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  1. Article ; Online: Platelets in Hemostasis, Thrombosis, and Inflammation After Major Trauma.

    Vulliamy, Paul / Armstrong, Paul C

    Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology

    2024  Volume 44, Issue 3, Page(s) 545–557

    Abstract: Trauma currently accounts for 10% of the total global burden of disease and over 5 million deaths per year, making it a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although recent advances in early resuscitation have improved early survival from ... ...

    Abstract Trauma currently accounts for 10% of the total global burden of disease and over 5 million deaths per year, making it a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although recent advances in early resuscitation have improved early survival from critical injury, the mortality rate in patients with major hemorrhage approaches 50% even in mature trauma systems. A major determinant of clinical outcomes from a major injury is a complex, dynamic hemostatic landscape. Critically injured patients frequently present to the emergency department with an acute traumatic coagulopathy that increases mortality from bleeding, yet, within 48 to 72 hours after injury will switch from a hypocoagulable to a hypercoagulable state with increased risk of venous thromboembolism and multiple organ dysfunction. This review will focus on the role of platelets in these processes. As effectors of hemostasis and thrombosis, they are central to each phase of recovery from injury, and our understanding of postinjury platelet biology has dramatically advanced over the past decade. This review describes our current knowledge of the changes in platelet behavior that occur following major trauma, the mechanisms by which these changes develop, and the implications for clinical outcomes. Importantly, supported by research in other disease settings, this review also reflects the emerging role of thromboinflammation in trauma including cross talk between platelets, innate immune cells, and coagulation. We also address the unresolved questions and significant knowledge gaps that remain, and finally highlight areas that with the further study will help deliver further improvements in trauma care.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Inflammation/complications ; Thrombosis/complications ; Hemostasis ; Blood Coagulation Disorders ; Hemorrhage/etiology ; Blood Platelets
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1221433-4
    ISSN 1524-4636 ; 1079-5642
    ISSN (online) 1524-4636
    ISSN 1079-5642
    DOI 10.1161/ATVBAHA.123.318801
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: ASGBI trauma committee position statement: a national audit of trauma laparotomy in the UK - an unmet need.

    Shepherd, Joanna M / Vulliamy, Paul / Marsden, Max E R / Hancorn, Kate

    British journal of anaesthesia

    2024  Volume 132, Issue 5, Page(s) 849–850

    Abstract: Patients who undergo laparotomy for major trauma are amongst the most critically unwell patients, and they have high morbidity and mortality rates. Despite 20 yr of improvements in resuscitation practices, those who present with hypotension continue to ... ...

    Abstract Patients who undergo laparotomy for major trauma are amongst the most critically unwell patients, and they have high morbidity and mortality rates. Despite 20 yr of improvements in resuscitation practices, those who present with hypotension continue to have mortality rates of up to 50%. Currently there is no mechanism for capturing national audit data on these patients, leading to their exclusion from potential quality improvement initiatives. We argue that there is an unmet need for quality assurance in this patient cohort and outline possible mechanisms to address this.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Laparotomy ; Medical Audit ; Quality Improvement ; Hypotension ; United Kingdom ; Retrospective Studies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 80074-0
    ISSN 1471-6771 ; 0007-0912
    ISSN (online) 1471-6771
    ISSN 0007-0912
    DOI 10.1016/j.bja.2024.03.001
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  3. Article ; Online: Surgical training during the COVID-19 pandemic - the cloud with a silver lining?

    English, W / Vulliamy, P / Banerjee, S / Arya, S

    The British journal of surgery

    2020  Volume 107, Issue 9, Page(s) e343–e344

    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; General Surgery/education ; Humans ; London/epidemiology ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; Surgical Procedures, Operative/education ; Surgical Procedures, Operative/statistics & numerical data
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 2985-3
    ISSN 1365-2168 ; 0263-1202 ; 0007-1323 ; 1355-7688
    ISSN (online) 1365-2168
    ISSN 0263-1202 ; 0007-1323 ; 1355-7688
    DOI 10.1002/bjs.11801
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  4. Article ; Online: Does pre-injury clopidogrel use increase the risk of intracranial haemorrhage post head injury in adult patients? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

    Moffatt, Samuel / Venturini, Sara / Vulliamy, Paul

    Emergency medicine journal : EMJ

    2022  Volume 40, Issue 3, Page(s) 175–181

    Abstract: Background: Several current guidelines do not include antiplatelet use as an explicit indication for CT scan of the head following head injury. The impact of individual antiplatelet agent use on rates of intracranial haemorrhage is unclear. The primary ... ...

    Abstract Background: Several current guidelines do not include antiplatelet use as an explicit indication for CT scan of the head following head injury. The impact of individual antiplatelet agent use on rates of intracranial haemorrhage is unclear. The primary objective of this systematic review was to assess if clopidogrel monotherapy was associated with traumatic intracranial haemorrhage (tICH) on CT of the head within 24 hours of presentation following head trauma compared with no antithrombotic controls.
    Methods: Eligible studies were non-randomised studies with participants aged ≥18 years old with head injury. Studies had to have conducted CT of the head within 24 hours of presentation and contain a no antithrombotic control group and a clopidogrel monotherapy group.Eight databases were searched from inception to December 2020. Assessment of identified studies against inclusion criteria and data extraction were carried out independently and in duplicate by two authors.Quality assessment and risk of bias (ROB) were assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment tool and Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model and reported as an OR and 95% CI.
    Results: Seven studies were eligible for inclusion with a total of 21 898 participants that were incorporated into the meta-analysis. Five studies were retrospective. Clopidogrel monotherapy was not significantly associated with an increase in risk of tICH compared with no antithrombotic controls (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.54 to 1.75). Heterogeneity was high with an I
    Conclusion: Included studies were vulnerable to confounding and several were small-scale studies. The results should be interpreted with caution given the ROB identified. This study does not provide statistically significant evidence that clopidogrel monotherapy patients are at increased risk of tICH after head injury compared with no antithrombotic controls.
    Prospero registration number: CRD42020223541.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Adult ; Adolescent ; Clopidogrel ; Retrospective Studies ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; Craniocerebral Trauma/complications ; Intracranial Hemorrhage, Traumatic/chemically induced ; Intracranial Hemorrhage, Traumatic/complications
    Chemical Substances Clopidogrel (A74586SNO7) ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-30
    Publishing country England
    Document type Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2040124-3
    ISSN 1472-0213 ; 1472-0205
    ISSN (online) 1472-0213
    ISSN 1472-0205
    DOI 10.1136/emermed-2021-212225
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  5. Article ; Online: Multiple organ dysfunction after trauma.

    Cole, E / Gillespie, S / Vulliamy, P / Brohi, K

    The British journal of surgery

    2019  Volume 107, Issue 4, Page(s) 402–412

    Abstract: Background: The nature of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) after traumatic injury is evolving as resuscitation practices advance and more patients survive their injuries to reach critical care. The aim of this study was to characterize ... ...

    Abstract Background: The nature of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) after traumatic injury is evolving as resuscitation practices advance and more patients survive their injuries to reach critical care. The aim of this study was to characterize contemporary MODS subtypes in trauma critical care at a population level.
    Methods: Adult patients admitted to major trauma centre critical care units were enrolled in this 4-week point-prevalence study. MODS was defined by a daily total Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score of more than 5. Hierarchical clustering of SOFA scores over time was used to identify MODS subtypes.
    Results: Some 440 patients were enrolled, of whom 245 (55·7 per cent) developed MODS. MODS carried a high mortality rate (22·0 per cent versus 0·5 per cent in those without MODS; P < 0·001) and 24·0 per cent of deaths occurred within the first 48 h after injury. Three patterns of MODS were identified, all present on admission. Cluster 1 MODS resolved early with a median time to recovery of 4 days and a mortality rate of 14·4 per cent. Cluster 2 had a delayed recovery (median 13 days) and a mortality rate of 35 per cent. Cluster 3 had a prolonged recovery (median 25 days) and high associated mortality rate of 46 per cent. Multivariable analysis revealed distinct clinical associations for each form of MODS; 24-hour crystalloid administration was associated strongly with cluster 1 (P = 0·009), traumatic brain injury with cluster 2 (P = 0·002) and admission shock severity with cluster 3 (P = 0·003).
    Conclusion: Contemporary MODS has at least three distinct types based on patterns of severity and recovery. Further characterization of MODS subtypes and their underlying pathophysiology may lead to future opportunities for early stratification and targeted interventions.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Cluster Analysis ; Crystalloid Solutions/therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Organ Failure/classification ; Multiple Organ Failure/epidemiology ; Multiple Organ Failure/etiology ; Multiple Organ Failure/mortality ; Organ Dysfunction Scores ; Time Factors ; Wounds and Injuries/complications ; Wounds and Injuries/mortality
    Chemical Substances Crystalloid Solutions
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-11-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2985-3
    ISSN 1365-2168 ; 0263-1202 ; 0007-1323 ; 1355-7688
    ISSN (online) 1365-2168
    ISSN 0263-1202 ; 0007-1323 ; 1355-7688
    DOI 10.1002/bjs.11361
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  6. Article ; Online: Age-related injury patterns resulting from knife violence in an urban population.

    Vulliamy, P / Hancorn, K / Glasgow, S / West, A / Davenport, R A / Brohi, K / Griffiths, M P

    Scientific reports

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 15250

    Abstract: Interpersonal violence involving knives is a major public health problem. The majority of patients are young people in urban areas, but little is known about age-specific patterns of injury and recent trends in injury characteristics. We performed a ... ...

    Abstract Interpersonal violence involving knives is a major public health problem. The majority of patients are young people in urban areas, but little is known about age-specific patterns of injury and recent trends in injury characteristics. We performed a retrospective cohort study of all patients presenting to an urban major trauma centre with stab injuries resulting from assault between 2012 and 2018. A total of 3583 patients were included. Young people (age under 25) were more likely to have sustained multiple stab wounds compared to older people (43% vs 35%, p < 0.001) and had significantly higher rates of stab injuries involving the lower limbs, groin and buttocks. The annual number of injuries increased steadily during the study period in patients aged under 25 (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.82, p = 0.005) and those over 25 (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.95, p < 0.001). Over time, limb and junctional injuries accounted for an increasing proportion of stab wounds in young people, overtaking torso injuries as most common pattern of injury by the end of the study period. These findings illustrate the influence of age on injury patterns resulting from knife violence, and support the expansion of outreach initiatives promoting bystander-delivered haemorrhage control of extremity wounds.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Aged ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Trauma Centers ; Urban Population ; Violence ; Wounds, Stab/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-022-17768-x
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  7. Article ; Online: A new global fibrinolysis capacity assay for the sensitive detection of hyperfibrinolysis and hypofibrinogenemia in trauma patients.

    Rossetto, Andrea / Torres, Tracy / Platton, Sean / Vulliamy, Paul / Curry, Nicola / Davenport, Ross

    Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH

    2023  Volume 21, Issue 10, Page(s) 2759–2770

    Abstract: Background: Conventional clotting tests are not expeditious enough to allow timely targeted interventions in trauma, and current point-of-care analyzers, such as rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM), have limited sensitivity for hyperfibrinolysis and ... ...

    Abstract Background: Conventional clotting tests are not expeditious enough to allow timely targeted interventions in trauma, and current point-of-care analyzers, such as rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM), have limited sensitivity for hyperfibrinolysis and hypofibrinogenemia.
    Objectives: To evaluate the performance of a recently developed global fibrinolysis capacity (GFC) assay in identifying fibrinolysis and hypofibrinogenemia in trauma patients.
    Methods: Exploratory analysis of a prospective cohort of adult trauma patients admitted to a single UK major trauma center and of commercially available healthy donor samples was performed. Lysis time (LT) was measured in plasma according to the GFC manufacturer's protocol, and a novel fibrinogen-related parameter (percentage reduction in GFC optical density from baseline at 1 minute) was derived from the GFC curve. Hyperfibrinolysis was defined as a tissue factor-activated ROTEM maximum lysis of >15% or LT of ≤30 minutes.
    Results: Compared to healthy donors (n = 19), non-tranexamic acid-treated trauma patients (n = 82) showed shortened LT, indicative of hyperfibrinolysis (29 minutes [16-35] vs 43 minutes [40-47]; p < .001). Of the 63 patients without overt ROTEM-hyperfibrinolysis, 31 (49%) had LT of ≤30 minutes, with 26% (8 of 31) of them requiring major transfusions. LT showed increased accuracy compared to maximum lysis in predicting 28-day mortality (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.96 [0.92-1.00] vs 0.65 [0.49-0.81]; p = .001). Percentage reduction in GFC optical density from baseline at 1 minute showed comparable specificity (76% vs 79%) to ROTEM clot amplitude at 5 minutes from tissue factor-activated ROTEM with cytochalasin D in detecting hypofibrinogenemia but correctly reclassified >50% of the patients with false negative results, leading to higher sensitivity (90% vs 77%).
    Conclusion: Severe trauma patients are characterized by a hyperfibrinolytic profile upon admission to the emergency department. The GFC assay is more sensitive than ROTEM in capturing hyperfibrinolysis and hypofibrinogenemia but requires further development and automation.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Fibrinolysis ; Afibrinogenemia/diagnosis ; Thromboplastin ; Prospective Studies ; Blood Coagulation Disorders ; Thrombelastography/methods ; Wounds and Injuries/complications ; Wounds and Injuries/diagnosis
    Chemical Substances Thromboplastin (9035-58-9)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2112661-6
    ISSN 1538-7836 ; 1538-7933
    ISSN (online) 1538-7836
    ISSN 1538-7933
    DOI 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.05.005
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  8. Article ; Online: Editor's Choice - Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Lower Extremity Vascular Complications after Arterial Access for Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA): An Inevitable Concern?

    Foley, Megan Power / Walsh, Stewart R / Doolan, Nathalie / Vulliamy, Paul / McMonagle, Morgan / Aylwin, Christopher

    European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery : the official journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery

    2023  Volume 66, Issue 1, Page(s) 103–118

    Abstract: Objective: Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is used to temporise non-compressible torso haemorrhage. Recent data have suggested that vascular access complications secondary to REBOA placement are higher than initially ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is used to temporise non-compressible torso haemorrhage. Recent data have suggested that vascular access complications secondary to REBOA placement are higher than initially anticipated. This updated systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the pooled incidence rate of lower extremity arterial complications after REBOA.
    Data sources: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, conference abstract listings, and clinical trial registries.
    Review methods: Studies including more than five adults undergoing emergency REBOA for exsanguinating haemorrhage that reported access site complications were eligible for inclusion. A pooled meta-analysis of vascular complications was performed using the DerSimonian-Laird weights for the random effects model, presented as a Forest plot. Further meta-analyses compared the relative risk of access complications between different sheath sizes, percutaneous access techniques, and indications for REBOA. Risk of bias was assessed using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomised Studies (MINORS) tool.
    Results: No randomised controlled trials were identified, and the overall study quality was poor. Twenty-eight studies including 887 adults were identified. REBOA was performed for trauma in 713 cases. The pooled proportion rate of vascular access complications was 8.6% (95% confidence interval 4.97 - 12.97), with substantial heterogeneity (I
    Conclusion: This updated meta-analysis aimed to be as comprehensive as possible considering the poor quality of source data and high risk of bias. It suggested that lower extremity vascular complications were higher than originally suspected after REBOA. While the technical aspects did not appear to impact the safety profile, a cautious association could be drawn between REBOA use for traumatic haemorrhage and a higher risk of arterial complications.
    MeSH term(s) Balloon Occlusion ; Hemorrhage/therapy ; Humans ; Lower Extremity/physiopathology ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Aorta
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 1225869-6
    ISSN 1532-2165 ; 1078-5884
    ISSN (online) 1532-2165
    ISSN 1078-5884
    DOI 10.1016/j.ejvs.2023.02.007
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  9. Article ; Online: A comparative analysis of tranexamic acid dosing strategies in traumatic major hemorrhage.

    Gunn, Finn / Stevenson, Rheanna / Almuwallad, Ateeq / Rossetto, Andrea / Vulliamy, Paul / Brohi, Karim / Davenport, Ross

    The journal of trauma and acute care surgery

    2023  Volume 96, Issue 2, Page(s) 216–224

    Abstract: Introduction: Tranexamic acid (TXA) is a life-saving treatment for traumatic hemorrhage, but the optimal dosing regimen remains unknown. Different doses and treatment strategies have been proposed, including single bolus, repeated bolus, or bolus plus ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Tranexamic acid (TXA) is a life-saving treatment for traumatic hemorrhage, but the optimal dosing regimen remains unknown. Different doses and treatment strategies have been proposed, including single bolus, repeated bolus, or bolus plus infusion. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different TXA dosing strategies on clinical outcomes in bleeding trauma patients.
    Methods: Secondary analysis of a perpetual cohort study from a UK Level I trauma center. Adult patients who activated the local major hemorrhage protocol and received TXA were included. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality. Secondary outcomes were 24-hour mortality, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, venous thromboembolism, and rotational thromboelastometry fibrinolysis.
    Results: Over an 11-year period, 525 patients were included. Three dosing groups were identified: 1 g bolus only (n = 317), 1 g bolus +1 g infusion over 8 hours (n = 80), and 2 g bolus (n = 128). Demographics and admission physiology were similar, but there were differences in injury severity (median Injury Severity Score, 25, 29, and 25); and admission systolic blood pressure (median Systolic Blood Pressure, 99, 108, 99 mm Hg) across the 1-g, 1 g + 1 g, and 2-g groups. 28-day mortality was 21% in each treatment group. The incidence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome was significantly higher in the bolus plus infusion group (84%) vs. 1 g bolus (64%) and 2 g bolus (62%) group, p = 0.002, but on multivariable analysis was nonsignificant. Venous thromboembolism rates were similar in the 1-g bolus (4%), 2 g bolus (8%) and bolus plus infusion groups (7%). There was no difference in rotational thromboelastometry maximum lysis at 24 hours: 5% in both the 1-g and 2-g bolus groups vs. 4% in bolus plus infusion group.
    Conclusion: Clinical outcomes and 24-hour fibrinolysis state were equivalent across three different dosing strategies of TXA. Single bolus administration is likely preferable to a bolus plus infusion regimen.
    Level of evidence: Therapeutic/Care Management; Level III.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Tranexamic Acid/therapeutic use ; Antifibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use ; Venous Thromboembolism/chemically induced ; Cohort Studies ; Multiple Organ Failure ; Hemorrhage/drug therapy ; Hemorrhage/etiology
    Chemical Substances Tranexamic Acid (6T84R30KC1) ; Antifibrinolytic Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2651070-4
    ISSN 2163-0763 ; 2163-0755
    ISSN (online) 2163-0763
    ISSN 2163-0755
    DOI 10.1097/TA.0000000000004177
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  10. Article ; Online: Sensitivity Analysis Does Not Alter Conclusions.

    Foley, Megan Power / Walsh, Stewart R / Doolan, Nathalie / Vulliamy, Paul / McMonagle, Morgan / Aylwin, Christopher

    European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery : the official journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery

    2023  Volume 67, Issue 3, Page(s) 520–522

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 1225869-6
    ISSN 1532-2165 ; 1078-5884
    ISSN (online) 1532-2165
    ISSN 1078-5884
    DOI 10.1016/j.ejvs.2023.12.007
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