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  1. Article ; Online: Differences in neuroinvasion and protective innate immune pathways between encephalitic California Serogroup orthobunyaviruses.

    Alyssa B Evans / Clayton W Winkler / Karin E Peterson

    PLoS Pathogens, Vol 18, Iss 3, p e

    2022  Volume 1010384

    Abstract: The California serogroup (CSG) of Orthobunyaviruses comprises several members capable of causing neuroinvasive disease in humans, including La Crosse orthobunyavirus (LACV), Jamestown Canyon orthobunyavirus (JCV), and Inkoo orthobunyavirus (INKV). ... ...

    Abstract The California serogroup (CSG) of Orthobunyaviruses comprises several members capable of causing neuroinvasive disease in humans, including La Crosse orthobunyavirus (LACV), Jamestown Canyon orthobunyavirus (JCV), and Inkoo orthobunyavirus (INKV). Despite being genetically and serologically closely related, their disease incidences and pathogenesis in humans and mice differ. We have previously shown that following intraperitoneal inoculation of weanling mice, LACV was highly pathogenic while JCV and INKV were not. To determine why there were differences, we examined the ability of these viruses to invade the CNS and compared the host innate immune responses that regulated viral pathogenesis. We found that LACV was always neuroinvasive, which correlated with its high level of neuroinvasive disease. Interestingly, JCV was not neuroinvasive in any mice, while INKV was neuroinvasive in most mice. The type I interferon (IFN) response was critical for protecting mice from both JCV and INKV disease, although in the periphery JCV induced little IFN expression, while INKV induced high IFN expression. Despite their differing neuroinvasive abilities, JCV and INKV shared innate signaling components required for protection. The presence of either cytoplasmic Rig-I-Like Receptor signaling or endosomal Toll-Like Receptor signaling was sufficient to protect mice from JCV or INKV, however, inhibition of both pathways rendered mice highly susceptible to neurological disease. Comparison of IFN and IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) responses to INKV in the brains of resistant wild type (WT) mice and susceptible immune knockout mice showed similar IFN responses in the brain, but WT mice had higher ISG responses, suggesting induction of key ISGs in the brain is critical for protection of mice from INKV. Overall, these results show that the CSG viruses differ in neuroinvasiveness, which can be independent from their neuropathogenicity. The type I IFN response was crucial for protecting mice from CSG virus-induced neurological disease, ...
    Keywords Immunologic diseases. Allergy ; RC581-607 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 570
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Across the deserts and sea

    Mattia Pancerasa / Roberto Ambrosini / Andrea Romano / Diego Rubolini / David W. Winkler / Renato Casagrandi

    Movement Ecology, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    inter-individual variation in migration routes of south-central European barn swallows (Hirundo rustica)

    2022  Volume 18

    Abstract: Abstract Background The spatiotemporal organization of migratory routes of long-distance migrants results from trade-offs between minimizing the journey length and en route risk of migration-related mortality, which may be reduced by avoiding crossing ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background The spatiotemporal organization of migratory routes of long-distance migrants results from trade-offs between minimizing the journey length and en route risk of migration-related mortality, which may be reduced by avoiding crossing inhospitable ecological barriers. Despite flourishing avian migration research in recent decades, little is still known about inter-individual variability in migratory routes, as well as the carry-over effects of spatial and temporal features of migration on subsequent migration stages. Methods We reconstructed post- and pre-breeding migration routes, barrier crossing behaviour and non-breeding movements of the largest sample (N = 85) analysed to date of individual barn swallows breeding in south-central Europe, which were tracked using light-level geolocators. Results Most birds spent their non-breeding period in the Congo basin in a single stationary area, but a small fraction of itinerant individuals reaching South Africa was also observed. Birds generally followed a ‘clockwise loop migration pattern’, moving through the central Mediterranean and the Sahara Desert during post-breeding (north to south) migration yet switching to a more western route, along the Atlantic coast of Africa, Iberia and western Mediterranean during the pre-breeding (south to north) migration. Southward migration was straighter and less variable, while northward migration was significantly faster despite the broader detour along the Atlantic coast and Iberia. These patterns showed limited sex-related variability. The timing of different circannual events was tightly linked with previous migration stages, considerably affecting migration route and speed of subsequent movements. Indeed, individuals departing late from Africa performed straighter and faster pre-breeding migrations, partly compensating for the initial departure delays, but likely at the cost of performing riskier movements across ecological barriers. Conclusions Different spatiotemporal migration strategies during post- and ...
    Keywords Long-distance movement ; Carry-over effects ; Ecological barriers crossing ; Light-level geolocators ; Loop migration ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 590
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: KidneyGPS

    Kira J. Stanzick / Klaus J. Stark / Mathias Gorski / Johannes Schödel / René Krüger / Florian Kronenberg / Richard Warth / Iris M. Heid / Thomas W. Winkler

    BMC Bioinformatics, Vol 24, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    a user-friendly web application to help prioritize kidney function genes and variants based on evidence from genome-wide association studies

    2023  Volume 12

    Abstract: Abstract Background Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified hundreds of genetic loci associated with kidney function. By combining these findings with post-GWAS information (e.g., statistical fine-mapping to identify independent ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified hundreds of genetic loci associated with kidney function. By combining these findings with post-GWAS information (e.g., statistical fine-mapping to identify independent association signals and to narrow down signals to causal variants; or different sources of annotation data), new hypotheses regarding physiology and disease aetiology can be obtained. These hypotheses need to be tested in laboratory experiments, for example, to identify new therapeutic targets. For this purpose, the evidence obtained from GWAS and post-GWAS analyses must be processed and presented in a way that they are easily accessible to kidney researchers without specific GWAS expertise. Main Here we present KidneyGPS, a user-friendly web-application that combines genetic variant association for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from the Chronic Kidney Disease Genetics consortium with annotation of (i) genetic variants with functional or regulatory effects (“SNP-to-gene” mapping), (ii) genes with kidney phenotypes in mice or human (“gene-to-phenotype”), and (iii) drugability of genes (to support re-purposing). KidneyGPS adopts a comprehensive approach summarizing evidence for all 5906 genes in the 424 GWAS loci for eGFR identified previously and the 35,885 variants in the 99% credible sets of 594 independent signals. KidneyGPS enables user-friendly access to the abundance of information by search functions for genes, variants, and regions. KidneyGPS also provides a function (“GPS tab”) to generate lists of genes with specific characteristics thus enabling customizable Gene Prioritisation (GPS). These specific characteristics can be as broad as any gene in the 424 loci with a known kidney phenotype in mice or human; or they can be highly focussed on genes mapping to genetic variants or signals with particularly with high statistical support. KidneyGPS is implemented with RShiny in a modularized fashion to facilitate update of input data ( ...
    Keywords GWAS ; Kidney function ; Web application ; KidneyGPS ; Gene prioritization ; Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ; R858-859.7 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Flight Behavior of Individual Aerial Insectivores Revealed by Novel Altitudinal Dataloggers

    R. Andrew Dreelin / J. Ryan Shipley / David W. Winkler

    Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Vol

    2018  Volume 6

    Abstract: Swallows and martins (Aves: Hirundinidae) are well-studied with respect to their breeding biology, but major aspects of their individual aerial movement behavior and ecology are poorly understood. Atmospheric conditions can strongly influence both the ... ...

    Abstract Swallows and martins (Aves: Hirundinidae) are well-studied with respect to their breeding biology, but major aspects of their individual aerial movement behavior and ecology are poorly understood. Atmospheric conditions can strongly influence both the availability and distribution of flying insects that aerial insectivores rely upon. Because aerial insects are often found in distinct clusters within the aerosphere, we wanted to explore whether aerial insectivore flight altitudes were species-specific and if they were associated with atmospheric conditions. We examined these questions with novel tag technology, an altitude datalogger, on breeding populations of Purple Martin (Progne subis), Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor), and Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica) in upstate New York during the summer of 2016, providing individual-level flight data on a per minute basis. Using mixed models, we investigated differences in flight altitudes between individuals, species, and varying atmospheric conditions. The major findings were that individuals of each species spent significantly different proportions of their time throughout the day in different aerial strata. In addition, higher flying species such as Purple Martins and Tree Swallows responded positively to greater thermal uplift whereas this predictor had no effect on Barn Swallow flight altitudes. Finally, the differing relationships for all species between their flight altitudes and weather variables suggest that each species may use different atmospheric cues for tracking their environment and/or prey. More research spanning greater time scales and a wider range of atmospheric conditions is needed to determine these relationships in finer detail. We encourage broader use of this or similar methodologies to better understand the behavior and ecology of aerial insectivores globally.
    Keywords aerial insectivore ; aeroecology ; flight ; behavior ; ecology ; swallow ; Evolution ; QH359-425 ; QH540-549.5
    Subject code 590
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Aktuelle Bilder: Intrapankreatische Nebenmilz imitiert neuroendokrinen Tumor des Pankreas

    Schima, W / Winkler, T

    Journal für Gastroenterologische und Hepatologische Erkrankungen

    2015  Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 28–29

    MeSH term(s) Diagnostik, Fallbericht, Gastroenterologie, intrapankreatische Nebenmilz, Radiologie
    Publishing date 20150311
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2250827-2
    ISSN 1728-6271 ; 1728-6263
    ISSN (online) 1728-6271
    ISSN 1728-6263
    Database Krause and Pachernegg publications database

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  6. Article ; Online: The environmental and genetic determinants of chick telomere length in Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor)

    Amos Belmaker / Kelly K. Hallinger / Rebbeca A. Glynn / David W. Winkler / Mark F. Haussmann

    Ecology and Evolution, Vol 9, Iss 14, Pp 8175-

    2019  Volume 8186

    Abstract: Abstract Conditions during early life can have dramatic effects on adult characteristics and fitness. However, we still know little about the mechanisms that mediate these relationships. Telomere shortening is one possibility. Telomeres are long ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Conditions during early life can have dramatic effects on adult characteristics and fitness. However, we still know little about the mechanisms that mediate these relationships. Telomere shortening is one possibility. Telomeres are long sequences of DNA that protect the ends of chromosomes. They shorten naturally throughout an individual's life, and individuals with short telomeres tend to have poorer health and reduced survival. Given this connection between telomere length (TL) and fitness, natural selection should favor individuals that are able to retain longer telomeres for a greater portion of their lives. However, the ability of natural selection to act on TL depends on the extent to which genetic and environmental factors influence TL. In this study, we experimentally enlarged broods of Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) to test the effects of demanding early‐life conditions on TL, while simultaneously cross‐fostering chicks to estimate heritable genetic influences on TL. In addition, we estimated the effects of parental age and chick sex on chick TL. We found that TL is highly heritable in Tree Swallow chicks, and that the maternal genetic basis for TL is stronger than is the paternal genetic basis. In contrast, the experimental manipulation of brood size had only a weak effect on chick TL, suggesting that the role of environmental factors in influencing TL early in life is limited. There was no effect of chick sex or parental age on chick TL. While these results are consistent with those reported in some studies, they are in conflict with others. These disparate conclusions might be attributable to the inherent complexity of telomere dynamics playing out differently in different populations or to study‐specific variation in the age at which subjects were measured.
    Keywords brood enlargement ; heritability ; stress ; Tachycineta bicolor ; telomere length ; Tree Swallow ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
    Subject code 590
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Wiley
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Temperate-Tropical Variation in Breeding Synchrony and Extra-Pair Paternity Among New World Tachycineta Swallows

    Valentina Ferretti / Viviana Massoni / Marcela Liljesthröm / Mariela V. Lacoretz / David W. Winkler

    Scientific Reports, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2019  Volume 10

    Abstract: Abstract Extra-pair paternity rates vary markedly across avian taxa, but patterns of variation in this trait have been obscured by a paucity of data on closely related species, especially those spanning broad environmental gradients. Here we compare ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Extra-pair paternity rates vary markedly across avian taxa, but patterns of variation in this trait have been obscured by a paucity of data on closely related species, especially those spanning broad environmental gradients. Here we compare variation in extra-pair paternity rates among five species in the widespread swallow genus Tachycineta. Rates of extra-pair paternity vary widely in this group, ranging from 13 to 87% of nests having extra-pair young. The inter-specific variation in extra-pair paternity within this small group of closely related swallows has a range equivalent to that found among all Hirundinidae and is close to the range of variation across all birds. Despite theory that predicts extra-pair paternity rates to be explained by latitudinal variation in breeding synchrony our results show that extra-pair paternity rates in this genus do not closely track a latitudinal gradient, as predicted by studies of other life-history traits, and are not explained by differences in breeding synchrony as previously suggested. The genetic mating systems of birds, described by the rates of extra-pair paternity, are connected to all other life-history traits through a complex network of trade-offs with organismal (phylogenetic) and ecological (environmental) factors. Disentangling each of these interactions to understand latitudinal patterns in any given life-history trait remains a daunting task.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 590
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction and Increased Tibial Slope

    Gian Andrea Lucidi MD / Bálint Zsidai MD / Philipp W. Winkler MD / Brian M. Godshaw MD / Jonathan D. Hughes MD / Volker Musahl MD

    Video Journal of Sports Medicine, Vol

    When to Perform a Slope-Altering High Tibial Osteotomy

    2022  Volume 2

    Abstract: Background: Slope-correcting high tibial osteotomy (HTO) is gaining popularity for mitigating the impact of posterior tibial slope (PTS) on graft failure in patients requiring revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery. ... ...

    Abstract Background: Slope-correcting high tibial osteotomy (HTO) is gaining popularity for mitigating the impact of posterior tibial slope (PTS) on graft failure in patients requiring revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery. Biomechanical and clinical studies have demonstrated that PTS reduction results in decreased graft forces and satisfactory patient outcomes, making it an important technique in the setting of complex revision ACL reconstruction (ACL-R). Indications: Slope-correcting HTO can be performed for the management of recurrent knee instability after ACL-R due to a high PTS of 12° or greater. Technique Description: A 3- to 4-inch incision is made along the tibia using an anteromedial approach, and the exposed patellar tendon is protected using a retractor. The anterior compartment is exposed by an incision in the tibialis anterior fascia, followed by elevation of the tibialis anterior and placement of a Hohmann retractor. Subperiosteal elevation of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) is performed on the medial side of the tibial tubercle. The position of eventual screw fixation is marked, and a straight tubercle osteotomy is performed without anteriorization, leaving a freely exposed proximal tibia. Two K-wires are used to mark the location of the osteotomy. Soft tissue structures are protected with Hohmann retractors on both sides while using an oscillating saw to perform the osteotomy. A few degrees (1°-3°) of overcorrection are preferred. The osteotomy is completed, retaining 1cm of posterior hinge. The wedge is removed and reduced by hyperextending the knee under gentle manual traction. Pre-contoured, low-profile plates with locking screws are placed, with 3 screws proximally and another 3 distally. During concurrent ACL-R, the screws should leave room for drilling of the ACL tibial tunnel. Results: Studies investigating the effects of slope-correcting HTO concurrent to revision ACL-R have reported reduced anterior tibial translation and rotatory knee instability, improved ...
    Keywords Sports medicine ; RC1200-1245 ; Orthopedic surgery ; RD701-811
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher SAGE Publishing
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: All-Soft Tissue Meniscus Allograft Transplantation

    Bálint Zsidai MD / Gian Andrea Lucidi MD / Philipp W. Winkler MD / Ryan J. Gnandt MD / Ian D. Engler MD / Volker Musahl MD

    Video Journal of Sports Medicine, Vol

    Indications, Techniques, and Results

    2022  Volume 2

    Abstract: Background: Meniscus allograft transplantation (MAT) may be indicated for young patients with joint line pain following subtotal or total meniscectomy. Several different approaches for performing MAT have been described in the literature and are ... ...

    Abstract Background: Meniscus allograft transplantation (MAT) may be indicated for young patients with joint line pain following subtotal or total meniscectomy. Several different approaches for performing MAT have been described in the literature and are influenced by appropriate patient selection, graft-sizing, and soft-tissue fixation techniques. Clinical studies demonstrate favorable results regarding pain relief and knee function in young patients undergoing MAT, making it a viable option for the treatment of postmeniscectomy syndrome. Indications: Meniscus allograft transplantation is indicated for symptomatic patients following subtotal or total meniscectomy. Selection criteria include patient age below 40 to 45 years, body mass index below 35, chondral changes of grade 2 or less, anatomic or correctable joint alignment, and normal or correctable knee stability. Technique Description: A standard arthroscopy is performed to confirm the indication for MAT, followed by debridement of the meniscus remnant up to the meniscus-capsular junction. The meniscus horns are prepared using a single No. 5 suture, while 4 to 5 No. 2 sutures are passed through the posterior body. The anterior and posterior root tunnels are drilled, and the meniscus is inserted through a posterior vertical arthrotomy using suture passers transmitted via the bone tunnels. The allograft is manipulated into proper position with a probe and the application of axial traction on the posterior root suture. At this point, sutures attached to the posterior horn are passed to the posterior capsule and 6 to 8 inside-out sutures are used to stabilize and fixate the midbody and anterior portion of the allograft. Results: Several clinical studies report good outcomes following MAT with a mean survival rate of approximately 70% at 10-year follow-up and 60% at 15 years. Additionally, some evidence is currently available regarding the long-term chondroprotective effect of MAT. Description/Conclusion: All-soft tissue meniscus allograft transplantation is a feasible ...
    Keywords Sports medicine ; RC1200-1245 ; Orthopedic surgery ; RD701-811
    Subject code 610 ; 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher SAGE Publishing
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: Hormones and Fitness

    Maren N. Vitousek / Conor C. Taff / Kelly K. Hallinger / Cedric Zimmer / David W. Winkler

    Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Vol

    Evidence for Trade-Offs in Glucocorticoid Regulation Across Contexts

    2018  Volume 6

    Abstract: Glucocorticoid hormones are important regulators of metabolic processes, and of the behavioral and physiological responses to stressors. Within-population variation in circulating glucocorticoids has been linked with both reproductive success and ... ...

    Abstract Glucocorticoid hormones are important regulators of metabolic processes, and of the behavioral and physiological responses to stressors. Within-population variation in circulating glucocorticoids has been linked with both reproductive success and survival, but the presence and direction of relationships vary. Although conceptual models suggest the potential for interactions between glucocorticoid secretion under acute stress and non-acute stress contexts to influence phenotype and fitness, very little is known about the presence or implications of such interactions. Here we use a large data set from breeding tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor; n = 215 adults) to test the predictors of reproductive success and annual survival probability in females and males over a four-year period. Across years and life history stages, glucocorticoids predicted fitness in female tree swallows. Under challenging conditions, females that maintained low baseline corticosterone levels during incubation had higher reproductive success. During the nestling provisioning period, interactions between baseline glucocorticoids and the stress response suggest that females may face trade-offs in the regulation of glucocorticoids across contexts. Reproductive success was highest among females that maintained low baseline glucocorticoids coupled with a strong acute stress response, and among females with high baseline glucocorticoids and a weak acute stress response. Females with low or high glucocorticoid levels across contexts (baseline and acute stress) fledged fewer young. Glucocorticoid levels did not predict fledging success in males. None of the models of annual survival probability in females received strong support; model comparisons suggested weak negative effects of stress responsiveness during nestling provisioning, and positive effects of body condition and age, on survival. Male survival probability was not predicted by breeding phenotype. Within and across years the glucocorticoid stress response was individually repeatable; ...
    Keywords corticosterone ; endocrine flexibility ; evolutionary endocrinology ; fitness ; glucocorticoids ; reproductive success ; Evolution ; QH359-425 ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
    Subject code 590
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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