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  1. Article ; Online: Size-Controlled Intercalation-to-Conversion Transition in Lithiation of Transition-Metal Chalcogenides-NbSe3.

    Luo, Langli / Zhao, Benliang / Xiang, Bin / Wang, Chong-Min

    ACS nano

    2016  Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 1249–1255

    Abstract: Transition-metal chalcogenides (TMCs) can be used either as intercalation cathodes or as conversion-type anodes for lithium ion batteries, for which two distinctively different lithiation reaction mechanisms govern the electrochemical performance of TMCs. ...

    Abstract Transition-metal chalcogenides (TMCs) can be used either as intercalation cathodes or as conversion-type anodes for lithium ion batteries, for which two distinctively different lithiation reaction mechanisms govern the electrochemical performance of TMCs. However, the factors that control the transition of lithiation mechanisms remain elusive. In this work, we investigated the lithiation process of NbSe3 ribbons using in situ transmission electron microscopy and observed a size-dependent transition from intercalation to the conversion reaction. Large NbSe3 ribbons can accommodate high concentrations of Li(+) through intercalation by relaxing their internal spacing, while lithiation of small NbSe3 ribbons proceeds readily to full conversion. We found that the size-dependent variation of the lithiation mechanism is associated with both Li(+) diffusion in NbSe3 and the accommodation of newly formed phases. For large NbSe3 ribbons, the intercalation-to-conversion transition is impeded by both long-range Li(+) diffusion and large-scale accommodation of volume expansion induced by the formation of new phases. These results demonstrate the inherent structural instability of NbSe3 as an intercalation cathode and its high lithiation rate as a promising conversion-type anode.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-01-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ISSN 1936-086X
    ISSN (online) 1936-086X
    DOI 10.1021/acsnano.5b06614
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Intragranular cracking as a critical barrier for high-voltage usage of layer-structured cathode for lithium-ion batteries.

    Yan, Pengfei / Zheng, Jianming / Gu, Meng / Xiao, Jie / Zhang, Ji-Guang / Wang, Chong-Min

    Nature communications

    2017  Volume 8, Page(s) 14101

    Abstract: ... ...

    Abstract LiNi
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-01-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/ncomms14101
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Size Dependent Pore Formation in Germanium Nanowires Undergoing Reversible Delithiation Observed by In Situ TEM

    Lu, Xiaotang / He Yang / Mao Scott X / Wang Chong-min / Korgel Brian A

    The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 2016 Dec. 22, v. 120, no. 50

    2016  

    Abstract: Germanium (Ge) nanowires coated with an amorphous silicon (Si) shell undergoing lithiation and delithiation were studied using in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Delithiation creates pores in nanowires with diameters larger than ∼25 nm, but ... ...

    Abstract Germanium (Ge) nanowires coated with an amorphous silicon (Si) shell undergoing lithiation and delithiation were studied using in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Delithiation creates pores in nanowires with diameters larger than ∼25 nm, but not in smaller diameter nanowires. The formation of pores in Ge nanowires undergoing delithiation has been observed before in in situ TEM experiments, but there has been no indication that a critical diameter exists below which pores do not form. Pore formation occurs as a result of fast lithium diffusion compared to vacancy migration. We propose that a short diffusion path for vacancies to the nanowire surface plays a role in limiting pore formation even when lithium diffusion is fast.
    Keywords germanium ; lithium ; nanowires ; physical chemistry ; silicon ; transmission electron microscopy
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2016-1222
    Size p. 28825-28831.
    Publishing place American Chemical Society
    Document type Article
    ISSN 1932-7455
    DOI 10.1021%2Facs.jpcc.6b10174
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  4. Article ; Online: Direct in Situ TEM Observation of Modification of Oxidation by the Injected Vacancies for Ni-4Al Alloy Using a Microfabricated Nanopost.

    Wang, Chong-Min / Schreiber, Daniel K / Olszta, Matthew J / Baer, Donald R / Bruemmer, Stephen M

    ACS applied materials & interfaces

    2015  Volume 7, Issue 31, Page(s) 17272–17277

    Abstract: Vacancy injection and selective oxidation of one species in bimetallic alloy at high temperature is a well-known phenomenon. However, detailed understanding of the behavior of the injected vacancies and consequently their effect on oxidation remains ... ...

    Abstract Vacancy injection and selective oxidation of one species in bimetallic alloy at high temperature is a well-known phenomenon. However, detailed understanding of the behavior of the injected vacancies and consequently their effect on oxidation remains elusive. The current research examines the oxidation of high-purity Ni doped with 4.1 at. % Al using in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Experiments are performed on nanoposts fabricated from solution-annealed bulk material that are essentially single crystal samples. Initial oxidation is observed to occur by multisite oxide nucleation, formation of an oxide shell followed by cavity nucleation and growth at the metal/oxide interface. One of the most interesting in situ TEM observations is the formation of a cavity that leads to the faceting of the metal and subsequent oxidation occurring by an atomic ledge migration mechanism on the faceted metal surface. Further, it is directly observed that metal atoms diffuse through the oxide layer to combine with oxygen at the outer surface of the oxide. The present work indicates that injection of vacancies and formation of cavity will lead to a situation where the oxidation rate is essentially controlled by the low surface energy plane of the metal, rather than by the initial terminating plane at the metal surface exposed to the oxidizing environment.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-08-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ISSN 1944-8252
    ISSN (online) 1944-8252
    DOI 10.1021/acsami.5b04341
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Complete Decomposition of Li

    Song, Shidong / Xu, Wu / Zheng, Jianming / Luo, Langli / Engelhard, Mark H / Bowden, Mark E / Liu, Bin / Wang, Chong-Min / Zhang, Ji-Guang

    Nano letters

    2017  Volume 17, Issue 3, Page(s) 1417–1424

    Abstract: Instability of carbon-based oxygen electrodes and incomplete decomposition of ... ...

    Abstract Instability of carbon-based oxygen electrodes and incomplete decomposition of Li
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-02-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ISSN 1530-6992
    ISSN (online) 1530-6992
    DOI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04371
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Li

    Li, Qiuyan / Lu, Dongping / Zheng, Jianming / Jiao, Shuhong / Luo, Langli / Wang, Chong-Min / Xu, Kang / Zhang, Ji-Guang / Xu, Wu

    ACS applied materials & interfaces

    2017  Volume 9, Issue 49, Page(s) 42761–42768

    Abstract: Lithium (Li) ion battery has penetrated almost every aspect of human life, from portable electronics, vehicles, to grids, and its operation stability in extreme environments is becoming increasingly important. Among these, subzero temperature presents a ... ...

    Abstract Lithium (Li) ion battery has penetrated almost every aspect of human life, from portable electronics, vehicles, to grids, and its operation stability in extreme environments is becoming increasingly important. Among these, subzero temperature presents a kinetic challenge to the electrochemical reactions required to deliver the stored energy. In this work, we attempted to identify the rate-determining process for Li
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-12-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1944-8252
    ISSN (online) 1944-8252
    DOI 10.1021/acsami.7b13887
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: In-situ TEM visualization of vacancy injection and chemical partition during oxidation of Ni-Cr nanoparticles.

    Wang, Chong-Min / Genc, Arda / Cheng, Huikai / Pullan, Lee / Baer, Donald R / Bruemmer, Stephen M

    Scientific reports

    2014  Volume 4, Page(s) 3683

    Abstract: Oxidation of alloy often involves chemical partition and injection of vacancies. Chemical partition is the consequence of selective oxidation, while injection of vacancies is associated with the differences of diffusivity of cations and anions. It is far ...

    Abstract Oxidation of alloy often involves chemical partition and injection of vacancies. Chemical partition is the consequence of selective oxidation, while injection of vacancies is associated with the differences of diffusivity of cations and anions. It is far from clear as how the injected vacancies behave during oxidation of metal. Using in-situ transmission electron microscopy, we captured unprecedented details on the collective behavior of injected vacancies during oxidation of metal, featuring an initial multi-site oxide nucleation, vacancy supersaturation, nucleation of a single cavity, sinking of vacancies into the cavity and accelerated oxidation of the particle. High sensitive energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy mapping reveals that Cr is preferentially oxidized even at the initial oxidation, leading to a structure that Cr oxide is sandwiched near the inner wall of the hollow particle. The work provides a general guidance on tailoring of nanostructured materials involving multi-ion exchange such as core-shell structured composite nanoparticles.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-01-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/srep03683
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Bending-induced symmetry breaking of lithiation in germanium nanowires.

    Gu, Meng / Yang, Hui / Perea, Daniel E / Zhang, Ji-Guang / Zhang, Sulin / Wang, Chong-Min

    Nano letters

    2014  Volume 14, Issue 8, Page(s) 4622–4627

    Abstract: From signal transduction of living cells to oxidation and corrosion of metals, mechanical stress intimately couples with chemical reactions, regulating these biological and physiochemical processes. The coupled effect is particularly evident in the ... ...

    Abstract From signal transduction of living cells to oxidation and corrosion of metals, mechanical stress intimately couples with chemical reactions, regulating these biological and physiochemical processes. The coupled effect is particularly evident in the electrochemical lithiation/delithiation cycling of high-capacity electrodes, such as silicon (Si), where on the one hand lithiation-generated stress mediates lithiation kinetics and on the other the electrochemical reaction rate regulates stress generation and mechanical failure of the electrodes. Here we report for the first time the evidence on the controlled lithiation in germanium nanowires (GeNWs) through external bending. Contrary to the symmetric core-shell lithiation in free-standing GeNWs, we show bending the GeNWs breaks the lithiation symmetry, speeding up lithaition at the tensile side while slowing down at the compressive side of the GeNWs. The bending-induced symmetry breaking of lithiation in GeNWs is further corroborated by chemomechanical modeling. In the light of the coupled effect between lithiation kinetics and mechanical stress in the electrochemical cycling, our findings shed light on strain/stress engineering of durable high-rate electrodes and energy harvesting through mechanical motion.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-07-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ISSN 1530-6992
    ISSN (online) 1530-6992
    DOI 10.1021/nl501680w
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Li+-Desolvation Dictating Lithium-Ion Battery’s Low-Temperature Performances

    Li, Qiuyan / Lu Dongping / Zheng Jianming / Jiao Shuhong / Luo Langli / Wang Chong-Min / Xu Kang / Zhang Ji-Guang / Xu Wu

    ACS applied materials & interfaces. 2017 Dec. 13, v. 9, no. 49

    2017  

    Abstract: Lithium (Li) ion battery has penetrated almost every aspect of human life, from portable electronics, vehicles, to grids, and its operation stability in extreme environments is becoming increasingly important. Among these, subzero temperature presents a ... ...

    Abstract Lithium (Li) ion battery has penetrated almost every aspect of human life, from portable electronics, vehicles, to grids, and its operation stability in extreme environments is becoming increasingly important. Among these, subzero temperature presents a kinetic challenge to the electrochemical reactions required to deliver the stored energy. In this work, we attempted to identify the rate-determining process for Li⁺ migration under such low temperatures, so that an optimum electrolyte formulation could be designed to maximize the energy output. Substantial increase in the available capacities from graphite∥LiNi₀.₈₀Co₀.₁₅Al₀.₀₅O₂ chemistry down to −40 °C is achieved by reducing the solvent molecule that more tightly binds to Li⁺ and thus constitutes a high desolvation energy barrier. The fundamental understanding is applicable universally to a wide spectrum of electrochemical devices that have to operate in similar environments.
    Keywords electrochemistry ; electrolytes ; electronics ; energy ; equipment performance ; humans ; lithium ; lithium batteries ; materials science ; solvents ; temperature
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2017-1213
    Size p. 42761-42768.
    Publishing place American Chemical Society
    Document type Article
    ISSN 1944-8252
    DOI 10.1021%2Facsami.7b13887
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  10. Article: Wide-Temperature Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

    Li, Qiuyan / Cartmell Samuel S / Ding Michael S / Jiao Shuhong / Luo Langli / Wang Chong-Min / Xu Kang / Xu Wu / Zhang Ji-Guang / Zheng Jianming

    ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. 2017 June 07, v. 9, no. 22

    2017  

    Abstract: Formulating electrolytes with solvents of low freezing points and high dielectric constants is a direct approach to extend the service-temperature range of lithium (Li)-ion batteries (LIBs). In this study, we report such wide-temperature electrolyte ... ...

    Abstract Formulating electrolytes with solvents of low freezing points and high dielectric constants is a direct approach to extend the service-temperature range of lithium (Li)-ion batteries (LIBs). In this study, we report such wide-temperature electrolyte formulations by optimizing the ethylene carbonate (EC) content in the ternary solvent system of EC, propylene carbonate (PC), and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) with LiPF₆ salt and CsPF₆ additive. An extended service-temperature range from −40 to 60 °C was obtained in LIBs with lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (LiNi₀.₈₀Co₀.₁₅Al₀.₀₅O₂, NCA) as cathode and graphite as anode. The discharge capacities at low temperatures and the cycle life at room temperature and elevated temperatures were systematically investigated together with the ionic conductivity and phase-transition behaviors. The most promising electrolyte formulation was identified as 1.0 M LiPF₆ in EC–PC–EMC (1:1:8 by wt) with 0.05 M CsPF₆, which was demonstrated in both coin cells of graphite∥NCA and 1 Ah pouch cells of graphite∥LiNi₁/₃Mn₁/₃Co₁/₃O₂. This optimized electrolyte enables excellent wide-temperature performances, as evidenced by the high capacity retention (68%) at −40 °C and C/5 rate, significantly higher than that (20%) of the conventional LIB electrolyte, and the nearly identical stable cycle life as the conventional LIB electrolyte at room temperature and elevated temperatures up to 60 °C.
    Keywords aluminum oxide ; ambient temperature ; anodes ; cathodes ; cobalt ; electrolytes ; ethylene ; graphene ; lithium ; lithium batteries ; nickel ; phase transition ; propylene ; solvents
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2017-0607
    Size p. 18826-18835.
    Publishing place American Chemical Society
    Document type Article
    ISSN 1944-8252
    DOI 10.1021%2Facsami.7b04099
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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