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Article: Exploring the effects of energy transition on the industrial value chains and alternative resources: A case study from the German federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW)

Abdelshafy, Ali / Walther, Grit

Resources, conservation, and recycling. 2022 Feb., v. 177

2022

Abstract: Defossilizing the energy and industrial systems and transformation towards a circular economy have versatile impacts on the availability and demand of alternative resources. However, systematic analyses on these interrelations are very sparse. Thus, this ...

Abstract	Defossilizing the energy and industrial systems and transformation towards a circular economy have versatile impacts on the availability and demand of alternative resources. However, systematic analyses on these interrelations are very sparse. Thus, this paper investigates the interlinkages between the energy transition and the transformation towards a circular economy in Germany. The study is based on material flow analysis models of the steel and cement industries as well as the coal and lignite power plants in order to depict a comprehensive description of the material, energy and emission flows of these sectors and their interdependencies.The analyses prove the inherent interrelation between energy transition and circular economy. On the one hand, energy transition does not only bear various techno-economic challenges and have substantial effects on the production costs, but it also affects the availability of secondary materials. For instance, the coal phase-out and the introduction of green steel imply that the current supplies of blast furnace slag, fly ash and FGD gypsum cannot be maintained.On the other hand, circularity approaches can also influence the energy transition. For example, banning single-use plastics and increasing recycling rates of plastics can deprive the cement industry from significant amounts of energy resources with low-carbon footprint. Contrariwise, CO₂ recycling can promote the energy transition by means of mitigating CO₂ emissions via carbonation. Therefore, the study can help policymakers to understand the indirect effects of existing and future policies. Also, it can help to develop future strategies to handle associated impacts and avoid material shortages.
Keywords	carbon dioxide ; carbonation ; case studies ; cement ; circular economy ; energy ; fly ash ; furnaces ; gypsum ; industry ; lignite ; material flow analysis ; slags ; steel ; Germany
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-02
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1498716-8
ISSN	0921-3449
ISSN	0921-3449
DOI	10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105992
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: In vitro

Aldejohann, Alexander Maximilian / Menner, Carolina / Thielemann, Nadja / Martin, Ronny / Walther, Grit / Kurzai, Oliver

Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy

2024 Volume 68, Issue 2, Page(s) e0132423

Abstract: Invasive candidiasis is a major hospital-acquired infection. Usually, echinocandins are considered first-line treatment. However, resistant phenotypes have emerged. Ibrexafungerp (IBX) is a new antifungal substance with potent anti- ...

Abstract	Invasive candidiasis is a major hospital-acquired infection. Usually, echinocandins are considered first-line treatment. However, resistant phenotypes have emerged. Ibrexafungerp (IBX) is a new antifungal substance with potent anti-
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Child ; Echinocandins ; Antifungal Agents/pharmacology ; Candida ; Glycosides ; Candida albicans ; Candida glabrata ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Drug Resistance, Fungal ; Triterpenes
Chemical Substances	Echinocandins ; Antifungal Agents ; ibrexafungerp (A92JFM5XNU) ; Glycosides ; Triterpenes
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	217602-6
ISSN	1098-6596 ; 0066-4804
ISSN (online)	1098-6596
ISSN	0066-4804
DOI	10.1128/aac.01324-23
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Article: End-of-life treatment of EPS-based building insulation material – An estimation of future waste and review of treatment options

Schleier, Julia / Simons, Martin / Greiff, Kathrin / Walther, Grit

Resources, conservation, and recycling. 2022 Dec., v. 187

2022

Abstract: Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) used in External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS) is mainly disposed of in waste incineration plants. However, alternative recycling options need to be identified as capacities for this waste treatment are limited ... ...

Abstract	Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) used in External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS) is mainly disposed of in waste incineration plants. However, alternative recycling options need to be identified as capacities for this waste treatment are limited and the amount of EPS-based ETICS waste is expected to increase. Herein, it is necessary to quantify the future waste masses with regard to regional distribution as EPS-based ETICS waste is generated decentrally. Furthermore, consistent information on alternative treatment options for EPS-based ETICS waste is lacking. First, we estimate the amount of upcoming EPS waste from ETICS in Germany with a high spatial resolution. Second, we evaluate state-of-the-art waste management options regarding economic, legal and environmental aspects. We find that waste masses will increase from 3 to 33 kt (2020-2040) with large spatial deviations. We conclude that solvent-based recycling seems promising, but more sophisticated analyses are required, i.e. planning of the future waste treatment infrastructures.
Keywords	insulating materials ; polystyrenes ; waste incineration ; waste treatment ; wastes ; Germany
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-12
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1498716-8
ISSN	0921-3449
ISSN	0921-3449
DOI	10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106603
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Article ; Online: Opportunities and Challenges of Establishing a Regional Bio-based Polylactic Acid Supply Chain.

Abdelshafy, Ali / Hermann, Alina / Herres-Pawlis, Sonja / Walther, Grit

Global challenges (Hoboken, NJ)

2023 Volume 7, Issue 7, Page(s) 2200218

Abstract: Polylactic acid (PLA) is the bioplastic with the highest market share. However, it is mainly produced from first-generation feedstock and there are various inconsistencies in the literature in terms of its production and recycling processes, carbon ... ...

Abstract	Polylactic acid (PLA) is the bioplastic with the highest market share. However, it is mainly produced from first-generation feedstock and there are various inconsistencies in the literature in terms of its production and recycling processes, carbon footprint, and prices. The aim of this study is to compile and contrast these aspects and investigate second-generation PLA production from technical, economic, and ecological perspectives simultaneously. The comprehensive analyses also show the chances and challenges of originating a PLA supply chain in a specific region. Herein, the German Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) has been chosen as a region of interest. In addition to highlighting the industrial capabilities and synergies, the study quantifies and illustrates the locations of different suitable second-generation feedstocks in the region. However, the identified potentials can be challenged by various obstacles such as the high demand of bioresources, feedstock quality, spatial aspects, and logistics. Furthermore, the substantial price gap between PLA and fossil-based plastics can also discourage the investors to include PLA on their portfolios. Thus, the study also provides recommendations to overcome these obstacles and promote the regional value chains of bioplastics which may serve as prototype for other regions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-05
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2056-6646
ISSN (online)	2056-6646
DOI	10.1002/gch2.202200218
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Article ; Online: Recycling and recovery infrastructures for glass and carbon fiber reinforced plastic waste from wind energy industry: A European case study.

Sommer, Valentin / Walther, Grit

Waste management (New York, N.Y.)

2020 Volume 121, Page(s) 265–275

Abstract: Establishing recycling and recovery infrastructures for innovative materials like high-performance composites is very challenging. For such materials, recycling and recovery infrastructures are not yet established, research on end-of-life treatment ... ...

Abstract	Establishing recycling and recovery infrastructures for innovative materials like high-performance composites is very challenging. For such materials, recycling and recovery infrastructures are not yet established, research on end-of-life treatment technologies is still in the development state, and secondary markets for recycled materials are still missing. Against this background, we provide an ex-ante analysis on the design of future cost-minimal recycling and recovery infrastructures for glass (GFRP) and carbon (CFRP) fiber reinforced plastic waste from rotor blades of wind power plants based on a mathematical optimization model. We present insights into future capacities and technologies for the recycling and recovery infrastructures within the EU-28. We systematically analyze the impacts of political regulations and of secondary markets on the design of these infrastructures. While future recycling of CFRP mainly depends on the development of secondary markets independent of political regulations, GFRP is mainly combusted in incineration plants or co-processed in cement clinker plants. Hence, political decision makers should focus on providing measures that support the development of secondary markets for recycled carbon fibers and provide incentives for co-processing of GFRP to overcome capacity limitations.
MeSH term(s)	Carbon ; Carbon Fiber ; Plastics ; Recycling ; Wind
Chemical Substances	Carbon Fiber ; Plastics ; Carbon (7440-44-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2001471-5
ISSN	1879-2456 ; 0956-053X
ISSN (online)	1879-2456
ISSN	0956-053X
DOI	10.1016/j.wasman.2020.12.021
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Book ; Online: KurzInfo: Candida auris

Kurzai, Oliver / Walther, Grit / Cornely, Oliver Andreas / Hamprecht, Axel / Lass-Flörl, Cornelia / Rickerts, Volker / Eckmanns, Tim / Willinger, Birgit

2019

Institution	Leibniz-Institut für Naturstoff-Forschung und Infektionsbiologie / Nationales Referenzzentrum für Invasive Pilzinfektionen
Author's details	an der Erstellung dieser Stellungnahme haben mitgewirkt: Prof. Dr. med. Oliver Kurzai, Dr. Grit Walther, Prof. Dr. med. Oliver Cornely, Prof. Dr. med. Axel Hamprecht, Prof. Dr. med. Cornelia Lass-Flörl, PD Dr. med. Volker Rickerts, Dr. Tim Eckmanns, Prof. Dr. med. Birgit Willinger
Subject code	610
Language	German
Size	1 Online-Ressource (5 Blätter)
Edition	Aktualisierung: 9/2019
Publisher	NRZMyk, Nationales Referenzzentrum für Invasive Pilzinfektionen
Publishing place	Jena
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Book ; Online
Note	Open Access
HBZ-ID	HT020208313
DOI	10.4126/FRL01-006416490
Database	Repository for Life Sciences

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Article: Optimised design of concrete recycling networks: The case of North Rhine-Westphalia

Tsydenova, Nina / Becker, Tristan / Walther, Grit

Waste management. 2021 Nov., v. 135

2021

Abstract: In Germany, construction and demolition waste is either landfilled or used for roadworks after being treated in recycling plants. However, recycled concrete aggregates from building demolition can be reused for the construction of new buildings, which ... ...

Abstract	In Germany, construction and demolition waste is either landfilled or used for roadworks after being treated in recycling plants. However, recycled concrete aggregates from building demolition can be reused for the construction of new buildings, which allows to close the material loop of concrete. The aim of this study is to develop a decision support system (DSS) in order to investigate the economic impacts and consequences of recycling concrete from building demolition in a closed loop material cycle. To do so, we propose a bi-objective mixed-integer linear optimisation model that provides information on the number and location of installed sorting screens and defines the material flows within a comprehensive regional recycling network covering all processes from building demolition to construction of new buildings. While the economic objective function minimises the total costs of the recycling network, the circularity objective function minimises the amount of primary natural aggregates required for concrete manufacturing. We apply our optimisation model to the German federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia. Results show that under current conditions the manufacturing of concrete with recycled concrete aggregates is economically viable predominantly in areas without local supplies of natural aggregates. In addition, analysis of the trade-offs between the two objectives as well as recommendations on the design of political regulations and economic instruments to foster such recycling networks are presented.
Keywords	concrete ; decision support systems ; economic sustainability ; models ; politics ; wastes ; Germany
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-11
Size	p. 309-317.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2001471-5
ISSN	1879-2456 ; 0956-053X
ISSN (online)	1879-2456
ISSN	0956-053X
DOI	10.1016/j.wasman.2021.09.013
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Steering Sustainable End-of-Life Treatment of Glass and Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics Waste from Rotor Blades of Wind Power Plants

Sommer, Valentin / Becker, Tristan / Walther, Grit

Resources, conservation, and recycling. 2021 Nov. 17,

2021

Abstract: In the European Union, recycling quotas are the measure of choice to regulate the end-of-life treatment of waste. In addition to accomplishing the circularity of resources, it is implicitly assumed that the environmentally most favored recycling system ... ...

Abstract	In the European Union, recycling quotas are the measure of choice to regulate the end-of-life treatment of waste. In addition to accomplishing the circularity of resources, it is implicitly assumed that the environmentally most favored recycling system will be established. However, in dependence of the waste material as well as the local treatment and infrastructural conditions, the impacts of political regulations on the total system differ in terms of the environmental as well as economic outcomes. Against this background, we analyze the impact of political regulations on the economic and environmental burden of the necessary treatment infrastructure for endof- life glass and carbon fiber reinforced plastic waste. We first conduct Lifecycle Impact Assessments to quantify the environmental impact of several end-of-life treatment paths. In addition, we developed a decision support tool based on mathematical optimization to systematically analyze the impact of political regulations on the design of the required treatment infrastructures. Herein, we focus on economic and environmental objectives to demonstrate the trade-off between the two evaluation criteria. We apply our methodological approach to a case study on end-of-life glass and carbon fiber reinforced plastic waste from rotor blades of wind power plants in the European Union. We found that up to a certain degree (<60%) recycling quotas lead to the desired environmental benefit in exchange for higher costs. However, when recycling quotas above 60% are demanded the effect is reversed. In addition, we found that the impact of setting recycling quotas differs in dependence of the material.
Keywords	European Union ; carbon fibers ; case studies ; decision support systems ; environmental impact ; glass ; politics ; wastes ; wind power
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-1117
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	1498716-8
ISSN	0921-3449
ISSN	0921-3449
DOI	10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.106077
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Optimised design of concrete recycling networks: The case of North Rhine-Westphalia.

Tsydenova, Nina / Becker, Tristan / Walther, Grit

Waste management (New York, N.Y.)

2021 Volume 135, Page(s) 309–317

Abstract	In Germany, construction and demolition waste is either landfilled or used for roadworks after being treated in recycling plants. However, recycled concrete aggregates from building demolition can be reused for the construction of new buildings, which allows to close the material loop of concrete. The aim of this study is to develop a decision support system (DSS) in order to investigate the economic impacts and consequences of recycling concrete from building demolition in a closed loop material cycle. To do so, we propose a bi-objective mixed-integer linear optimisation model that provides information on the number and location of installed sorting screens and defines the material flows within a comprehensive regional recycling network covering all processes from building demolition to construction of new buildings. While the economic objective function minimises the total costs of the recycling network, the circularity objective function minimises the amount of primary natural aggregates required for concrete manufacturing. We apply our optimisation model to the German federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia. Results show that under current conditions the manufacturing of concrete with recycled concrete aggregates is economically viable predominantly in areas without local supplies of natural aggregates. In addition, analysis of the trade-offs between the two objectives as well as recommendations on the design of political regulations and economic instruments to foster such recycling networks are presented.
MeSH term(s)	Construction Materials ; Germany ; Industrial Waste/analysis ; Recycling ; Waste Management
Chemical Substances	Industrial Waste
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2001471-5
ISSN	1879-2456 ; 0956-053X
ISSN (online)	1879-2456
ISSN	0956-053X
DOI	10.1016/j.wasman.2021.09.013
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Article ; Online: Polyhexanide based contact lens storage fluids frequently exhibit insufficient antifungal activity against Fusarium species.

Schrenker, Benedikt / Zimmermann, Anna / Koch, Thorsten / Walther, Grit / Martin, Ronny / Kampik, Daniel / Kurzai, Oliver / Theuersbacher, Johanna

International journal of medical microbiology : IJMM

2024 Volume 314, Page(s) 151602

Abstract: Purpose: Fusarium keratitis is a severe infection of the anterior eye, frequently leading to keratoplasty or surgical removal of the affected eye. A major risk factor for infection is the use of contact lenses. Inadequate hygiene precautions and mold- ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Fusarium keratitis is a severe infection of the anterior eye, frequently leading to keratoplasty or surgical removal of the affected eye. A major risk factor for infection is the use of contact lenses. Inadequate hygiene precautions and mold-growth permissive storage fluids are important risk factors for fungal keratitis. The aim of this study was to comparatively analyze contact lens storage fluids disinfection efficacy against Fusarium species. Methods: Eleven commercially available storage fluids were tested. The storage fluids were classified according to their active ingredients myristamidopropyldimethylamine (Aldox), polyhexanide and hydrogen peroxide. Efficacy was tested against isolates belonging to the Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum species complexes as the most common agents of mould keratitis. Tests were carried out based on DIN EN ISO 14729. Results: All Aldox and hydrogen peroxide (H Conclusions: In summary, the use of Aldox- or hydrogen peroxide-based storage fluids may reduce the risk of Fusarium keratitis, while polyhexanide-based agents largely lack efficacy against Fusarium.
MeSH term(s)	Antifungal Agents/pharmacology ; Fusarium ; Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology ; Keratitis/prevention & control ; Keratitis/microbiology ; Contact Lenses/microbiology ; Eye Infections, Fungal/microbiology ; Biguanides ; Propylamines
Chemical Substances	Antifungal Agents ; myristamidopropyl dimethylamine (YXS2X34V8W) ; polihexanide (322U039GMF) ; Hydrogen Peroxide (BBX060AN9V) ; Biguanides ; Propylamines
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-23
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2006518-8
ISSN	1618-0607 ; 1438-4221
ISSN (online)	1618-0607
ISSN	1438-4221
DOI	10.1016/j.ijmm.2024.151602
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