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Article ; Online: Pushing the frontiers of military medical excellence: updates, progress and future needs.

Seah, Jun Jie / Wang, De-Yun

2022 Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 27

Abstract: Since its establishment in 2014, Military Medical Research has come a long way in becoming a premier journal for scientific articles from various different specialties, with a special emphasis on topics with military relevance. The field of military ... ...

Abstract	Since its establishment in 2014, Military Medical Research has come a long way in becoming a premier journal for scientific articles from various different specialties, with a special emphasis on topics with military relevance. The field of military medicine may be obscure, and may not be readily encountered by the typical clinician on a day-to-day basis. This journal aims not only to pursue excellence in military research, but also keep current with the latest advancements on general medical topics from each and every specialty. This editorial serves to recap and synthesize the existing progress, updates and future needs of military medical excellence, discussing foremostly the unique traits of literature published in this journal, and subsequently presenting the discourse regarding wartime and peacetime medicine, the role of the military in a public health emergency, as well as wound healing and organ regeneration. Special attention have been devoted to military topics to shed light on the effects of Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Explosive (CBRE) warfare, environmental medicine and military psychiatry, topics which rarely have a chance to be discussed elsewhere. The interconnectedness between military combat and soldier physical and mental well-being is intricate, and has been distorted by pandemics such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This journal has come a long way since its first article was published, steadily contributing to the existing knowledge pool on general medical topics with a military slant. Only with continuous research and sharing, can we build upon the work of the scientific community, with hopes for the betterment of patient care.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Humans ; Military Medicine ; Military Personnel ; Pandemics ; Publications
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	2768940-2
ISSN	2054-9369 ; 2054-9369
ISSN (online)	2054-9369
ISSN	2054-9369
DOI	10.1186/s40779-022-00388-x
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Mepolizumab in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis.

Liu, Xuandao / Charn, Tze Choong / Wang, De-Yun

Immunotherapy

2023 Volume 15, Issue 14, Page(s) 1105–1116

Abstract: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) is a heterogeneous upper airway disease that is prevalent globally. Recent research into the molecular basis of the disease has led to the development of biologics as a new therapeutic option for ... ...

Abstract	Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) is a heterogeneous upper airway disease that is prevalent globally. Recent research into the molecular basis of the disease has led to the development of biologics as a new therapeutic option for severe and recalcitrant forms of CRSwNP. Mepolizumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting IL-5, one of the signature cytokines of the type 2 immune response and which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP. Here we present the latest evidence behind mepolizumab, examining disease pathophysiology and pharmacology, as well as data from clinical trials, real-life studies and meta-analyses. As we welcome this promising step forward into precision medicine, we discuss practical issues and future perspectives on mepolizumab and biologics for CRSwNP.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Rhinitis/drug therapy ; Sinusitis/drug therapy ; Chronic Disease ; Nasal Polyps/drug therapy ; Biological Products/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	mepolizumab (90Z2UF0E52) ; Biological Products
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2495964-9
ISSN	1750-7448 ; 1750-743X
ISSN (online)	1750-7448
ISSN	1750-743X
DOI	10.2217/imt-2023-0026
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Article: The Diagnostic and Prognostic Role of Biomarkers in Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

Seah, Jun Jie / Thong, Mark / Wang, De Yun

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 13, Issue 4

Abstract: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) refers to an inflammatory disease of the sinonasal mucosa, with a significant economic burden and impact on quality of life. The diagnosis of CRS is conventionally made on careful history and physical examination, including ... ...

Abstract	Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) refers to an inflammatory disease of the sinonasal mucosa, with a significant economic burden and impact on quality of life. The diagnosis of CRS is conventionally made on careful history and physical examination, including nasoendoscopic assessment which requires technical expertise. There has been increasing interest in using biomarkers in the non-invasive diagnosis and prognostication of CRS, tailored to the disease inflammatory endotype. Potential biomarkers currently being studied can be isolated from peripheral blood, exhaled nasal gases or nasal secretions, as well as sinonasal tissue. In particular, various biomarkers have revolutionized the way in which CRS is managed, revealing new inflammatory pathways where novel therapeutic drugs are employed to curb the inflammatory process, which may be different from one patient to the next. Biomarkers that have been extensively studied in CRS, such as eosinophil count, IgE, and IL-5, have been associated with a T
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2662336-5
ISSN	2075-4418
ISSN	2075-4418
DOI	10.3390/diagnostics13040715
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Article ; Online: COVID-19 Anosmia: High Prevalence, Plural Neuropathogenic Mechanisms, and Scarce Neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2?

Liang, Fengyi / Wang, De Yun

Viruses

2021 Volume 13, Issue 11

Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative pathogen of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It is known as a respiratory virus, but SARS-CoV-2 appears equally, or even more, infectious for the olfactory epithelium (OE) ... ...

Abstract	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative pathogen of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It is known as a respiratory virus, but SARS-CoV-2 appears equally, or even more, infectious for the olfactory epithelium (OE) than for the respiratory epithelium in the nasal cavity. In light of the small area of the OE relative to the respiratory epithelium, the high prevalence of olfactory dysfunctions (ODs) in COVID-19 has been bewildering and has attracted much attention. This review aims to first examine the cytological and molecular biological characteristics of the OE, especially the microvillous apical surfaces of sustentacular cells and the abundant SARS-CoV-2 receptor molecules thereof, that may underlie the high susceptibility of this neuroepithelium to SARS-CoV-2 infection and damages. The possibility of SARS-CoV-2 neurotropism, or the lack of it, is then analyzed with regard to the expression of the receptor (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) or priming protease (transmembrane serine protease 2), and cellular targets of infection. Neuropathology of COVID-19 in the OE, olfactory bulb, and other related neural structures are also reviewed. Toward the end, we present our perspectives regarding possible mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 neuropathogenesis and ODs, in the absence of substantial viral infection of neurons. Plausible causes for persistent ODs in some COVID-19 convalescents are also examined.
MeSH term(s)	Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism ; Anosmia/epidemiology ; Anosmia/etiology ; Anosmia/physiopathology ; COVID-19/complications ; COVID-19/pathology ; COVID-19/virology ; Humans ; Olfactory Bulb/pathology ; Olfactory Bulb/virology ; Olfactory Mucosa/metabolism ; Olfactory Mucosa/ultrastructure ; Olfactory Mucosa/virology ; Prevalence ; Receptors, Coronavirus/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; Viral Tropism
Chemical Substances	Receptors, Coronavirus ; ACE2 protein, human (EC 3.4.17.23) ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (EC 3.4.17.23)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
ISSN (online)	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v13112225
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Article: COVID-19 Anosmia: High Prevalence, Plural Neuropathogenic Mechanisms, and Scarce Neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2?

Liang, Fengyi / Wang, De Yun

Viruses. 2021 Nov. 04, v. 13, no. 11

2021

Abstract	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative pathogen of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It is known as a respiratory virus, but SARS-CoV-2 appears equally, or even more, infectious for the olfactory epithelium (OE) than for the respiratory epithelium in the nasal cavity. In light of the small area of the OE relative to the respiratory epithelium, the high prevalence of olfactory dysfunctions (ODs) in COVID-19 has been bewildering and has attracted much attention. This review aims to first examine the cytological and molecular biological characteristics of the OE, especially the microvillous apical surfaces of sustentacular cells and the abundant SARS-CoV-2 receptor molecules thereof, that may underlie the high susceptibility of this neuroepithelium to SARS-CoV-2 infection and damages. The possibility of SARS-CoV-2 neurotropism, or the lack of it, is then analyzed with regard to the expression of the receptor (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) or priming protease (transmembrane serine protease 2), and cellular targets of infection. Neuropathology of COVID-19 in the OE, olfactory bulb, and other related neural structures are also reviewed. Toward the end, we present our perspectives regarding possible mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 neuropathogenesis and ODs, in the absence of substantial viral infection of neurons. Plausible causes for persistent ODs in some COVID-19 convalescents are also examined.
Keywords	COVID-19 infection ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; nasal cavity ; neuropathology ; olfactory bulb ; pathogens ; peptidyl-dipeptidase A ; respiratory mucosa ; serine proteinases ; viruses
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-1104
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v13112225
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Review on the Advancements of Stethoscope Types in Chest Auscultation.

Seah, Jun Jie / Zhao, Jiale / Wang, De Yun / Lee, Heow Pueh

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 13, Issue 9

Abstract: Stethoscopes were originally designed for the auscultation of a patient's chest for the purpose of listening to lung and heart sounds. These aid medical professionals in their evaluation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as in other ... ...

Abstract	Stethoscopes were originally designed for the auscultation of a patient's chest for the purpose of listening to lung and heart sounds. These aid medical professionals in their evaluation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as in other applications, such as listening to bowel sounds in the gastrointestinal system or assessing for vascular bruits. Listening to internal sounds during chest auscultation aids healthcare professionals in their diagnosis of a patient's illness. We performed an extensive literature review on the currently available stethoscopes specifically for use in chest auscultation. By understanding the specificities of the different stethoscopes available, healthcare professionals can capitalize on their beneficial features, to serve both clinical and educational purposes. Additionally, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has also highlighted the unique application of digital stethoscopes for telemedicine. Thus, the advantages and limitations of digital stethoscopes are reviewed. Lastly, to determine the best available stethoscopes in the healthcare industry, this literature review explored various benchmarking methods that can be used to identify areas of improvement for existing stethoscopes, as well as to serve as a standard for the general comparison of stethoscope quality. The potential use of digital stethoscopes for telemedicine amidst ongoing technological advancements in wearable sensors and modern communication facilities such as 5G are also discussed. Based on the ongoing trend in advancements in wearable technology, telemedicine, and smart hospitals, understanding the benefits and limitations of the digital stethoscope is an essential consideration for potential equipment deployment, especially during the height of the current COVID-19 pandemic and, more importantly, for future healthcare crises when human and resource mobility is restricted.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2662336-5
ISSN	2075-4418
ISSN	2075-4418
DOI	10.3390/diagnostics13091545
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Article ; Online: Type 2 Biomarkers for the Indication and Response to Biologics in CRSwNP.

Guo, Cui-Lian / Liu, Fei-Fan / Wang, De-Yun / Liu, Zheng

Current allergy and asthma reports

2023 Volume 23, Issue 12, Page(s) 703–713

Abstract: Purpose of review: Three biologics targeting type 2 inflammation have been approved for the treatment of severe and uncontrolled chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Nevertheless, around 40-60% of patients do not respond well to these ... ...

Abstract	Purpose of review: Three biologics targeting type 2 inflammation have been approved for the treatment of severe and uncontrolled chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Nevertheless, around 40-60% of patients do not respond well to these biological treatments. Selecting appropriate patients is crucial to improve treatment outcome of biologics. This review summarizes the literature data on type 2 biomarkers, with a specific focus on the indication to biologics for severe CRSwNP. Recent findings: No consensus has been reached on how to define mucosal type 2 inflammation in CRSwNP. Clinical markers (e.g., 22-item Sino-nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) score, Lund-Mackay CT score (LMS), ethmoid/maxillary sinus CT score, and CT-radiomics), nasal secretion biomarkers (e.g., eosinophil cationic protein and interleukin-5), blood and nasal cytology eosinophil counts, and nasal swab eosinophil peroxidase activity have been reported to be associated with type 2 inflammation in CRSwNP. The time duration since the last surgery, SNOT-22 score at 1 week of treatment, and baseline serum osteoprotegerin levels might indicate the response to dupilumab. LMS and asthma control test scores were found to have moderate predictive value for acceptable improvement after 24-week treatment of omalizumab. High blood eosinophil levels at baseline were associated with treatment response to mepolizumab and benralizumab. Although several clinical and biological markers might be associated with type 2 inflammation and response to biologics in patients with CRSwNP, their validity requires further investigation. Identifying clinically applicable biomarkers for biologic treatment holds significant promise for advancing personalized approaches to biologics and optimizing treatment outcomes for patients with CRSwNP.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Rhinitis/diagnosis ; Rhinitis/drug therapy ; Rhinitis/complications ; Inflammation ; Sinusitis/diagnosis ; Sinusitis/drug therapy ; Sinusitis/complications ; Biomarkers ; Nasal Polyps/drug therapy ; Nasal Polyps/complications ; Biological Products/therapeutic use ; Chronic Disease
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; Biological Products
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2057370-4
ISSN	1534-6315 ; 1529-7322
ISSN (online)	1534-6315
ISSN	1529-7322
DOI	10.1007/s11882-023-01114-w
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Article ; Online: Understanding COVID-19-Related Olfactory Dysfunction.

Chee, Jeremy / Wang, De Yun

JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery

2020 Volume 147, Issue 1, Page(s) 109

MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Humans ; Olfaction Disorders/etiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Smell ; Taste
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2701825-8
ISSN	2168-619X ; 2168-6181
ISSN (online)	2168-619X
ISSN	2168-6181
DOI	10.1001/jamaoto.2020.4269
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Article ; Online: Vaping and Respiratory Viruses: The End for ENDS?

Tan, Kai Sen / Wang, De Yun

American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology

2020 Volume 64, Issue 1, Page(s) 16–18

MeSH term(s)	Electronics ; Immunity, Mucosal ; Orthomyxoviridae ; Tobacco Products ; Vaping/adverse effects ; Viruses
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial ; Comment
ZDB-ID	1025960-0
ISSN	1535-4989 ; 1044-1549
ISSN (online)	1535-4989
ISSN	1044-1549
DOI	10.1165/rcmb.2020-0501ED
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Article ; Online: Prolonged Primary Rhinovirus Infection of Human Nasal Epithelial Cells Diminishes the Viral Load of Secondary Influenza H3N2 Infection via the Antiviral State Mediated by RIG-I and Interferon-Stimulated Genes.

Ong, Hsiao Hui / Liu, Jing / Oo, Yukei / Thong, Mark / Wang, De Yun / Chow, Vincent T

Cells

2023 Volume 12, Issue 8

Abstract: Our previous study revealed that prolonged human rhinovirus (HRV) infection rapidly induces antiviral interferons (IFNs) and chemokines during the acute stage of infection. It also showed that expression levels of RIG-I and interferon-stimulated genes ( ... ...

Abstract	Our previous study revealed that prolonged human rhinovirus (HRV) infection rapidly induces antiviral interferons (IFNs) and chemokines during the acute stage of infection. It also showed that expression levels of RIG-I and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) were sustained in tandem with the persistent expression of HRV RNA and HRV proteins at the late stage of the 14-day infection period. Some studies have explored the protective effects of initial acute HRV infection on secondary influenza A virus (IAV) infection. However, the susceptibility of human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) to re-infection by the same HRV serotype, and to secondary IAV infection following prolonged primary HRV infection, has not been studied in detail. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of HRV persistence on the susceptibility of hNECs against HRV re-infection and secondary IAV infection. We analyzed the viral replication and innate immune responses of hNECs infected with the same HRV serotype A16 and IAV H3N2 at 14 days after initial HRV-A16 infection. Prolonged primary HRV infection significantly diminished the IAV load of secondary H3N2 infection, but not the HRV load of HRV-A16 re-infection. The reduced IAV load of secondary H3N2 infection may be explained by increased baseline expression levels of RIG-I and ISGs, specifically MX1 and IFITM1, which are induced by prolonged primary HRV infection. As is congruent with this finding, in those cells that received early and multi-dose pre-treatment with Rupintrivir (HRV 3C protease inhibitor) prior to secondary IAV infection, the reduction in IAV load was abolished compared to the group without pre-treatment with Rupintrivir. In conclusion, the antiviral state induced from prolonged primary HRV infection mediated by RIG-I and ISGs (including MX1 and IFITM1) can confer a protective innate immune defense mechanism against secondary influenza infection.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Interferons/pharmacology ; Interferons/genetics ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype ; Rhinovirus ; Influenza, Human ; Antiviral Agents ; Viral Load ; Reinfection ; Epithelial Cells/metabolism ; Influenza A virus/genetics
Chemical Substances	Interferons (9008-11-1) ; Antiviral Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-13
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2661518-6
ISSN	2073-4409 ; 2073-4409
ISSN (online)	2073-4409
ISSN	2073-4409
DOI	10.3390/cells12081152
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