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  1. Article: Nature, Nurture, and the Meaning of Educational Attainment: Differences by Sex and Socioeconomic Status.

    Arpawong, Thalida Em / Gatz, Margaret / Zavala, Catalina / Gruenewald, Tara L / Walters, Ellen E / Prescott, Carol A

    Twin research and human genetics : the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies

    2023  Volume 26, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–9

    Abstract: Estimated heritability of educational attainment (EA) varies widely, from 23% to 80%, with growing evidence suggesting the degree to which genetic variation contributes to individual differences in EA is highly dependent upon situational factors. We ... ...

    Abstract Estimated heritability of educational attainment (EA) varies widely, from 23% to 80%, with growing evidence suggesting the degree to which genetic variation contributes to individual differences in EA is highly dependent upon situational factors. We aimed to decompose EA into influences attributable to genetic propensity and to environmental context and their interplay, while considering influences of rearing household economic status (HES) and sex. We use the Project Talent Twin and Sibling Study, drawn from the population-representative cohort of high school students assessed in 1960 and followed through 2014, to ages 68-72. Data from 3552 twins and siblings from 1741 families were analyzed using multilevel regression and multiple group structural equation models. Individuals from less-advantaged backgrounds had lower EA and less variation. Genetic variance accounted for 51% of the total variance, but within women and men, 40% and 58% of the total variance respectively. Men had stable genetic variance on EA across all HES strata, whereas high HES women showed the same level of genetic influence as men, and lower HES women had constrained genetic influence on EA. Unexpectedly, middle HES women showed the largest constraints in genetic influence on EA. Shared family environment appears to make an outsized contribution to greater variability for women in this middle stratum and whether they pursue more EA. Implications are that without considering early life opportunity, genetic studies on education may mischaracterize sex differences because education reflects different degrees of genetic and environmental influences for women and men.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Male ; Academic Success ; Educational Status ; Siblings ; Social Class ; Twins/genetics ; Aged
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Twin Study
    ZDB-ID 2182682-1
    ISSN 1839-2628 ; 1832-4274
    ISSN (online) 1839-2628
    ISSN 1832-4274
    DOI 10.1017/thg.2023.6
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  2. Article ; Online: General cognitive ability in high school, attained education, occupational complexity, and dementia risk.

    Huh, Jimi / Arpawong, Thalida Em / Gruenewald, Tara L / Fisher, Gwenith G / Prescott, Carol A / Manly, Jennifer J / Seblova, Dominika / Walters, Ellen E / Gatz, Margaret

    Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association

    2024  Volume 20, Issue 4, Page(s) 2662–2669

    Abstract: Introduction: We address the extent to which adolescent cognition predicts dementia risk in later life, mediated by educational attainment and occupational complexity.: Methods: Using data from Project Talent Aging Study (PTAS), we fitted two ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: We address the extent to which adolescent cognition predicts dementia risk in later life, mediated by educational attainment and occupational complexity.
    Methods: Using data from Project Talent Aging Study (PTAS), we fitted two structural equation models to test whether adolescent cognition predicts cognitive impairment (CI) and Ascertain Dementia 8 (AD8) status simultaneously (N
    Results: Education partially mediated the effect of adolescent cognition on CI in the cognitive assessment aample and AD8 in the questionnaire sample (Ps < 0.001). Within twin pairs, differences in adolescent cognition were small, but intrapair differences in education predicted CI status.
    Discussion: Adolescent cognition predicted dementia risk 60 years later, partially mediated through education. Educational attainment, but not occupational complexity, contributes to CI risk beyond its role as a mediator of adolescent cognition, further supported by the co-twin analyses.
    Highlights: Project Talent Aging Study follows enrollees from high school for nearly 60 years. General cognitive ability in high school predicts later-life cognitive impairment. Low education is a risk partially due to its association with cognitive ability.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Humans ; Cognition ; Cognitive Dysfunction/epidemiology ; Dementia/epidemiology ; Educational Status ; Schools
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Twin Study
    ZDB-ID 2211627-8
    ISSN 1552-5279 ; 1552-5260
    ISSN (online) 1552-5279
    ISSN 1552-5260
    DOI 10.1002/alz.13739
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  3. Article: The Project Talent Twin and Sibling Study: Zygosity and New Data Collection.

    Prescott, Carol A / Walters, Ellen E / Arpawong, Thalida Em / Zavala, Catalina / Gruenewald, Tara L / Gatz, Margaret

    Twin research and human genetics : the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies

    2020  Volume 22, Issue 6, Page(s) 769–778

    Abstract: The Project Talent Twin and Sibling (PTTS) study includes 4481 multiples and their 522 nontwin siblings from 2233 families. The sample was drawn from Project Talent, a U.S. national longitudinal study of 377,000 individuals born 1942-1946, first assessed ...

    Abstract The Project Talent Twin and Sibling (PTTS) study includes 4481 multiples and their 522 nontwin siblings from 2233 families. The sample was drawn from Project Talent, a U.S. national longitudinal study of 377,000 individuals born 1942-1946, first assessed in 1960 and representative of U.S. students in secondary school (Grades 9-12). In addition to the twins and triplets, the 1960 dataset includes 84,000 siblings from 40,000 other families. This design is both genetically informative and unique in facilitating separation of the 'common' environment into three sources of variation: shared by all siblings within a family, specific to twin-pairs, and associated with school/community-level factors. We term this the GIFTS model for genetics, individual, family, twin, and school sources of variance. In our article published in a previous Twin Research and Human Genetics special issue, we described data collections conducted with the full Project Talent sample during 1960-1974, methods for the recent linking of siblings within families, identification of twins, and the design of a 54-year follow-up of the PTTS sample, when participants were 68-72 years old. In the current article, we summarize participation and data available from this 2014 collection, describe our method for assigning zygosity using survey responses and yearbook photographs, illustrate the GIFTS model applied to 1960 vocabulary scores from more than 80,000 adolescent twins, siblings and schoolmates and summarize the next wave of PTTS data collection being conducted as part of the larger Project Talent Aging Study.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aptitude ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Middle Aged ; Siblings ; Twins, Dizygotic ; Twins, Monozygotic
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Twin Study
    ZDB-ID 2182682-1
    ISSN 1839-2628 ; 1832-4274
    ISSN (online) 1839-2628
    ISSN 1832-4274
    DOI 10.1017/thg.2019.117
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  4. Article: The NAS-NRC Twin Registry and Duke Twins Study of Memory in Aging: An Update.

    Gatz, Margaret / Plassman, Brenda L / Tanner, Caroline M / Goldman, Samuel M / Swan, Gary E / Chanti-Ketterl, Marianne / Walters, Ellen E / Butler, David A

    Twin research and human genetics : the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies

    2019  Volume 22, Issue 6, Page(s) 757–760

    Abstract: The National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council (NAS-NRC) Twin Registry is one of the oldest, national population-based twin registries in the USA. It comprises 15,924 White male twin pairs born in the years 1917-1927 (N = 31.848), both of ... ...

    Abstract The National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council (NAS-NRC) Twin Registry is one of the oldest, national population-based twin registries in the USA. It comprises 15,924 White male twin pairs born in the years 1917-1927 (N = 31.848), both of whom served in the armed forces, chiefly during World War II. This article updates activities in this registry since the most recent report in Twin Research and Human Genetics (Page, 2006). Records-based data include information from enlistment charts and Veterans Administration data linkages. There have been three major epidemiologic questionnaires and an education and earnings survey. Separate data collection efforts with the NAS-NRC registry include the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) subsample, the Duke Twins Study of Memory in Aging and a clinically based study of Parkinson's disease. Progress has been made on consolidating the various data holdings of the NAS-NRC Twin Registry. Data that had been available through the National Academy of Sciences are now freely available through National Archive of Computerized Data on Aging (NACDA).
    MeSH term(s) Aged, 80 and over ; Aging/genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medical Records Systems, Computerized ; Memory ; National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine, U.S., Health and Medicine Division ; Registries ; Twins/genetics ; United States ; United States Department of Veterans Affairs
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-07-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Twin Study
    ZDB-ID 2182682-1
    ISSN 1839-2628 ; 1832-4274
    ISSN (online) 1839-2628
    ISSN 1832-4274
    DOI 10.1017/thg.2019.45
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  5. Article ; Online: Prevalence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in indigenous Bolivian forager-horticulturalists.

    Gatz, Margaret / Mack, Wendy J / Chui, Helena C / Law, E Meng / Barisano, Giuseppe / Sutherland, M Linda / Sutherland, James D / Eid Rodriguez, Daniel / Quispe Gutierrez, Raul / Copajira Adrian, Juan / Bani Cuata, Jesus / Borenstein, Amy R / Walters, Ellen E / Irimia, Andrei / Rowan, Christopher J / Wann, L Samuel / Allam, Adel H / Thompson, Randall C / Miyamoto, Michael I /
    Michalik, David E / Cummings, Daniel K / Seabright, Edmond / Garcia, Angela R / Hooper, Paul L / Kraft, Thomas S / Finch, Caleb E / Thomas, Gregory S / Stieglitz, Jonathan / Trumble, Benjamin C / Gurven, Michael D / Kaplan, Hillard

    Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association

    2022  Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 44–55

    Abstract: Introduction: We evaluated the prevalence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in indigenous Tsimane and Moseten, who lead a subsistence lifestyle.: Methods: Participants from population-based samples ≥ 60 years of age (n = 623) were ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: We evaluated the prevalence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in indigenous Tsimane and Moseten, who lead a subsistence lifestyle.
    Methods: Participants from population-based samples ≥ 60 years of age (n = 623) were assessed using adapted versions of the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination, informant interview, longitudinal cognitive testing and brain computed tomography (CT) scans.
    Results: Tsimane exhibited five cases of dementia (among n = 435; crude prevalence = 1.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.4, 2.7); Moseten exhibited one case (among n = 169; crude prevalence = 0.6%, 95% CI: 0.0, 3.2), all age ≥ 80 years. Age-standardized MCI prevalence was 7.7% (95% CI: 5.2, 10.3) in Tsimane and 9.8% (95% CI: 4.9, 14.6) in Moseten. Cognitive impairment was associated with visuospatial impairments, parkinsonian symptoms, and vascular calcification in the basal ganglia.
    Discussion: The prevalence of dementia in this cohort is among the lowest in the world. Widespread intracranial medial arterial calcifications suggest a previously unrecognized, non-Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia phenotype.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Prevalence ; Bolivia/epidemiology ; Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnostic imaging ; Cognitive Dysfunction/epidemiology ; Cognitive Dysfunction/complications ; Neuroimaging ; Dementia/diagnostic imaging ; Dementia/epidemiology ; Dementia/complications ; Alzheimer Disease/epidemiology ; Disease Progression
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2211627-8
    ISSN 1552-5279 ; 1552-5260
    ISSN (online) 1552-5279
    ISSN 1552-5260
    DOI 10.1002/alz.12626
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  6. Article: Prevalence and correlates of estimated DSM-IV child and adult separation anxiety disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication.

    Shear, Katherine / Jin, Robert / Ruscio, Ayelet Meron / Walters, Ellen E / Kessler, Ronald C

    The American journal of psychiatry

    2006  Volume 163, Issue 6, Page(s) 1074–1083

    Abstract: Objective: Despite its inclusion in DSM-IV, little is known about the prevalence or correlates of adult separation anxiety disorder or its relationship to the childhood disorder. Results of the first epidemiological study of adult separation anxiety ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Despite its inclusion in DSM-IV, little is known about the prevalence or correlates of adult separation anxiety disorder or its relationship to the childhood disorder. Results of the first epidemiological study of adult separation anxiety disorder, to the authors' knowledge, and its relationship to childhood separation anxiety disorder are presented.
    Method: Data were from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R), a nationally representative survey of U.S. households. A fully structured, lay-administered diagnostic interview assessed a wide range of DSM-IV disorders, including separation anxiety disorder. No independent clinical validation was obtained of the assessment.
    Results: Lifetime prevalence estimates of childhood and adult separation anxiety disorders were 4.1% and 6.6%, respectively. Approximately one-third of the respondents who were classified as childhood cases (36.1%) had an illness that persisted into adulthood, although the majority classified as adult cases (77.5%) had first onset in adulthood. The assessment of separation anxiety disorder in the NCS-R was comorbid with other NCS-R or DSM-IV disorders and associated with severe role impairment in roughly half of the comorbid cases and one-fourth of the pure cases. The majority of people with estimated adult separation anxiety disorder are untreated, even though many obtain treatment for comorbid conditions.
    Conclusions: Criteria for adult separation anxiety disorder should be refined in future editions of DSM because the disorder is likely to be much more common in adults than previously recognized. Research is needed to develop and evaluate treatments that take into consideration its high comorbidity with other DSM-IV disorders.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Age of Onset ; Anxiety, Separation/diagnosis ; Anxiety, Separation/epidemiology ; Anxiety, Separation/therapy ; Child ; Comorbidity ; Delivery of Health Care ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Female ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Disorders/diagnosis ; Mental Disorders/epidemiology ; Mental Disorders/therapy ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/statistics & numerical data ; Reproducibility of Results ; United States/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2006-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 280045-7
    ISSN 1535-7228 ; 0002-953X
    ISSN (online) 1535-7228
    ISSN 0002-953X
    DOI 10.1176/ajp.2006.163.6.1074
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  7. Article: The epidemiology of panic attacks, panic disorder, and agoraphobia in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication.

    Kessler, Ronald C / Chiu, Wai Tat / Jin, Robert / Ruscio, Ayelet Meron / Shear, Katherine / Walters, Ellen E

    Archives of general psychiatry

    2006  Volume 63, Issue 4, Page(s) 415–424

    Abstract: Context: Only limited information exists about the epidemiology of DSM-IV panic attacks (PAs) and panic disorder (PD).: Objective: To present nationally representative data about the epidemiology of PAs and PD with or without agoraphobia (AG) on the ... ...

    Abstract Context: Only limited information exists about the epidemiology of DSM-IV panic attacks (PAs) and panic disorder (PD).
    Objective: To present nationally representative data about the epidemiology of PAs and PD with or without agoraphobia (AG) on the basis of the US National Comorbidity Survey Replication findings.
    Design and setting: Nationally representative face-to-face household survey conducted using the fully structured World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview.
    Participants: English-speaking respondents (N=9282) 18 years or older.
    Main outcome measures: Respondents who met DSM-IV lifetime criteria for PAs and PD with and without AG.
    Results: Lifetime prevalence estimates are 22.7% for isolated panic without AG (PA only), 0.8% for PA with AG without PD (PA-AG), 3.7% for PD without AG (PD only), and 1.1% for PD with AG (PD-AG). Persistence, lifetime number of attacks, and number of years with attacks increase monotonically across these 4 subgroups. All 4 subgroups are significantly comorbid with other lifetime DSM-IV disorders, with the highest odds for PD-AG and the lowest for PA only. Scores on the Panic Disorder Severity Scale are also highest for PD-AG (86.3% moderate or severe) and lowest for PA only (6.7% moderate or severe). Agoraphobia is associated with substantial severity, impairment, and comorbidity. Lifetime treatment is high (from 96.1% for PD-AG to 61.1% for PA only), but 12-month treatment meeting published treatment guidelines is low (from 54.9% for PD-AG to 18.2% for PA only).
    Conclusion: Although the major societal burden of panic is caused by PD and PA-AG, isolated PAs also have high prevalence and meaningful role impairment.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Agoraphobia/diagnosis ; Agoraphobia/epidemiology ; Agoraphobia/psychology ; Comorbidity ; Female ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Health Services/utilization ; Middle Aged ; Panic Disorder/diagnosis ; Panic Disorder/epidemiology ; Panic Disorder/psychology ; Prevalence ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ; Reproducibility of Results ; Severity of Illness Index ; Social Class ; United States/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2006-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 211589-x
    ISSN 1538-3636 ; 0003-990X
    ISSN (online) 1538-3636
    ISSN 0003-990X
    DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.63.4.415
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  8. Article: A risk index for 12-month suicide attempts in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R).

    Borges, Guilherme / Angst, Jules / Nock, Matthew K / Ruscio, Ayelet Meron / Walters, Ellen E / Kessler, Ronald C

    Psychological medicine

    2006  Volume 36, Issue 12, Page(s) 1747–1757

    Abstract: Background: Clinical judgments about the likelihood of suicide attempt would be aided by an index of risk factors that could be quickly assessed in diverse settings. We sought to develop such a risk index for 12-month suicide attempts among suicide ... ...

    Abstract Background: Clinical judgments about the likelihood of suicide attempt would be aided by an index of risk factors that could be quickly assessed in diverse settings. We sought to develop such a risk index for 12-month suicide attempts among suicide ideators.
    Method: The National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R), a household survey of adults aged 18+, assessed the 12-month occurrence of suicide ideation, plans and attempts in a subsample of 5692 respondents. Retrospectively assessed correlates include history of prior suicidality, sociodemographics, parental psychopathology and 12-month DSM-IV disorders.
    Results: Twelve-month prevalence estimates of suicide ideation, plans and attempts are 2.6, 0.7 and 0.4% respectively. Although ideators with a plan are more likely to make an attempt (31.9%) than those without a plan (9.6%), 43% of attempts were described as unplanned. History of prior attempts is the strongest correlate of 12-month attempts. Other significant correlates include shorter duration of ideation, presence of a suicide plan, and several sociodemographic and parental psychopathology variables. Twelve-month disorders are not powerful correlates. A four-category summary index of correlates is strongly related to attempts among ideators [area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC)=0.88]. The distribution (conditional probability of attempt) of the risk index is: 19.0% very low (0.0%), 51.1% low (3.5%), 16.2% intermediate (21.3%), and 13.7% high (78.1%). Two-thirds (67.1%) of attempts were made by ideators in the high-risk category.
    Conclusions: A short, preliminary risk index based on retrospectively reported responses to fully structured questions is strongly correlated with 12-month suicide attempts among ideators, with a high concentration of attempts among high-risk ideators.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Comorbidity ; Demography ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Disorders/diagnosis ; Mental Disorders/epidemiology ; Mental Disorders/psychology ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Probability ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Severity of Illness Index ; Suicide, Attempted/psychology ; Suicide, Attempted/statistics & numerical data ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Time Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2006-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 217420-0
    ISSN 1469-8978 ; 0033-2917
    ISSN (online) 1469-8978
    ISSN 0033-2917
    DOI 10.1017/S0033291706008786
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  9. Article: Prevalence of ICD-10 mental disorders in a catchment area in the city of São Paulo, Brazil.

    Andrade, Laura / Walters, Ellen E / Gentil, Valentim / Laurenti, Ruy

    Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology

    2002  Volume 37, Issue 7, Page(s) 316–325

    Abstract: Background: The prevalence (lifetime, 12-month, 1-month) of mental disorders, their relationship with sociodemographic features, and the use of services were investigated in the population aged 18 years or older living in the catchment area of a large ... ...

    Abstract Background: The prevalence (lifetime, 12-month, 1-month) of mental disorders, their relationship with sociodemographic features, and the use of services were investigated in the population aged 18 years or older living in the catchment area of a large hospital complex in the city of São Paulo, Brazil.
    Methods: A community survey was conducted in two boroughs of São Paulo, on 1,464 residents aged 18 years or older. The assessment of psychopathology was made by CIDI 1.1, yielding diagnoses according to ICD-10 for mood disorders, anxiety disorders, non-affective psychosis, substance use disorders, dissociative and somatoform disorders, and cognitive impairment.
    Results: Of the total sample, 45.9 % had at least one lifetime diagnosis of mental disorder, 26.8 % in the year, and 22.2 % in the month prior to interview. The most prevalent disorders (lifetime, 12-month, and 1-month, respectively) were: nicotine dependence (25 %, 11.4 %, 9.3 %), any mood disorder (18.5 %, 7.6 %, 5 %) with depressive episode the most prevalent mood disorder (16.8 %, 7.1 %, 4.5 %), any anxiety disorder (12.5 %, 7.7 %, 6 %), somatoform disorder (6 %, 4.2 %, 3.2 %), and alcohol abuse/dependence (5.5 %, 4.5 %, 4 %). No gender differences were found in overall morbidity. Excluding substance use disorders, women had a higher risk for non-psychotic disorders. The presence of psychiatric diagnosis increased the use of services, with a low proportion of subjects seeking specialty mental care.
    Conclusion: Our results confirm the high prevalence of mental disorders in the community, similar to findings in other countries. A comparison with findings from other studies with similar methodology is made.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Brazil/epidemiology ; Female ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Mental Disorders/epidemiology ; Mental Health Services/utilization ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Socioeconomic Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2002-07
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 623071-4
    ISSN 1433-9285 ; 0933-7954 ; 0037-7813
    ISSN (online) 1433-9285
    ISSN 0933-7954 ; 0037-7813
    DOI 10.1007/s00127-002-0551-x
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  10. Article: Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication.

    Kessler, Ronald C / Chiu, Wai Tat / Demler, Olga / Merikangas, Kathleen R / Walters, Ellen E

    Archives of general psychiatry

    2005  Volume 62, Issue 6, Page(s) 617–627

    Abstract: Background: Little is known about the general population prevalence or severity of DSM-IV mental disorders.: Objective: To estimate 12-month prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of DSM-IV anxiety, mood, impulse control, and substance disorders in ... ...

    Abstract Background: Little is known about the general population prevalence or severity of DSM-IV mental disorders.
    Objective: To estimate 12-month prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of DSM-IV anxiety, mood, impulse control, and substance disorders in the recently completed US National Comorbidity Survey Replication.
    Design and setting: Nationally representative face-to-face household survey conducted between February 2001 and April 2003 using a fully structured diagnostic interview, the World Health Organization World Mental Health Survey Initiative version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview.
    Participants: Nine thousand two hundred eighty-two English-speaking respondents 18 years and older.
    Main outcome measures: Twelve-month DSM-IV disorders.
    Results: Twelve-month prevalence estimates were anxiety, 18.1%; mood, 9.5%; impulse control, 8.9%; substance, 3.8%; and any disorder, 26.2%. Of 12-month cases, 22.3% were classified as serious; 37.3%, moderate; and 40.4%, mild. Fifty-five percent carried only a single diagnosis; 22%, 2 diagnoses; and 23%, 3 or more diagnoses. Latent class analysis detected 7 multivariate disorder classes, including 3 highly comorbid classes representing 7% of the population.
    Conclusion: Although mental disorders are widespread, serious cases are concentrated among a relatively small proportion of cases with high comorbidity.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Comorbidity ; Depressive Disorder, Major/diagnosis ; Depressive Disorder, Major/epidemiology ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders/diagnosis ; Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders/epidemiology ; Female ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Disorders/diagnosis ; Mental Disorders/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Mood Disorders/diagnosis ; Mood Disorders/epidemiology ; Phobic Disorders/diagnosis ; Phobic Disorders/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/statistics & numerical data ; Severity of Illness Index ; Substance-Related Disorders/diagnosis ; Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology ; United States/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2005-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 211589-x
    ISSN 1538-3636 ; 0003-990X
    ISSN (online) 1538-3636
    ISSN 0003-990X
    DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.617
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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