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  1. Article ; Online: Can we manipulate brain connectivity? A systematic review of cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation effects.

    Hernandez-Pavon, Julio C / San Agustín, Arantzazu / Wang, Max C / Veniero, Domenica / Pons, Jose L

    Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology

    2023  Volume 154, Page(s) 169–193

    Abstract: Objective: Cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation (ccPAS) is a form of dual-site transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) entailing a series of single-TMS pulses paired at specific interstimulus intervals (ISI) delivered to distant cortical ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation (ccPAS) is a form of dual-site transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) entailing a series of single-TMS pulses paired at specific interstimulus intervals (ISI) delivered to distant cortical areas. The goal of this article is to systematically review its efficacy in inducing plasticity in humans focusing on stimulation parameters and hypotheses of underlying neurophysiology.
    Methods: A systematic review of the literature from 2009-2023 was undertaken to identify all articles utilizing ccPAS to study brain plasticity and connectivity. Six electronic databases were searched and included.
    Results: 32 studies were identified. The studies targeted connections within the same hemisphere or between hemispheres. 28 ccPAS studies were in healthy participants, 1 study in schizophrenia, and 1 in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. 2 additional studies used cortico-cortical repetitive paired associative stimulation (cc-rPAS) in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) patients. Outcome measures include electromyography (EMG), behavioral measures, electroencephalography (EEG), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). ccPAS seems to be able to modulate brain connectivity depending on the ISI.
    Conclusions: ccPAS can be used to modulate corticospinal excitability, brain activity, and behavior. Although the stimulation parameters used across studies reviewed in this paper are varied, ccPAS is a promising approach for basic research and potential clinical applications.
    Significance: Recent advances in neuroscience have caused a shift of interest from the study of single areas to a more complex approach focusing on networks of areas that orchestrate brain activity. Consequently, the TMS community is also witnessing a change, with a growing interest in targeting multiple brain areas rather than a single locus, as evidenced by an increasing number of papers using ccPAS. In light of this new enthusiasm for brain connectivity, this review summarizes existing literature and stimulation parameters that have proven effective in changing electrophysiological, behavioral, or neuroimaging-derived measures.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Motor Cortex ; Evoked Potentials, Motor/physiology ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/methods ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Neuronal Plasticity/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-07
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1463630-x
    ISSN 1872-8952 ; 0921-884X ; 1388-2457
    ISSN (online) 1872-8952
    ISSN 0921-884X ; 1388-2457
    DOI 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.06.016
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Effects of variability in manually contoured spinal cord masks on fMRI co-registration and interpretation.

    Hoggarth, Mark A / Wang, Max C / Hemmerling, Kimberly J / Vigotsky, Andrew D / Smith, Zachary A / Parrish, Todd B / Weber, Kenneth A / Bright, Molly G

    Frontiers in neurology

    2022  Volume 13, Page(s) 907581

    Abstract: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the human spinal cord (SC) is a unique non-invasive method for characterizing neurovascular responses to stimuli. Group-analysis of SC fMRI data involves co-registration of subject-level data to standard ... ...

    Abstract Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the human spinal cord (SC) is a unique non-invasive method for characterizing neurovascular responses to stimuli. Group-analysis of SC fMRI data involves co-registration of subject-level data to standard space, which requires manual masking of the cord and may result in bias of group-level SC fMRI results. To test this, we examined variability in SC masks drawn in fMRI data from 21 healthy participants from a completed study mapping responses to sensory stimuli of the C7 dermatome. Masks were drawn on temporal mean functional image by eight raters with varying levels of neuroimaging experience, and the rater from the original study acted as a reference. Spatial agreement between rater and reference masks was measured using the Dice Similarity Coefficient, and the influence of rater and dataset was examined using ANOVA. Each rater's masks were used to register functional data to the PAM50 template. Gray matter-white matter signal contrast of registered functional data was used to evaluate the spatial normalization accuracy across raters. Subject- and group-level analyses of activation during left- and right-sided sensory stimuli were performed for each rater's co-registered data. Agreement with the reference SC mask was associated with both rater (F
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-20
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2564214-5
    ISSN 1664-2295
    ISSN 1664-2295
    DOI 10.3389/fneur.2022.907581
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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