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  1. Article ; Online: Intravenous Anakinra for Macrophage Activation Syndrome May Hold Lessons for Treatment of Cytokine Storm in the Setting of Coronavirus Disease 2019.

    Wampler Muskardin, Theresa L

    ACR open rheumatology

    2020  Volume 2, Issue 5, Page(s) 283–285

    Abstract: Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) are increasingly recognized as being on a continuum of cytokine storm syndromes, with different initiating pathways culminating in cytotoxic dysfunction and uncontrolled ... ...

    Abstract Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) are increasingly recognized as being on a continuum of cytokine storm syndromes, with different initiating pathways culminating in cytotoxic dysfunction and uncontrolled activation and proliferation of T lymphocytes and macrophages. The activated immune cells produce large amounts of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 1β (IL)-1β. Management depends on the recognized diagnosis. In the setting of a cytokine storm syndrome and infection, collaborative involvement of specialists, including infectious disease and rheumatology is ideal. Anakinra, a recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist, has been used subcutaneously and intravenously in pediatric patients and is considered a first-line treatment for MAS and secondary HLH (sHLH) among many pediatric rheumatologists. Previous reports of anakinra used in adults for treatment of MAS or sHLH are limited to subcutaneous administration. In this issue, Moneagudo et al. present a series of adult patients with sHLH treated with intravenous anakinra, including patients in whom subcutaneous anakinra was insufficient. As the authors suggest, there is a potential therapeutic use for anakinra in sHLH or the cytokine storm syndrome triggered by COVID19. Trial design will be key, with the patient subpopulation, timing of intervention, and doses tested important.
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2578-5745
    ISSN (online) 2578-5745
    DOI 10.1002/acr2.11140
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Intravenous Anakinra for Macrophage Activation Syndrome May Hold Lessons for Treatment of Cytokine Storm in the Setting of Coronavirus Disease 2019

    Wampler Muskardin, Theresa L

    Abstract: Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) are increasingly recognized as being on a continuum of cytokine storm syndromes, with different initiating pathways culminating in cytotoxic dysfunction and uncontrolled ... ...

    Abstract Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) are increasingly recognized as being on a continuum of cytokine storm syndromes, with different initiating pathways culminating in cytotoxic dysfunction and uncontrolled activation and proliferation of T lymphocytes and macrophages. The activated immune cells produce large amounts of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 1ß (IL)-1ß. Management depends on the recognized diagnosis. In the setting of a cytokine storm syndrome and infection, collaborative involvement of specialists, including infectious disease and rheumatology is ideal. Anakinra, a recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist, has been used subcutaneously and intravenously in pediatric patients and is considered a first-line treatment for MAS and secondary HLH (sHLH) among many pediatric rheumatologists. Previous reports of anakinra used in adults for treatment of MAS or sHLH are limited to subcutaneous administration. In this issue, Moneagudo et al. present a series of adult patients with sHLH treated with intravenous anakinra, including patients in whom subcutaneous anakinra was insufficient. As the authors suggest, there is a potential therapeutic use for anakinra in sHLH or the cytokine storm syndrome triggered by COVID19. Trial design will be key, with the patient subpopulation, timing of intervention, and doses tested important.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #291837
    Database COVID19

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  3. Article ; Online: Lessons from precision medicine in rheumatology.

    Wampler Muskardin, Theresa L / Paredes, Jacqueline L / Appenzeller, Simone / Niewold, Timothy B

    Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)

    2020  Volume 26, Issue 5, Page(s) 533–539

    Abstract: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are two common autoimmune rheumatic diseases that vary in severity, clinical presentation, and disease course between individuals. Molecular and genetic studies of both diseases have ... ...

    Abstract Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are two common autoimmune rheumatic diseases that vary in severity, clinical presentation, and disease course between individuals. Molecular and genetic studies of both diseases have identified candidate genes and molecular pathways that are linked to various disease outcomes and treatment responses. Currently, patients can be grouped into molecular subsets in each disease, and these molecular categories should enable precision medicine approaches to be applied in rheumatic diseases. In this article, we will review key lessons learned about disease heterogeneity and molecular characterization in rheumatology, which we hope will lead to personalized therapeutic strategies.
    MeSH term(s) Autoimmune Diseases/diagnosis ; Autoimmune Diseases/genetics ; Autoimmune Diseases/immunology ; Humans ; Precision Medicine/methods ; Rheumatic Diseases/diagnosis ; Rheumatic Diseases/genetics ; Rheumatic Diseases/immunology ; Rheumatology/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1290669-4
    ISSN 1477-0970 ; 1352-4585
    ISSN (online) 1477-0970
    ISSN 1352-4585
    DOI 10.1177/1352458519884249
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Response to: 'Correspondence on 'Anti-inflammatory therapy for COVID-19 infection: the case for colchicine'' by Perricone

    Shah, Binita / Reyes, Aaron Z / Hu, Kelly A / Teperman, Jacob / Wampler Muskardin, Theresa L / Tardif, Jean-Claude / Pillinger, Michael H

    Annals of the rheumatic diseases

    2021  Volume 82, Issue 4, Page(s) e82

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19 ; Colchicine/therapeutic use ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; SARS-CoV-2
    Chemical Substances Colchicine (SML2Y3J35T) ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 7090-7
    ISSN 1468-2060 ; 0003-4967
    ISSN (online) 1468-2060
    ISSN 0003-4967
    DOI 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-219898
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Regional european genetic ancestry predicts type I interferon level and risk of severe viral infection.

    Nln, Ilona / Shum, Justine / Ghodke-Puranik, Yogita / Tipon, Regine / Triese, Danielle / Amin, Shreyasee / Makol, Ashima / Osborn, Thomas / Chowdhary, Vaidehi / Thanarajasingam, Uma / Wampler Muskardin, Theresa L / Oke, Vilija / Gunnarsson, Iva / Zickert, Agneta / Zervou, Maria I / Boumpas, Dimitrios T / Svenungsson, Elisabet / Goulielmos, George N / Niewold, Timothy B

    QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians

    2024  

    Abstract: Background: Viral infection outcomes vary widely between individuals, ranging from mild symptoms to severe organ failure and death, and it is clear that host genetic factors play a role in this variability. Type I interferon (IFN) is a critical anti- ... ...

    Abstract Background: Viral infection outcomes vary widely between individuals, ranging from mild symptoms to severe organ failure and death, and it is clear that host genetic factors play a role in this variability. Type I interferon (IFN) is a critical anti-viral cytokine, and we have previously noted differences in type I IFN levels between world populations.
    Methods: In this study, we investigate the interrelationship between regional European genetic ancestry, type I IFN levels, and severe viral infection outcomes.
    Results: In cohorts of European ancestry lupus patients living in Europe, we noted higher IFN in the Northwestern populations as compared to Southeastern populations. In an independent cohort of European ancestry lupus patients from the United States with varying proportional regional European genetic admixture, we observed the same Northwest vs. Southeast European ancestry IFN gradient. We developed a model to predict type I IFN level based on regional European ancestry (AUC = 0.73, p = 6.1e-6). Examining large databases containing serious viral outcomes data, we found that lower predicted IFN in the corresponding European country was significantly correlated with increased viral infection fatality rate, including COVID-19, viral hepatitis, and HIV [Correlation coefficients: -0.79 (p = 4e-2), -0.94 (p = 6e-3), and -0.96 (p = 8e-2) respectively].
    Conclusions: This association between predicted type I IFN level and viral outcome severity suggests a potential causal relationship, as greater intrinsic type I IFN is beneficial in host defense against viruses. Genetic testing could provide insight into individual and population level risk of fatality due to viruses prior to infection, across a wide range of viral pathogens.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1199985-8
    ISSN 1460-2393 ; 0033-5622 ; 1460-2725
    ISSN (online) 1460-2393
    ISSN 0033-5622 ; 1460-2725
    DOI 10.1093/qjmed/hcae052
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Anti-inflammatory therapy for COVID-19 infection: the case for colchicine.

    Reyes, Aaron Z / Hu, Kelly A / Teperman, Jacob / Wampler Muskardin, Theresa L / Tardif, Jean-Claude / Shah, Binita / Pillinger, Michael H

    Annals of the rheumatic diseases

    2020  Volume 80, Issue 5, Page(s) 550–557

    Abstract: The search for effective COVID-19 management strategies continues to evolve. Current understanding of SARS-CoV-2 mechanisms suggests a central role for exaggerated activation of the innate immune system as an important contributor to COVID-19 adverse ... ...

    Abstract The search for effective COVID-19 management strategies continues to evolve. Current understanding of SARS-CoV-2 mechanisms suggests a central role for exaggerated activation of the innate immune system as an important contributor to COVID-19 adverse outcomes. The actions of colchicine, one of the oldest anti-inflammatory therapeutics, target multiple mechanisms associated with COVID-19 excessive inflammation. While many COVID-19 trials have sought to manipulate SARS-CoV-2 or dampen the inflammatory response once patients are hospitalised, few examine therapeutics to prevent the need for hospitalisation. Colchicine is easily administered, generally well tolerated and inexpensive, and holds particular promise to reduce the risk of hospitalisation and mortality due to COVID-19 in the outpatient setting. Successful outpatient treatment of COVID-19 could greatly reduce morbidity, mortality and the demand for rare or expensive care resources (front-line healthcare workers, hospital beds, ventilators, biological therapies), to the benefit of both resource-replete and resource-poor regions.
    MeSH term(s) Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use ; Colchicine/therapeutic use ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
    Chemical Substances Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Colchicine (SML2Y3J35T)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 7090-7
    ISSN 1468-2060 ; 0003-4967
    ISSN (online) 1468-2060
    ISSN 0003-4967
    DOI 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-219174
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Interferon pathway lupus risk alleles modulate risk of death from acute COVID-19.

    Nln, Ilona / Fernandez-Ruiz, Ruth / Wampler Muskardin, Theresa L / Paredes, Jacqueline L / Blazer, Ashira D / Tuminello, Stephanie / Attur, Mukundan / Iturrate, Eduardo / Petrilli, Christopher M / Abramson, Steven B / Chakravarti, Aravinda / Niewold, Timothy B

    medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences

    2021  

    Abstract: Type I interferon (IFN) is critical in our defense against viral infections. Increased type I IFN pathway activation is a genetic risk factor for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and a number of common risk alleles contribute to the high IFN trait. We ...

    Abstract Type I interferon (IFN) is critical in our defense against viral infections. Increased type I IFN pathway activation is a genetic risk factor for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and a number of common risk alleles contribute to the high IFN trait. We hypothesized that these common gain-of-function IFN pathway alleles may be associated with protection from mortality in acute COVID-19. We studied patients admitted with acute COVID-19 (756 European-American and 398 African-American ancestry). Ancestral backgrounds were analyzed separately, and mortality after acute COVID-19 was the primary outcome. In European-American ancestry, we found that a haplotype of interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) and alleles of protein kinase cGMP-dependent 1 (PRKG1) were associated with mortality from COVID-19. Interestingly, these were much stronger risk factors in younger patients (OR=29.2 for PRKG1 in ages 45-54). Variants in the IRF7 and IRF8 genes were associated with mortality from COVID-19 in African-American subjects, and these genetic effects were more pronounced in older subjects. Combining genetic information with blood biomarker data such as C-reactive protein, troponin, and D-dimer resulted in significantly improved predictive capacity, and in both ancestral backgrounds the risk genotypes were most relevant in those with positive biomarkers (OR for death between 14 and 111 in high risk genetic/biomarker groups). This study confirms the critical role of the IFN pathway in defense against COVID-19 and viral infections, and supports the idea that some common SLE risk alleles exert protective effects in anti-viral immunity.
    Background: We find that a number of IFN pathway lupus risk alleles significantly impact mortality following COVID-19 infection. These data support the idea that type I IFN pathway risk alleles for autoimmune disease may persist in high frequency in modern human populations due to a benefit in our defense against viral infections.
    Translational significance: We develop multivariate prediction models which combine genetics and known biomarkers of severity to result in greatly improved prediction of mortality in acute COVID-19. The specific associated alleles provide some clues about key points in our defense against COVID-19.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2021.11.01.21265766
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Interferon pathway lupus risk alleles modulate risk of death from acute COVID-19

    Nln, Ilona / Fernandez-Ruiz, Ruth / Wampler Muskardin, Theresa L / Paredes, Jacqueline L / Blazer, Ashira D / Tuminello, Stephanie / Attur, Mukundan / Iturrate, Eduardo / Petrilli, Christopher M / Abramson, Steven B / Chakravarti, Aravinda / Niewold, Timothy B

    medRxiv

    Abstract: Type I interferon (IFN) is critical in our defense against viral infections. Increased type I IFN pathway activation is a genetic risk factor for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and a number of common risk alleles contribute to the high IFN trait. We ...

    Abstract Type I interferon (IFN) is critical in our defense against viral infections. Increased type I IFN pathway activation is a genetic risk factor for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and a number of common risk alleles contribute to the high IFN trait. We hypothesized that these common gain-of-function IFN pathway alleles may be associated with protection from mortality in acute COVID-19. We studied patients admitted with acute COVID-19 (751 European-American and 398 African-American ancestry). Ancestral backgrounds were analyzed separately, and mortality after acute COVID-19 was the primary outcome. In European-American ancestry, we found that a haplotype of interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) and alleles of protein kinase cGMP-dependent 1 (PRKG1) were associated with mortality from COVID-19. Interestingly, these were much stronger risk factors in younger patients (OR=29.2 for PRKG1 in ages 45-54). Variants in the IRF7 and IRF8 genes were associated with mortality from COVID-19 in African-American subjects, and these genetic effects were more pronounced in older subjects. Combining genetic information with blood biomarker data such as C-reactive protein, troponin, and D-dimer resulted in significantly improved predictive capacity, and in both ancestral backgrounds the risk genotypes were most relevant in those with positive biomarkers (OR for death between 14 and 111 in high risk genetic/biomarker groups). This study confirms the critical role of the IFN pathway in defense against COVID-19 and viral infections, and supports the idea that some common SLE risk alleles exert protective effects in anti-viral immunity.
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-02
    Publisher Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
    Document type Article ; Online
    DOI 10.1101/2021.11.01.21265766
    Database COVID19

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  9. Article ; Online: Interferon Chemokine Score and Other Cytokine Measures Track With Changes in Disease Activity in Patients With Juvenile and Adult Dermatomyositis.

    Crowson, Cynthia S / Hein, Molly S / Pendegraft, Richard S / Strausbauch, Michael A / Niewold, Timothy B / Ernste, Floranne C / Dvergsten, Jeffrey / Amin, Shreyasee / Wampler Muskardin, Theresa L / Peterson, Erik / Baechler, Emily C / Reed, Ann M

    ACR open rheumatology

    2019  Volume 1, Issue 2, Page(s) 83–89

    Abstract: Objective: Our aim was to identify cytokines and chemokines in patients with adult dermatomyositis (DM) and juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) that predict changes in disease activity.: Methods: Multiplexed immunoassays (Meso Scale Discovery) enabled ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Our aim was to identify cytokines and chemokines in patients with adult dermatomyositis (DM) and juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) that predict changes in disease activity.
    Methods: Multiplexed immunoassays (Meso Scale Discovery) enabled simultaneous measurement of interferon (IFN)-regulated chemokines and other pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines specific to differentiation of specific T-cell and innate pathways. Cytokine scores were computed for IFNCK (IP-10, MCP-1), Th1 (IFNɣ, TNFα, and IL2), Th2 (IL4, IL10, IL12, and IL 13), Th17 (IL6, IL17, IL1β), macrophage (MIP-1α, MIP-1β, IL8), and regulatory (IL10, TNFα) factors. Spearman correlation and mixed models were used to examine whether cytokines at a previous visit predict change in disease activity at the next visit.
    Results: The study included 36 patients (16 DM and 20 JDM) with at least two visits (87 patient intervals between two visits). Mean age (SD) at inclusion was 56.9 (18.4) years for DM and 10.8 (6.6) years in JDM, 67% of patients were female, 89% Caucasian. The mean (SD) physician global, muscle and extra-muscular disease activity Visual Analog Scale scores at inclusion were 41 (26), 36 (30), and 34 (21) mm, respectively. The change in IFN score from one visit to the next was associated with the change in physician global (
    Conclusion: There is a potential relationship between IFNCK and other cytokine scores seen in adult and juvenile DM with future disease states.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-04-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2578-5745
    ISSN (online) 2578-5745
    DOI 10.1002/acr2.1011
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Distinct Single Cell Gene Expression in Peripheral Blood Monocytes Correlates With Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor Treatment Response Groups Defined by Type I Interferon in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

    Wampler Muskardin, Theresa L / Fan, Wei / Jin, Zhongbo / Jensen, Mark A / Dorschner, Jessica M / Ghodke-Puranik, Yogita / Dicke, Betty / Vsetecka, Danielle / Wright, Kerry / Mason, Thomas / Persellin, Scott / Michet, Clement J / Davis, John M / Matteson, Eric / Niewold, Timothy B

    Frontiers in immunology

    2020  Volume 11, Page(s) 1384

    Abstract: Previously, we demonstrated in test and validation cohorts that type I IFN (T1IFN) activity can predict non-response to tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study, we examine the biology of non-classical and ... ...

    Abstract Previously, we demonstrated in test and validation cohorts that type I IFN (T1IFN) activity can predict non-response to tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study, we examine the biology of non-classical and classical monocytes from RA patients defined by their pre-biologic treatment T1IFN activity. We compared single cell gene expression in purified classical (CL,
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Antirheumatic Agents/therapeutic use ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/blood ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Interferon Type I/blood ; Interferon Type I/immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Monocytes/immunology ; Monocytes/metabolism ; Single-Cell Analysis ; Transcriptome ; Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors/therapeutic use
    Chemical Substances Antirheumatic Agents ; Interferon Type I ; Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-16
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2606827-8
    ISSN 1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
    ISSN (online) 1664-3224
    ISSN 1664-3224
    DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01384
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