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Article ; Online: What the geological past can tell us about the future of the ocean's twilight zone.

Crichton, Katherine A / Wilson, Jamie D / Ridgwell, Andy / Boscolo-Galazzo, Flavia / John, Eleanor H / Wade, Bridget S / Pearson, Paul N

Nature communications

2023 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 2376

Abstract: Paleontological reconstructions of plankton community structure during warm periods of the Cenozoic (last 66 million years) reveal that deep-dwelling 'twilight zone' (200-1000 m) plankton were less abundant and diverse, and lived much closer to the ... ...

Abstract	Paleontological reconstructions of plankton community structure during warm periods of the Cenozoic (last 66 million years) reveal that deep-dwelling 'twilight zone' (200-1000 m) plankton were less abundant and diverse, and lived much closer to the surface, than in colder, more recent climates. We suggest that this is a consequence of temperature's role in controlling the rate that sinking organic matter is broken down and metabolized by bacteria, a process that occurs faster at warmer temperatures. In a warmer ocean, a smaller fraction of organic matter reaches the ocean interior, affecting food supply and dissolved oxygen availability at depth. Using an Earth system model that has been evaluated against paleo observations, we illustrate how anthropogenic warming may impact future carbon cycling and twilight zone ecology. Our findings suggest that significant changes are already underway, and without strong emissions mitigation, widespread ecological disruption in the twilight zone is likely by 2100, with effects spanning millennia thereafter.
MeSH term(s)	Seawater/chemistry ; Plankton ; Carbon Cycle ; Temperature ; Oceans and Seas
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-023-37781-6
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Book ; Online: Globigerinoides rublobatus – a new species of Pleistocene planktonic foraminifera

Latas, Marcin / Pearson, Paul N. / Poole, Christopher R. / Fabbrini, Alessio / Wade, Bridget S.

eISSN: 2041-4978

2023

Abstract: We describe Globigerinoides rublobatus n. sp., a new morphospecies of fossil planktonic foraminifera, from the Pleistocene sediments ( ∼810 ka) of the Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean. We use image analysis and morphometry of 860 specimens from ... ...

Abstract	We describe Globigerinoides rublobatus n. sp., a new morphospecies of fossil planktonic foraminifera, from the Pleistocene sediments ( ∼810 ka) of the Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean. We use image analysis and morphometry of 860 specimens from International Ocean Discovery Program Site U1483 in the tropical Indian Ocean to document morphological variability in the new morphospecies and related taxa, and we also report it from Pacific Ocean Site U1486 for the first time. The new morphospecies combines characteristics typical of Globigerinoides conglobatus (Brady, 1879) and Globigerinoides ruber (d'Orbigny, 1839), with which it co-occurs, but is distinct from both. Morphometric data indicate that G. rublobatus n. sp. is closer to G. conglobatus , potentially signalling an evolutionary affinity. We find that Globigerinoides rublobatus n. sp. occurs as two variants, a pigmented (pink) form and a non-pigmented (white) form. The non-pigmented forms are on average ∼50 % larger than the pigmented forms. This is so far only the third instance of fossil planktonic foraminifera known to exhibit this pink pigmentation. We regard the pink and white forms as variants of a single morphospecies and suggest the pink form may represent a later evolutionary adaptation.
Subject code	551
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-17
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
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Article: Dextral to sinistral coiling switch in planktic foraminifer Morozovella during the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum

Luciani, Valeria / D'Onofrio, Roberta / Dickens, Gerald R. / Wade, Bridget S.

Global and planetary change. 2021 Nov., v. 206

2021

Abstract: Coiling direction is a basic characteristic of trochospiral planktic foraminifera. Modifications in the coiling direction within ancient planktic foraminiferal populations may reflect important changes in evolution or environment, yet they remain ... ...

Abstract	Coiling direction is a basic characteristic of trochospiral planktic foraminifera. Modifications in the coiling direction within ancient planktic foraminiferal populations may reflect important changes in evolution or environment, yet they remain scarcely discussed. Here we investigate fluctuations in the coiling direction within Morozovella assemblages from sections that span the interval of peak Cenozoic warmth, the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO; ~53–49 million years ago, Ma), at Atlantic Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) sites 1051, 1258 and 1263. The surface-dwelling genus Morozovella is of particular interest because it dominated tropical-subtropical early Paleogene assemblages then suffered an abrupt and permanent decline in abundance and taxonomic diversity at the start of the EECO. At all ODP sites, morozovellids display a dominant dextral coiling preference during the interval preceding the EECO. However, all the Morozovella species at all sites modify their coiling from preferentially dextral to sinistral coiling within the EECO, <200 kyr after the K/X event (~52.8 Ma), providing a new biostratigraphic tool for correlation. We also document that before the major shift in morozovellid coiling, transient excursions to higher abundances of sinistral tests occurred in conjunction with negative carbon isotope excursions. Significantly, carbon isotope data reveal that sinistral morphotypes belonging to the same morphospecies typically have lower δ¹³C values. The dominance of sinistral morphotypes, at the expense of dextral forms within the EECO, coupled with the lower δ¹³C signatures of the former, suggests that the sinistral forms were less dependent on their photosymbiotic partnerships and thus able to adapt more readily to paleoceanographic change at the EECO. The observed sinistral and dextral coiling of morozovellids can be a genetically heritable characteristic that lies within cryptic speciation across multiple morphologically defined species. Alternatively the coiling changes were exclusively ecophenotypic responses whereby different species were able to preferentially adopt sinistral coiling in reaction to the changed conditions in the mixed-layer during the EECO. Previous interpretations of coiling flips in planktic foraminifera in the early Eocene, especially including morozovellids, have favoured a genetic explanation rather than an ecological response. Our present data cannot validate or disprove this idea, but should stimulate renewed thought on the matter.
Keywords	Eocene epoch ; Retaria ; carbon ; cryptic speciation ; decline ; morphospecies ; morphs ; paleoceanography ; photosymbiosis ; species diversity ; Atlantic Ocean
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-11
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2016967-X
ISSN	0921-8181
ISSN	0921-8181
DOI	10.1016/j.gloplacha.2021.103634
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: A review of the importance of the Caribbean region in Oligo-Miocene low latitude planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy and the implications for modern biogeochronological schemes

King, David J / Liska, Robert D / Miller, C. Giles / Wade, Bridget S

Earth-science reviews. 2019 Sept. 28,

2019

Abstract: Planktonic foraminifera are widely used in marine biostratigraphy thanks to their small size, limited stratigraphic range and abundance in oceanic sediments. The utility of planktonic foraminifera in biostratigraphy was first fully recognised within the ... ...

Abstract	Planktonic foraminifera are widely used in marine biostratigraphy thanks to their small size, limited stratigraphic range and abundance in oceanic sediments. The utility of planktonic foraminifera in biostratigraphy was first fully recognised within the Caribbean region during the middle of the 20th century. The area was critical for the subsequent development of the low latitude biostratigraphic schemes and remains fundamental for modern day biogeochronologies. This study presents a historical review of the Oligo-Miocene component of these biostratigraphic schemes, including the first proposed scheme of Cushman and Stainforth (1945) and the subsequent development. The work of Hans Bolli and Walter Blow is particularly highlighted due to their heavy influence on modern day biostratigraphy, including these authors initially recognising the biostratigraphic utility of a number of bioevents still applied today. These Caribbean-centric schemes are correlated to the modern-day low latitude biogeochronology of Wade et al. (2011), with this synthesis highlighting that a number of bioevents (e.g. Top Paragloborotalia kugleri and Top Catapsydrax dissimilis) have been applied consistently since their initial recognition. This in turn allows the recognisability of these bioevents to be deduced based on how consistently applied each datum has been. In addition, the range charts of six studies focusing heavily on the Caribbean have been reassessed to determine whether there is potential to apply a given bioevent, and the original author merely did not recognise the biostratigraphic utility of the species or favoured another bioevent.In considering this historical review, a number of amendments to Wade et al. (2011) and future priorities to planktonic foraminifera biogeochronologies are suggested. Most notably, the re-introduction of Base Globigerinatella insueta as a primary bioevent due to the historical biostratigraphic importance of this species. This event now defines early Miocene Subzone M3b (Gt. insueta/Ct. dissimilis PRZ) dividing Zone M3 into an upper Subzone M3b (Base Gt. insueta) and lower Subzone M3a (Base Globigerinatella sp.). Finally, the Miocene to Recent timescale of Wade et al. (2011) has been recalibrated following more recent updates to the magnetostratigraphy (Kochhann et al., 2016; Ogg et al., 2016; Drury et al., 2017; Beddow et al., 2018) and cyclostratigraphy (Wilkens et al., 2017). The overall effect on the planktonic foraminifera biogeochronology is minor but our results become the suggested biostratigraphic framework for the low latitudes.
Keywords	biostratigraphy ; latitude ; Miocene epoch ; plankton ; Retaria ; sediments ; Caribbean
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-0928
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	1792-9
ISSN	0012-8252
ISSN	0012-8252
DOI	10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.102968
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Temperature controls carbon cycling and biological evolution in the ocean twilight zone.

Boscolo-Galazzo, Flavia / Crichton, Katherine A / Ridgwell, Andy / Mawbey, Elaine M / Wade, Bridget S / Pearson, Paul N

Science (New York, N.Y.)

2021 Volume 371, Issue 6534, Page(s) 1148–1152

Abstract: Theory suggests that the ocean's biological carbon pump, the process by which organic matter is produced at the surface and transferred to the deep ocean, is sensitive to temperature because temperature controls photosynthesis and respiration rates. We ... ...

Abstract	Theory suggests that the ocean's biological carbon pump, the process by which organic matter is produced at the surface and transferred to the deep ocean, is sensitive to temperature because temperature controls photosynthesis and respiration rates. We applied a combined data-modeling approach to investigate carbon and nutrient recycling rates across the world ocean over the past 15 million years of global cooling. We found that the efficiency of the biological carbon pump increased with ocean cooling as the result of a temperature-dependent reduction in the rate of remineralization (degradation) of sinking organic matter. Increased food delivery at depth prompted the development of new deep-water niches, triggering deep plankton evolution and the expansion of the mesopelagic "twilight zone" ecosystem.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	128410-1
ISSN	1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
ISSN (online)	1095-9203
ISSN	0036-8075
DOI	10.1126/science.abb6643
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Zs.A 27: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MG 77: Show issues

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Article: Evolution of deep-sea sediments across the Paleocene-Eocene and Eocene-Oligocene boundaries

Wade, Bridget S / O'Neill, James F / Phujareanchaiwon, Chawisa / Ali, Imran / Lyle, Mitchell / Witkowski, Jakub

Elsevier B.V. Earth-science reviews. 2020 Dec., v. 211

2020

Abstract: The composition and distribution of deep-sea sediments is the result of a multitude of climatic, biotic and oceanic conditions relating to biogeochemical cycles and environmental change. Here we utilize the extensive sediment archives of the ... ...

Abstract	The composition and distribution of deep-sea sediments is the result of a multitude of climatic, biotic and oceanic conditions relating to biogeochemical cycles and environmental change. Here we utilize the extensive sediment archives of the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) and its predecessors to construct maps of deep-sea sediment type across two critical but contrasting boundaries in the Paleogene, one characterised by an interval of extreme warmth (Paleocene/Eocene) and the other by global cooling (Eocene/Oligocene). Ocean sediment distribution shows significant divergence both between the latest Paleocene and Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), across the Eocene-Oligocene Transition (EOT), and in comparison to modern sediment distributions. Carbonate sedimentation in the latest Paleocene extends to high southern latitudes. Disappearance of carbonate sediments at the PETM is well documented and can be attributed to dissolution caused by significant ocean acidification as a result of carbon-cycle perturbation. Biosiliceous sediments are rare and it is posited that the reduced biogenic silica deposition at the equator is commensurate with an overall lack of equatorial upwelling in the early Paleogene ocean. In the Southern Ocean, we attribute the low in biosiliceous burial, to the warm deep water temperatures which would have impacted biogenic silica preservation. In the late Eocene, our sediment depositional maps record a tongue of radiolarian ooze in the eastern equatorial Pacific. Enhanced biosiliceous deposits in the late Eocene equatorial Pacific and South Atlantic are due to increased productivity and the spin-up of the oceans. Our compilation documents the enhanced global carbonate sedimentation in the early Oligocene, confirming that the drop in the carbonate compensation depth was global.
Keywords	Eocene epoch ; Oligocene epoch ; Paleocene epoch ; carbonates ; evolution ; global cooling ; marine sediments ; ocean acidification ; silica ; tongue
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-12
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	1792-9
ISSN	0012-8252
ISSN	0012-8252
DOI	10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103403
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Early Paleogene biosiliceous sedimentation in the Atlantic Ocean: Testing the inorganic origin hypothesis for Paleocene and Eocene chert and porcellanite

Witkowski, Jakub / Penman, Donald E / Bryłka, Karolina / Wade, Bridget S / Matting, Sabine / Harwood, David M / Bohaty, Steven M

Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology. 2020 Oct. 15, v. 556

2020

Abstract: The widespread occurrence of lower Eocene chert and porcellanite has been viewed as a major paleoceanographic issue since the advent of ocean drilling, and both biotic and abiotic forcings have been proposed to explain it. We present a reconstruction of ... ...

Abstract	The widespread occurrence of lower Eocene chert and porcellanite has been viewed as a major paleoceanographic issue since the advent of ocean drilling, and both biotic and abiotic forcings have been proposed to explain it. We present a reconstruction of indurated siliceous sediment (ISS) and preserved biosiliceous sediment (PBS) occurrences in the Atlantic Ocean through the Paleocene and Eocene (~66 through 34 Ma). ISS and PBS distributions reveal dissimilar temporal trends, with the peak of ISS occurrences coinciding with the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum, in line with previous studies. PBS occurrences show a generally increasing trend culminating between 44 and 43 Ma. The common co-occurrence of ISS and PBS, and their coherent geographic distribution lends strong support to the biogenic origin of the precursor to the widespread Paleogene ISS, and argues against an inorganic mode of early Cenozoic chert and porcellanite precipitation. Weight per cent biogenic opal records and trends in linear sedimentation rates indicate two plausible modes of silicification: 1) silicification due to prolonged exposure of biogenic opal-rich sediments to corrosive bottom waters; and 2) silicification due to elevated pressures and temperatures caused by rapid burial of biogenic opal-rich deposits. The confinement of ISS and PBS to proximal sites along continental margins points to the reliance of siliceous sedimentation through the Paleocene and Eocene on terrestrial supply of dissolved silicon. Consistent with this, quantitative siliceous microfossil assemblage records from the Blake Nose in the NW Atlantic indicate that the nutrient-rich marginal rather than oligotrophic pelagic settings hosted the majority of siliceous plankton production through the early Paleogene.The inorganic SiO₂ precipitation model is unlikely to have been the dominant mechanism responsible for ubiquitous occurrences of early Paleogene ISS. We favor the biogenic ISS precursor scenario and reconcile it with the low-productivity early Cenozoic oceans by showing that large volumes of biogenic silica were supplied to the western North Atlantic Ocean from the North American margin through the Paleocene and Eocene. Dissolution of this surplus silica was facilitated by an early southwestward flow of young, SiO₂-depleted waters from the North Atlantic. All these factors contributed to ISS and PBS focusing in the western North Atlantic through the early Paleogene.
Keywords	Eocene epoch ; Paleocene epoch ; geographical distribution ; microfossils ; models ; nose ; opal ; palaeogeography ; paleoceanography ; paleoclimatology ; paleoecology ; plankton ; sediments ; silica ; silicon ; Atlantic Ocean
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-1015
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	417718-6
ISSN	0031-0182
ISSN	0031-0182
DOI	10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.109896
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Did Photosymbiont Bleaching Lead to the Demise of Planktic Foraminifer Morozovella at the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum?

Luciani, Valeria / D'Onofrio, Roberta / Dickens, Gerald R / Wade, Bridget S

Paleoceanography

2017 Volume 32, Issue 11, Page(s) 1115–1136

Abstract: The symbiont-bearing mixed-layer planktic foraminiferal genera Morozovella and Acarinina were among the most important calcifiers of early Paleogene tropical-subtropical oceans. A marked and permanent switch in the abundance of these genera is known to ... ...

Abstract	The symbiont-bearing mixed-layer planktic foraminiferal genera Morozovella and Acarinina were among the most important calcifiers of early Paleogene tropical-subtropical oceans. A marked and permanent switch in the abundance of these genera is known to have occurred at low-latitude sites at the beginning of the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO), such that the relative abundance of Morozovella permanently and significantly decreased along with a progressive reduction in the number of species; concomitantly, the genus Acarinina almost doubled its abundance and diversified. Here we examine planktic foraminiferal assemblages and stable isotope compositions of their tests at Ocean Drilling Program Site 1051 (northwest Atlantic) to detail the timing of this biotic event, to document its details at the species level, and to test a potential cause: the loss of photosymbionts (bleaching). We also provide stable isotope measurements of bulk carbonate to refine the stratigraphy at Site 1051 and to determine when changes in Morozovella species composition and their test size occurred. We demonstrate that the switch in Morozovella and Acarinina abundance occurred rapidly and in coincidence with a negative carbon isotope excursion known as the J event (~53 Ma), which marks the start of the EECO. We provide evidence of photosymbiont loss after the J event from a size-restricted δ
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-11-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	0883-8305
ISSN	0883-8305
DOI	10.1002/2017PA003138
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Book ; Online: Late Neogene evolution of modern deep-dwelling plankton

Boscolo-Galazzo, Flavia / Jones, Amy / Dunkley Jones, Tom / Crichton, Katherine A. / Wade, Bridget S. / Pearson, Paul N.

eISSN: 1726-4189

2022

Abstract: The fossil record of marine microplankton provides insights into the evolutionary drivers which led to the origin of modern deep-water plankton, one of the largest components of ocean biomass. We use global abundance and biogeographic data, combined with ...

Abstract	The fossil record of marine microplankton provides insights into the evolutionary drivers which led to the origin of modern deep-water plankton, one of the largest components of ocean biomass. We use global abundance and biogeographic data, combined with depth habitat reconstructions, to determine the environmental mechanisms behind speciation in two groups of pelagic microfossils over the past 15 Myr. We compare our microfossil datasets with water column profiles simulated in an Earth system model. We show that deep-living planktonic foraminiferal (zooplankton) and calcareous nannofossil (mixotroph phytoplankton) species were virtually absent globally during the peak of the middle Miocene warmth. The evolution of deep-dwelling planktonic foraminifera started from subpolar–mid-latitude species, during late Miocene cooling, via allopatry. Deep-dwelling species subsequently spread towards lower latitudes and further diversified via depth sympatry, establishing modern communities stratified hundreds of metres down the water column. Similarly, sub-euphotic zone specialist calcareous nannofossils become a major component of tropical and sub-tropical assemblages during the latest Miocene to early Pliocene. Our model simulations suggest that increased organic matter and oxygen availability for planktonic foraminifera, and increased nutrients and light penetration for nannoplankton, favoured the evolution of new deep-water niches. These conditions resulted from global cooling and the associated increase in the efficiency of the biological pump over the last 15 Myr.
Subject code	551 ; 550
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-08
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Upper Eocene planktonic foraminifera from northern Saudi Arabia

Wade, Bridget S. / Aljahdali, Mohammed H. / Mufrreh, Yahya A. / Memesh, Abdullah M. / AlSoubhi, Salih A. / Zalmout, Iyad S.

eISSN: 2041-4978

implications for stratigraphic ranges

2021

Abstract: The Rashrashiyah Formation of the Sirhan Basin in northern Saudi Arabia contains diverse assemblages of planktonic foraminifera. We examined the biostratigraphy, stratigraphic range and preservation of upper Eocene planktonic foraminifera. Assemblages ... ...

Abstract	The Rashrashiyah Formation of the Sirhan Basin in northern Saudi Arabia contains diverse assemblages of planktonic foraminifera. We examined the biostratigraphy, stratigraphic range and preservation of upper Eocene planktonic foraminifera. Assemblages are well-preserved and diverse, with 40 species and 11 genera. All samples are assigned to the Priabonian Globigerinatheka semiinvoluta Highest Occurrence Zone (E14), consistent with calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy indicating Zone CNE17. Well-preserved planktonic foraminifera assemblages from the lower part of the upper Eocene are rare worldwide. Our study provides new insights into the stratigraphic ranges of many species. We find older (Zone E14) stratigraphic occurrences of several species of Globoturborotalita previously thought to have evolved in the latest Eocene (Zone E15, E16) or Oligocene; these include G. barbula, G. cancellata, G. gnaucki, G. pseudopraebulloides , and G. paracancellata . Older stratigraphic occurrences for Dentoglobigerina taci and Subbotina projecta are also found, and Globigerinatheka kugleri occurs at a younger stratigraphic level than previously proposed. Our revisions to stratigraphic ranges indicate that the late Eocene had a higher tropical–subtropical diversity of planktonic foraminifera than hitherto reported.
Subject code	590 ; 550
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-28
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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