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Book ; Online: How does climate change affect mesoscale catchments in Switzerland? – a framework for a comprehensive assessment

Köplin, N. / Viviroli, D. / Schädler, B. / Weingartner, R.

eISSN: 1680-7359

2018

Abstract: Within the framework of this study we identify mesoscale catchments in Switzerland that exhibit sensitivity towards a change in climate with a focus on alterations of the water balance and peak flow conditions. For this study, the hydrological modelling ... ...

Abstract	Within the framework of this study we identify mesoscale catchments in Switzerland that exhibit sensitivity towards a change in climate with a focus on alterations of the water balance and peak flow conditions. For this study, the hydrological modelling system PREVAH is used, which is a semi-distributed and conceptual yet process-oriented model forced with hourly meteorological input on basis of a spatial resolution of 500×500 m 2 . We calibrate the model where measured discharge records are available and transfer the calibrated model parameters to ungauged catchments through regionalisation, to arrive at a comprehensive set of model parameters for the entire area of Switzerland. To assess future changes, we apply an extensive set of 16 Regional Climate Models (RCMs) to the catchments. The RCM data are downscaled to a dense network of meteorological stations for the period from 2021 to 2050 using the Delta Change Approach. This downscaling method incorporates a bias correction of the RCM output and provides change rates and values for precipitation and temperature. In the present paper we describe the application of a calibration and regionalisation procedure developed previously for Northern Alpine catchments to Southern catchments. The necessity to differentiate between a Northern and a Southern Alpine region, with their distinct climatologic and physiogeographic features, has proved true as the calibrated parameter sets show systematic differences between those regions, e.g. for the runoff forming parameters percolation rate (PERC) or storage time for quick runoff (KOH). For the Southern Alpine area, we calibrated two thirds of the available catchments, i.e. 23 out of 36, successfully for standard and flood conditions according to a combined model score of a linear and logarithmic Nash-Sutcliffe-Efficiency (NSE, NSE ln ) and a mean annual volumetric deviation (VD a ). The rate of successfully calibrated catchments is rather small in comparison with the results for the Northern Alpine catchments, where 140 out of 159 calibrations have been successful, and the distribution of the Southern catchments is more irregular. However, as the median NSE and NSE ln as well as the range of VD a show an overall good model fit, a successful regionalisation may be expected. Next steps are the regionalisation of the Southern Alpine model parameters and the application of climate scenarios to the complete set of catchments, i.e. about 200 Swiss mesoscale catchments with an average area of 150 km 2 . Thus we can identify process-based relationships between climate sensitivity and catchment characteristics and provide quantitative information on future water balance and peak flow conditions of Swiss mesoscale catchments.
Subject code	333 ; 550
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-01-15
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
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Article: Value of a Limited Number of Discharge Observations for Improving Regionalization: A Large‐Sample Study Across the United States

Pool, S. / Viviroli, D. / Seibert, J.

Water resources research. 2019 Jan., v. 55, no. 1

2019

Abstract: Even in regions considered as densely monitored, most catchments are actually ungauged. Prediction of discharge in ungauged catchments commonly relies on parameter regionalization. While ungauged catchments lack continuous discharge time series, a ... ...

Abstract	Even in regions considered as densely monitored, most catchments are actually ungauged. Prediction of discharge in ungauged catchments commonly relies on parameter regionalization. While ungauged catchments lack continuous discharge time series, a limited number of observations could still be collected within short field campaigns. Here we analyze the value of such observations for improving parameter regionalization in otherwise ungauged catchments. More specifically, we propose an ensemble modeling approach, where discharge predictions from regionalization with multiple donor catchments are weighted based on the fit between predicted and observed discharge on the dates of the available observations. It was assumed that a total of 3 to 24 observations from a single hydrological year were available as an additional source of information for regionalization. This informed regionalization approach was tested with discharge observations from 10 different hydrological years in a leave‐one‐out cross validation scheme on 579 catchments in the United States using the HBV runoff model. Discharge observations helped to improve the regionalization in up to 94% of the study catchments in 8 out of 10 discharge sampling years. Sampling years characterized by exceptionally high peak discharge, or high annual or winter precipitation were less informative for regionalization. In the least informative years, model efficiency increased with an increasing number of observations. In contrast, in the most informative sampling year, 3 discharge observations provided as much information for regionalization as 24 discharge observations. Overall, discharge observations were most effective in informing regionalization in arid catchments, snow‐dominated catchments, and winter‐precipitation‐dominated catchments.
Keywords	hydrologic models ; information sources ; prediction ; research ; time series analysis ; water
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-01
Size	p. 363-377.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	5564-5
ISSN	1944-7973 ; 0043-1397
ISSN (online)	1944-7973
ISSN	0043-1397
DOI	10.1029/2018WR023855
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Climate change risks pushing one-third of global food production outside the safe climatic space.

Kummu, Matti / Heino, Matias / Taka, Maija / Varis, Olli / Viviroli, Daniel

One earth (Cambridge, Mass.)

2020 Volume 4, Issue 5, Page(s) 720–729

Abstract: Food production on our planet is dominantly based on agricultural practices developed during stable Holocene climatic conditions. Although it is widely accepted that climate change perturbs these conditions, no systematic understanding exists on where ... ...

Abstract	Food production on our planet is dominantly based on agricultural practices developed during stable Holocene climatic conditions. Although it is widely accepted that climate change perturbs these conditions, no systematic understanding exists on where and how the major risks for entering unprecedented conditions may occur. Here, we address this gap by introducing the concept of safe climatic space (SCS), which incorporates the decisive climatic factors of agricultural production: precipitation, temperature, and aridity. We show that a rapid and unhalted growth of greenhouse gas emissions (SSP5-8.5) could force 31% of the global food crop and 34% of livestock production beyond the SCS by 2081-2100. The most vulnerable areas are South and Southeast Asia and Africa's Sudano-Sahelian Zone, which have low resilience to cope with these changes. Our results underpin the importance of committing to a low-emissions scenario (SSP1-2.6), whereupon the extent of food production facing unprecedented conditions would be a fraction.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-22
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2590-3322
ISSN (online)	2590-3322
DOI	10.1016/j.oneear.2021.04.017
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Can a regionalized model parameterisation be improved with a limited number of runoff measurements?

Viviroli, Daniel / Jan Seibert

Journal of hydrology. 2015 Oct., v. 529

2015

Abstract: Application of hydrological models to ungauged basins is both a highly relevant and challenging task. While research has brought forth various approaches for inferring or transferring tuneable model parameters from gauged and calibrated catchments, it ... ...

Abstract	Application of hydrological models to ungauged basins is both a highly relevant and challenging task. While research has brought forth various approaches for inferring or transferring tuneable model parameters from gauged and calibrated catchments, it has also been recently shown that a few short measurements can support predictions in an ungauged basin by constraining the acceptable range of the parameters. For the present study, we examined a combination of both parameter regionalisation and short-term runoff measurements. More precisely, we attempted to select complete parameter sets from a range of calibrated catchments using a few measurements. Then, we tested a number of ways to combine the hydrographs simulated with these parameter sets with those simulated using a well-established Nearest Neighbour scheme, in order to make use of both actually measured runoff data as well as hydrological similarity. The experimental basis for our study were 49 representative catchments in Switzerland which have been successfully calibrated and regionalised with the hydrological modelling system PREVAH. Results show that even a few short measurements during mean runoff conditions can lead to models that are more efficient than those achieved with hydrological similarity alone. The possible improvement depends largely on the regime type of the catchment examined. Also, the most suitable season to perform measurements varies: In catchments dominated by snow melt or ice melt or both, considerable improvements can be achieved with as few as two measurements during spring or summer, whereas rainfall-dominated catchments show only moderate improvements with no particular season being more suitable for the measurements. Our findings highlight the value of field measurements in mountain areas. The information gained in these regions from short measurements may act as a counterbalance to the sparse operational observation networks.
Keywords	basins ; hydrograph ; hydrologic models ; ice ; melting ; prediction ; runoff ; snowmelt ; spring ; summer ; watersheds ; Switzerland
Language	English
Dates of publication	2015-10
Size	p. 49-61.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1473173-3
ISSN	0022-1694
ISSN	0022-1694
DOI	10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.07.009
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Human populations in the world's mountains: Spatio-temporal patterns and potential controls.

Thornton, James M / Snethlage, Mark A / Sayre, Roger / Urbach, Davnah R / Viviroli, Daniel / Ehrlich, Daniele / Muccione, Veruska / Wester, Philippus / Insarov, Gregory / Adler, Carolina

PloS one

2022 Volume 17, Issue 7, Page(s) e0271466

Abstract: Changing climate and human demographics in the world's mountains will have increasingly profound environmental and societal consequences across all elevations. Quantifying current human populations in and near mountains is crucial to ensure that any ... ...

Abstract	Changing climate and human demographics in the world's mountains will have increasingly profound environmental and societal consequences across all elevations. Quantifying current human populations in and near mountains is crucial to ensure that any interventions in these complex social-ecological systems are appropriately resourced, and that valuable ecosystems are effectively protected. However, comprehensive and reproducible analyses on this subject are lacking. Here, we develop and implement an open workflow to quantify the sensitivity of mountain population estimates over recent decades, both globally and for several sets of relevant reporting regions, to alternative input dataset combinations. Relationships between mean population density and several potential environmental covariates are also explored across elevational bands within individual mountain regions (i.e. "sub-mountain range scale"). Globally, mountain population estimates vary greatly-from 0.344 billion (<5% of the corresponding global total) to 2.289 billion (>31%) in 2015. A more detailed analysis using one of the population datasets (GHS-POP) revealed that in ∼35% of mountain sub-regions, population increased at least twofold over the 40-year period 1975-2015. The urban proportion of the total mountain population in 2015 ranged from 6% to 39%, depending on the combination of population and urban extent datasets used. At sub-mountain range scale, population density was found to be more strongly associated with climatic than with topographic and protected-area variables, and these relationships appear to have strengthened slightly over time. Such insights may contribute to improved predictions of future mountain population distributions under scenarios of future climatic and demographic change. Overall, our work emphasizes that irrespective of data choices, substantial human populations are likely to be directly affected by-and themselves affect-mountainous environmental and ecological change. It thereby further underlines the urgency with which the multitudinous challenges concerning the interactions between mountain climate and human societies under change must be tackled.
MeSH term(s)	Climate Change ; Ecosystem ; Humans ; Population Density
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0271466
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Book ; Online: CAMELS-CH

Höge, Marvin / Kauzlaric, Martina / Siber, Rosi / Schönenberger, Ursula / Horton, Pascal / Schwanbeck, Jan / Floriancic, Marius Günter / Viviroli, Daniel / Wilhelm, Sibylle / Sikorska-Senoner, Anna E. / Addor, Nans / Brunner, Manuela / Pool, Sandra / Zappa, Massimiliano / Fenicia, Fabrizio

eISSN: 1866-3516

hydro-meteorological time series and landscape attributes for 331 catchments in hydrologic Switzerland

2023

Abstract: We present CAMELS-CH (Catchment Attributes and MEteorology for large-sample Studies - Switzerland), a large-sample hydro-meteorological data set for hydrological Switzerland in Central Europe. This domain covers 331 basins within Switzerland and ... ...

Abstract	We present CAMELS-CH (Catchment Attributes and MEteorology for large-sample Studies - Switzerland), a large-sample hydro-meteorological data set for hydrological Switzerland in Central Europe. This domain covers 331 basins within Switzerland and neighboring countries. About one third of the catchments are located in Austria, France, Germany and Italy. As an Alpine country, Switzerland covers a vast diversity of landscapes, including mountainous environments, karstic regions, and several strongly cultivated regions, along with a wide range of hydrological regimes, i.e. catchments that are glacier-, snow- or rain-dominated. Similar to existing data sets, CAMELS-CH comprises dynamic hydro-meteorological variables and static catchment attributes. CAMELS-CH (Höge et al., 2023, available at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7957061 ) encompasses 40 years of data between 1st January 1981 and 31st December 2020, including daily time series of stream flow and water levels, and of meteorological data such as precipitation and air temperature. It also includes daily snow water equivalent data for each catchment starting from 2nd September 1998. Additionally, we provide annual time series of land cover change and glacier evolution per catchment. The static catchment attributes cover location and topography, climate, hydrology, soil, hydrogeology, geology, land use, human impact and glaciers. This Swiss data set complements comparable publicly accessible data sets, providing data from the "water tower of Europe".
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-15
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: CAMELS-CH

eISSN: 1866-3516

hydro-meteorological time series and landscape attributes for 331 catchments in hydrologic Switzerland

2023

Abstract: We present CAMELS-CH (Catchment Attributes and MEteorology for Large-sample Studies – Switzerland), a large-sample hydro-meteorological data set for hydrologic Switzerland in central Europe. This domain covers 331 basins within Switzerland and ... ...

Abstract	We present CAMELS-CH (Catchment Attributes and MEteorology for Large-sample Studies – Switzerland), a large-sample hydro-meteorological data set for hydrologic Switzerland in central Europe. This domain covers 331 basins within Switzerland and neighboring countries. About one-third of the catchments are located in Austria, France, Germany and Italy. As an Alpine country, Switzerland covers a vast diversity of landscapes, including mountainous environments, karstic regions, and several strongly cultivated regions, along with a wide range of hydrological regimes, i.e., catchments that are glacier-, snow- or rain dominated. Similar to existing data sets, CAMELS-CH comprises dynamic hydro-meteorological variables and static catchment attributes. CAMELS-CH ( Höge et al. , 2023 available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7784632 ) encompasses 40 years of data between 1 January 1981 and 31 December 2020, including daily time series of stream flow and water levels, and of meteorological data such as precipitation and air temperature. It also includes daily snow water equivalent data for each catchment starting from 2 September 1998. Additionally, we provide annual time series of land cover change and glacier evolution per catchment. The static catchment attributes cover location and topography, climate, hydrology, soil, hydrogeology, geology, land use, human impact and glaciers. This Swiss data set complements comparable publicly accessible data sets, providing data from the “water tower of Europe”.
Subject code	550 ; 333
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-19
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Comprehensive space–time hydrometeorological simulations for estimating very rare floods at multiple sites in a large river basin

Viviroli, Daniel / Sikorska-Senoner, Anna E. / Evin, Guillaume / Staudinger, Maria / Kauzlaric, Martina / Chardon, Jérémy / Favre, Anne-Catherine / Hingray, Benoit / Nicolet, Gilles / Raynaud, Damien / Seibert, Jan / Weingartner, Rolf / Whealton, Calvin

eISSN: 1684-9981

2022

Abstract: Estimates for rare to very rare floods are limited by the relatively short streamflow records available. Often, pragmatic conversion factors are used to quantify such events based on extrapolated observations, or simplifying assumptions are made about ... ...

Abstract	Estimates for rare to very rare floods are limited by the relatively short streamflow records available. Often, pragmatic conversion factors are used to quantify such events based on extrapolated observations, or simplifying assumptions are made about extreme precipitation and resulting flood peaks. Continuous simulation (CS) is an alternative approach that better links flood estimation with physical processes and avoids assumptions about antecedent conditions. However, long-term CS has hardly been implemented to estimate rare floods (i.e. return periods considerably larger than 100 years) at multiple sites in a large river basin to date. Here we explore the feasibility and reliability of the CS approach for 19 sites in the Aare River basin in Switzerland (area: 17 700 km 2 ) with exceedingly long simulations in a hydrometeorological model chain. The chain starts with a multi-site stochastic weather generator used to generate 30 realizations of hourly precipitation and temperature scenarios of 10 000 years each. These realizations were then run through a bucket-type hydrological model for 80 sub-catchments and finally routed downstream with a simplified representation of main river channels, major lakes and relevant floodplains in a hydrologic routing system. Comprehensive evaluation over different temporal and spatial scales showed that the main features of the meteorological and hydrological observations are well represented and that meaningful information on low-probability floods can be inferred. Although uncertainties are still considerable, the explicit consideration of important processes of flood generation and routing (snow accumulation, snowmelt, soil moisture storage, bank overflow, lake and floodplain retention) is a substantial advantage. The approach allows for comprehensively exploring possible but unobserved spatial and temporal patterns of hydrometeorological behaviour. This is of particular value in a large river basin where the complex interaction of flows from individual tributaries and lake ...
Subject code	550 ; 333
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-02
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Flood-type classification in mountainous catchments using crisp and fuzzy decision trees

Sikorska, Anna E. / Viviroli, Daniel / Seibert, Jan

Water resources research

2015 Volume 51, Issue 10, Page(s) 7959

Language	English
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	5564-5
ISSN	0043-1397
DOI	10.1002/2015WR017326
Database	Current Contents Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article: Identification of Flood Reactivity Regions via the Functional Clustering of Hydrographs

Brunner, Manuela I. / Viviroli, Daniel / Furrer, Reinhard / Seibert, Jan / Favre, Anne-Catherine

Water resources research

2018 Volume 54, Issue 3, Page(s) 1852

Language	English
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	5564-5
ISSN	0043-1397
DOI	10.1002/2017WR021650
Database	Current Contents Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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