; integrin alphavbeta6 ; MMP2 protein, human (EC 3.4.24.24) ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 (EC 3.4.24.24)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-03-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2969-5
    ISSN 1470-8728 ; 0006-2936 ; 0306-3275 ; 0264-6021
    ISSN (online) 1470-8728
    ISSN 0006-2936 ; 0306-3275 ; 0264-6021
    DOI 10.1042/BJ20140698
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  10. Article ; Online: αvβ6 integrin may be a potential prognostic biomarker in interstitial lung disease.

    Saini, Gauri / Porte, Joanne / Weinreb, Paul H / Violette, Shelia M / Wallace, William A / McKeever, Tricia M / Jenkins, Gisli

    The European respiratory journal

    2015  Volume 46, Issue 2, Page(s) 486–494

    Abstract: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and fibrotic nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis are progressive interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) with limited treatment options and poor survival. However, the rate of disease progression is variable, implying there ...

    Abstract Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and fibrotic nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis are progressive interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) with limited treatment options and poor survival. However, the rate of disease progression is variable, implying there may be different endotypes of disease. We hypothesised that immunophenotyping biopsies from ILD patients might reveal distinct endotypes of progressive fibrotic disease, which may facilitate stratification when undertaking clinical trials of novel therapies for IPF.43 paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed lung tissue sections were immunostained for five molecules implicated in the pathogenesis of the fibrosis: α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), αvβ6 integrin, pro-surfactant protein C (SP-C), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and tenascin-C (TenC). Levels of immunostaining and numbers of fibroblastic foci were quantified using operator-dependent and -independent methods. The relationship of all these markers to overall survival was analysed.Staining revealed high levels of αSMA, αvβ6 integrin, pro-SP-C, HGF and TenC, and fibroblastic foci. Immunostaining varied across samples for all molecules but only the extent of αvβ6 integrin immunostaining was associated with increased mortality. There was no association with the other markers measured.Our data suggest high levels of αvβ6 integrin may identify a specific endotype of progressive fibrotic lung disease.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; Biopsy ; Female ; Humans ; Integrins/metabolism ; Lung/pathology ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial/pathology ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial/surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis
    Chemical Substances Antigens, Neoplasm ; Biomarkers ; Integrins ; integrin alphavbeta6
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 639359-7
    ISSN 1399-3003 ; 0903-1936
    ISSN (online) 1399-3003
    ISSN 0903-1936
    DOI 10.1183/09031936.00210414
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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