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  1. Article ; Online: Toward 3D data visualization using virtual reality tools.

    Kline, J L / Volegov, P L

    The Review of scientific instruments

    2021  Volume 92, Issue 3, Page(s) 33528

    Abstract: Virtual Reality (VR) offers the opportunity to display data, instrumentation, and experimental setups in three dimensions and gives the user the ability to interact with the objects. This technology moves visualization beyond two-dimensional projections ... ...

    Abstract Virtual Reality (VR) offers the opportunity to display data, instrumentation, and experimental setups in three dimensions and gives the user the ability to interact with the objects. This technology moves visualization beyond two-dimensional projections on a flat screen with a fixed field of view in which a keyboard or another similar controller is needed to change the view. Advances in both hardware and software for VR make it possible for the non-expert to develop visualization tools for scientific applications both for viewing and for sharing data or diagnostic hardware between users in three dimensions. This manuscript describes application development using two VR software tools, Unity gaming engine and A-frame, for visualizing data and high energy physics targets.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209865-9
    ISSN 1089-7623 ; 0034-6748
    ISSN (online) 1089-7623
    ISSN 0034-6748
    DOI 10.1063/5.0040468
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: A coded aperture with sub-mean free-path thickness for neutron implosion geometry imaging on inertial confinement fusion and inertial fusion energy experiments.

    Selwood, M P / Fittinghoff, D N / Volegov, P L / Williams, G J / Murphy, C D

    The Review of scientific instruments

    2023  Volume 94, Issue 11

    Abstract: Inertial confinement fusion and inertial fusion energy experiments diagnose the geometry of the fusion region through imaging of the neutrons released through fusion reactions. Pinhole arrays typically used for such imaging require thick substrates to ... ...

    Abstract Inertial confinement fusion and inertial fusion energy experiments diagnose the geometry of the fusion region through imaging of the neutrons released through fusion reactions. Pinhole arrays typically used for such imaging require thick substrates to obtain high contrast along with a small pinhole diameter to obtain high resolution capability, resulting in pinholes that have large aspect ratios. This leads to expensive pinhole arrays that have small solid angles and are difficult to align. Here, we propose a coded aperture with scatter and partial attenuation (CASPA) for fusion neutron imaging that relaxes the thick substrate requirement for good image contrast. These coded apertures are expected to scale to larger solid angles and are easier to align without sacrificing imaging resolution or throughput. We use Monte Carlo simulations (Geant4) to explore a coded aperture design to measure neutron implosion asymmetries on fusion experiments at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) and discuss the viability of this technique, matching the current nominal resolution of 10 µm. The results show that a 10 mm thick tungsten CASPA can image NIF implosions with neutron yields above 1014 with quality comparable to unprocessed data from a current NIF neutron imaging aperture. This CASPA substrate is 20 times thinner than the current aperture arrays for fusion neutron imaging and less than one mean free-path of 14.1 MeV neutrons through the substrate. Since the resolution, solid angle, and throughput are decoupled in coded aperture imaging, the resolution and solid angle achievable with future designs will be limited primarily by manufacturing capability.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209865-9
    ISSN 1089-7623 ; 0034-6748
    ISSN (online) 1089-7623
    ISSN 0034-6748
    DOI 10.1063/5.0167426
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Three-dimensional reconstruction of neutron, gamma-ray, and x-ray sources using a cylindrical-harmonics expansion.

    Volegov, P L / Batha, S H / Fittinghoff, D N / Danly, C R / Geppert-Kleinrath, V / Wilde, C H / Zylstra, A B

    The Review of scientific instruments

    2021  Volume 92, Issue 3, Page(s) 33508

    Abstract: Inertial confinement fusion capsule implosions produce neutron, gamma-ray, and x-ray emission, which are recorded by a variety of detectors, both time integrated and time resolved, to determine the performance of the implosion. Two-dimensional emission ... ...

    Abstract Inertial confinement fusion capsule implosions produce neutron, gamma-ray, and x-ray emission, which are recorded by a variety of detectors, both time integrated and time resolved, to determine the performance of the implosion. Two-dimensional emission images from multiple directions can now be combined to infer three-dimensional structures in the implosion, such as the distribution of thermonuclear fuel density, carbon ablator, and impurities. Because of the cost and complexity of the imaging systems, however, only a few measurements can be made, so reconstructions of the source must be made from a limited number of views. Here, a cylindrical-harmonics decomposition technique to reconstruct the three-dimensional object from two views in the same symmetry plane is presented. In the limit of zero order, this method recovers the Abel inversion method. The detailed algorithms used for this characterization and the resulting reconstructed neutron source from an experiment collected at the National Ignition Facility are presented.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209865-9
    ISSN 1089-7623 ; 0034-6748
    ISSN (online) 1089-7623
    ISSN 0034-6748
    DOI 10.1063/5.0042860
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Modeling of a spatially resolved ion temperature diagnostic for inertial confinement fusion.

    Danly, C R / Birge, N / Geppert-Kleinrath, V / Haines, B M / Ivancic, S / Jorgenson, H J / Katz, J / Merrill, F E / Mendoza, E F / Sorce, A / Tafoya, L R / Volegov, P L / Wilde, C H / Wilson, D C

    The Review of scientific instruments

    2023  Volume 94, Issue 4

    Abstract: The performance of modern laser-driven inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments is degraded by contamination of the deuterium-tritium (DT) fuel with high-Z material during compression. Simulations suggest that this mix can be described by the ion ... ...

    Abstract The performance of modern laser-driven inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments is degraded by contamination of the deuterium-tritium (DT) fuel with high-Z material during compression. Simulations suggest that this mix can be described by the ion temperature distribution of the implosion, given that such contaminants deviate in temperature from the surrounding DT plasma. However, existing neutron time-of-flight (nTOF) diagnostics only measure the spatially integrated ion temperature. This paper describes the techniques and forward modeling used to develop a novel diagnostic imaging system to measure the spatially resolved ion temperature of an ICF implosion for the first time. The technique combines methods in neutron imaging and nTOF diagnostics to measure the ion temperature along one spatial dimension at yields currently achievable on the OMEGA laser. A detailed forward model of the source and imaging system was developed to guide instrument design. The model leverages neutron imaging reconstruction algorithms, radiation hydrodynamics and Monte Carlo simulations, optical ray tracing, and more. The results of the forward model agree with the data collected on OMEGA using the completed diagnostic. The analysis of the experimental data is still ongoing and will be discussed in a separate publication.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209865-9
    ISSN 1089-7623 ; 0034-6748
    ISSN (online) 1089-7623
    ISSN 0034-6748
    DOI 10.1063/5.0101892
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Optimizing neutron imaging line of sight locations for maximizing sampling of the cold fuel density in inertial confinement fusion implosions at the National Ignition Facility.

    Batha, S H / Volegov, P L / Fatherley, V E / Geppert-Kleinrath, V / Wilde, C H

    The Review of scientific instruments

    2018  Volume 89, Issue 10, Page(s) 10I147

    Abstract: Neutron imaging provides a ready measurement of the shape of the "hot spot" core of an inertial confinement fusion implosion. The 14-MeV neutrons emitted by deuterium-tritium reactions are imaged at the National Ignition Facility using a pinhole array ... ...

    Abstract Neutron imaging provides a ready measurement of the shape of the "hot spot" core of an inertial confinement fusion implosion. The 14-MeV neutrons emitted by deuterium-tritium reactions are imaged at the National Ignition Facility using a pinhole array onto a scintillator, and the images are recorded on a camera. By changing the gate time of the camera, lower energy neutrons, downscattered by the cold fuel surrounding the hot spot, are recorded. The cold fuel density can be reconstructed using the two images. The kinematics of the scattering coupled with the scattering cross sections restrict the angular extent of the cold fuel sampled, with the backside of the implosion not being sampled at all. This work demonstrates the limited region of the cold fuel measured by the current line of sight (40%). At completion of the three planned lines of sight, 79% of the cold fuel will be sampled.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-11-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209865-9
    ISSN 1089-7623 ; 0034-6748
    ISSN (online) 1089-7623
    ISSN 0034-6748
    DOI 10.1063/1.5038815
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Three-dimensional diagnostics and measurements of inertial confinement fusion plasmas.

    Schlossberg, D J / Bionta, R M / Casey, D T / Eckart, M J / Fittinghoff, D N / Geppert-Kleinrath, V / Grim, G P / Hahn, K D / Hartouni, E P / Jeet, J / Kerr, S M / Mackinnon, A J / Moore, A S / Volegov, P L

    The Review of scientific instruments

    2021  Volume 92, Issue 5, Page(s) 53526

    Abstract: Recent inertial confinement fusion measurements have highlighted the importance of 3D asymmetry effects on implosion performance. One prominent example is the bulk drift velocity of the deuterium-tritium plasma undergoing fusion ("hotspot"), ... ...

    Abstract Recent inertial confinement fusion measurements have highlighted the importance of 3D asymmetry effects on implosion performance. One prominent example is the bulk drift velocity of the deuterium-tritium plasma undergoing fusion ("hotspot"), v
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209865-9
    ISSN 1089-7623 ; 0034-6748
    ISSN (online) 1089-7623
    ISSN 0034-6748
    DOI 10.1063/5.0043853
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Solid polystyrene and deuterated polystyrene light output response to fast neutrons.

    Simpson, R / Danly, C / Glebov, V Yu / Hurlbut, C / Merrill, F E / Volegov, P L / Wilde, C

    The Review of scientific instruments

    2016  Volume 87, Issue 4, Page(s) 43513

    Abstract: The Neutron Imaging System has proven to be an important diagnostic in studying DT implosion characteristics at the National Ignition Facility. The current system depends on a polystyrene scintillating fiber array, which detects fusion neutrons born in ... ...

    Abstract The Neutron Imaging System has proven to be an important diagnostic in studying DT implosion characteristics at the National Ignition Facility. The current system depends on a polystyrene scintillating fiber array, which detects fusion neutrons born in the DT hotspot as well as neutrons that have scattered to lower energies in the surrounding cold fuel. Increasing neutron yields at NIF, as well as a desire to resolve three-dimensional information about the fuel assembly, have provided the impetus to build and install two additional next-generation neutron imaging systems. We are currently investigating a novel neutron imaging system that will utilize a deuterated polystyrene (CD) fiber array instead of standard hydrogen-based polystyrene (CH). Studies of deuterated xylene or deuterated benzene liquid scintillator show an improvement in imaging resolution by a factor of two [L. Disdier et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75, 2134 (2004)], but also a reduction in light output [V. Bildstein et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 729, 188 (2013); M. I. Ojaruega, Ph.D. thesis, University of Michigan, 2009; M. T. Febbraro, Ph.D. thesis, University of Michigan, 2014] as compared to standard plastic. Tests of the relative light output of deuterated polystyrene and standard polystyrene were completed using 14 MeV fusion neutrons generated through implosions of deuterium-tritium filled capsules at the OMEGA laser facility. In addition, we collected data of the relative response of these two scintillators to a wide energy range of neutrons (1-800 MeV) at the Weapons Neutrons Research Facility. Results of these measurements are presented.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 209865-9
    ISSN 1089-7623 ; 0034-6748
    ISSN (online) 1089-7623
    ISSN 0034-6748
    DOI 10.1063/1.4947515
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Calibration of two compact permanent magnet spectrometers for high current electron linear induction accelerators.

    Burris-Mog, T J / Chavez, M A / Espy, M A / Manard, M J / Moir, D C / Schillig, J B / Trainham, R / Volegov, P L

    The Review of scientific instruments

    2018  Volume 89, Issue 7, Page(s) 73303

    Abstract: In this work, two compact, permanent magnet, electron spectrometers have been built to measure the electron beam energy at the Dual Axis Radiographic Hydrodynamic Test facility. Using ... ...

    Abstract In this work, two compact, permanent magnet, electron spectrometers have been built to measure the electron beam energy at the Dual Axis Radiographic Hydrodynamic Test facility. Using H
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209865-9
    ISSN 1089-7623 ; 0034-6748
    ISSN (online) 1089-7623
    ISSN 0034-6748
    DOI 10.1063/1.5029837
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Aperture design for the third neutron and first gamma-ray imaging systems for the National Ignition Facility.

    Fatherley, V E / Fittinghoff, D N / Hibbard, R L / Jorgenson, H J / Martinez, J I / Oertel, J A / Schmidt, D W / Waltz, C S / Wilde, C H / Volegov, P L

    The Review of scientific instruments

    2018  Volume 89, Issue 10, Page(s) 10I127

    Abstract: The current construction of a new nuclear-imaging view at the National Ignition Facility will provide a third line of sight for hotspot and cold fuel imaging and the first dedicated line of sight for 4.4-MeV γ-ray imaging of the remaining carbon ablator. ...

    Abstract The current construction of a new nuclear-imaging view at the National Ignition Facility will provide a third line of sight for hotspot and cold fuel imaging and the first dedicated line of sight for 4.4-MeV γ-ray imaging of the remaining carbon ablator. To minimize the effort required to hold and align apertures inside the vacuum chamber, the apertures for the two lines of sight will be contained in the same array. In this work, we discuss the system requirements for neutron and γ-ray imaging and the resulting aperture array design.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-11-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209865-9
    ISSN 1089-7623 ; 0034-6748
    ISSN (online) 1089-7623
    ISSN 0034-6748
    DOI 10.1063/1.5039328
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Ultra-low field NMR measurements of liquids and gases with short relaxation times.

    Volegov, P L / Matlachov, A N / Kraus, R H

    Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)

    2006  Volume 183, Issue 1, Page(s) 134–141

    Abstract: Interest in nuclear magnetic resonance measurements at ultra-low magnetic fields (ULF, approximately microT fields) has been motivated by various benefits and novel applications including narrow NMR peak-width, negligible susceptibility artifacts, ... ...

    Abstract Interest in nuclear magnetic resonance measurements at ultra-low magnetic fields (ULF, approximately microT fields) has been motivated by various benefits and novel applications including narrow NMR peak-width, negligible susceptibility artifacts, imaging of samples inside metal containers, and possibility of directly imaging neuronal currents. ULF NMR/MRI is also compatible with simultaneous measurements of biomagnetic signals. However the most widely used technique in ULF NMR-prepolarization at high field and measurement at lower field-results in large transient signals which distort the free induction decay signal. This is especially severe for the measurement of signals from samples and materials with short T1 time. We have devised an approach that largely cancels the transient signals. The technique was successfully used to measure NMR signals from liquids and gases with T1 in the range 1-4 ms.
    MeSH term(s) Algorithms ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Gases/analysis ; Gases/chemistry ; Kinetics ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods ; Radiation Dosage ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Solutions/analysis ; Solutions/chemistry
    Chemical Substances Gases ; Solutions
    Language English
    Publishing date 2006-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1469665-4
    ISSN 1096-0856 ; 1557-8968 ; 1090-7807 ; 0022-2364
    ISSN (online) 1096-0856 ; 1557-8968
    ISSN 1090-7807 ; 0022-2364
    DOI 10.1016/j.jmr.2006.07.021
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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