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  1. Book ; Online: A process-based model for quantifying the effects of canal blocking on water table and CO2 emissions in tropical peatlands

    Urzainki, Iñaki / Palviainen, Marjo / Hökkä, Hannu / Persch, Sebastian / Chatellier, Jeffrey / Wang, Ophelia / Mahardhitama, Prasetya / Yudhista, Rizaldy / Laurén, Annamari

    eISSN: 1726-4189

    2023  

    Abstract: Drainage in tropical peatlands increases CO 2 emissions, the rate of subsidence, and the risk of forest fires. To a certain extent, these effects can be mitigated by raising the water table depth (WTD) using canal or ditch blocks. The performance of ... ...

    Abstract Drainage in tropical peatlands increases CO 2 emissions, the rate of subsidence, and the risk of forest fires. To a certain extent, these effects can be mitigated by raising the water table depth (WTD) using canal or ditch blocks. The performance of canal blocks in raising WTD is, however, poorly understood because the WTD monitoring data are limited and spatially concentrated around canals and canal blocks. This raises the following question: how effective are canal blocks in raising the WTD over large areas? In this work, we composed a process-based hydrological model to assess the peatland restoration performance of 168 canal blocks in a 22 000 ha peatland area in Sumatra, Indonesia. We simulated daily WTD over 1 year using an existing canal block setup and compared it to the situation without blocks. The study was performed across two contrasting weather scenarios representing dry (1997) and wet (2013) years. Our simulations revealed that, while canal blocks had a net positive impact on WTD rise, they lowered WTD in some areas, and the extent of their effect over 1 year was limited to a distance of about 600 m around the canals. We also show that canal blocks are most effective in peatlands with high hydraulic conductivity. Averaging over all modeled scenarios, blocks raised the annual mean WTD by only 1.5 cm . This value was similar in the dry (1.44 cm ) and wet (1.57 cm ) years, and there was a 2.13 fold difference between the scenarios with large and small hydraulic conductivities (2.05 cm versus 0.96 cm ). Using a linear relationship between WTD and CO 2 emissions, we estimated that, averaging over peat hydraulic properties, canal blocks prevented the emission of 1.07 Mg ha −1 CO 2 in the dry year and 1.17 Mg ha −1 CO 2 in the wet year. We believe that the modeling tools developed in this work could be adopted by local stakeholders aiming at a more effective and evidence-based approach to canal-block-based peatland restoration.
    Subject code 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-13
    Publishing country de
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Book ; Online: A process-based model for quantifying the effects of canal blocking on water table and CO2 emissions in restored tropical peatlands

    Urzainki, Iñaki / Palviainen, Marjo / Hökkä, Hannu / Persch, Sebastian / Chatellier, Jeffrey / Wang, Ophelia / Mahardhitama, Prasetya / Yudhista, Rizaldy / Laurén, Annamari

    eISSN: 1726-4189

    2022  

    Abstract: Drainage in tropical peatlands increases CO 2 emissions, the rate of subsidence, and the risk of forest fires, among other negative environmental impacts. These effects can be mitigated by raising the water table depth (WTD) using canal or ditch blocks. ... ...

    Abstract Drainage in tropical peatlands increases CO 2 emissions, the rate of subsidence, and the risk of forest fires, among other negative environmental impacts. These effects can be mitigated by raising the water table depth (WTD) using canal or ditch blocks. The performance of canal blocks in raising WTD is, however, poorly understood, because the WTD monitoring data is limited and spatially concentrated around canals and canal blocks. This raises the following question: how effective are canal blocks in raising the WTD over large areas? In this work we composed a process-based hydrological model to assess the rewetting performance of 168 canal blocks in a 22000 ha peatland area in Sumatra, Indonesia. We simulated daily WTD over one year using an existing canal block setup and compared it to the situation without blocks. The study was performed across two El-Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) scenarios, and four different peat hydraulic properties. Our simulations revealed that while canal blocks had a net positive impact on WTD rise, they lowered WTD in some areas, and the extent of their effect over one year was limited to a distance of about 600 m around the canals. We also show that canal blocks are most effective during dry periods and in peatlands with high hydraulic conductivity. Averaging over all modelled scenarios, blocks raised the annual mean WTD by only 0.9 cm. This value was 2.78 times larger in the dry year than in the wet year (1.39cm versus 0.50 cm), and there was a 2.76 fold difference between the scenarios with the maximum and minimum hydraulic conductivity (1.50 cm versus 0.54 cm). Using a linear relationship between WTD and CO 2 emissions, we estimated that, averaging over peat hydraulic properties, canal blocks prevented the emission of 1.03 Mg ha -1 CO 2 in the dry year and 0.37 Mg ha -1 CO 2 in the wet year.
    Subject code 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-08
    Publishing country de
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: An iterative and targeted sampling design informed by habitat suitability models for detecting focal plant species over extensive areas.

    Wang, Ophelia / Zachmann, Luke J / Sesnie, Steven E / Olsson, Aaryn D / Dickson, Brett G

    PloS one

    2014  Volume 9, Issue 7, Page(s) e101196

    Abstract: Prioritizing areas for management of non-native invasive plants is critical, as invasive plants can negatively impact plant community structure. Extensive and multi-jurisdictional inventories are essential to prioritize actions aimed at mitigating the ... ...

    Abstract Prioritizing areas for management of non-native invasive plants is critical, as invasive plants can negatively impact plant community structure. Extensive and multi-jurisdictional inventories are essential to prioritize actions aimed at mitigating the impact of invasions and changes in disturbance regimes. However, previous work devoted little effort to devising sampling methods sufficient to assess the scope of multi-jurisdictional invasion over extensive areas. Here we describe a large-scale sampling design that used species occurrence data, habitat suitability models, and iterative and targeted sampling efforts to sample five species and satisfy two key management objectives: 1) detecting non-native invasive plants across previously unsampled gradients, and 2) characterizing the distribution of non-native invasive plants at landscape to regional scales. Habitat suitability models of five species were based on occurrence records and predictor variables derived from topography, precipitation, and remotely sensed data. We stratified and established field sampling locations according to predicted habitat suitability and phenological, substrate, and logistical constraints. Across previously unvisited areas, we detected at least one of our focal species on 77% of plots. In turn, we used detections from 2011 to improve habitat suitability models and sampling efforts in 2012, as well as additional spatial constraints to increase detections. These modifications resulted in a 96% detection rate at plots. The range of habitat suitability values that identified highly and less suitable habitats and their environmental conditions corresponded to field detections with mixed levels of agreement. Our study demonstrated that an iterative and targeted sampling framework can address sampling bias, reduce time costs, and increase detections. Other studies can extend the sampling framework to develop methods in other ecosystems to provide detection data. The sampling methods implemented here provide a meaningful tool when understanding the potential distribution and habitat of species over multi-jurisdictional and extensive areas is needed for achieving management objectives.
    MeSH term(s) Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; Ecosystem ; Introduced Species ; Models, Theoretical ; Plants
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-07-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ISSN 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0101196
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: A predictive spatial model to quantify the risk of air-travel-associated dengue importation into the United States and europe.

    Gardner, Lauren M / Fajardo, David / Waller, S Travis / Wang, Ophelia / Sarkar, Sahotra

    Journal of tropical medicine

    2012  Volume 2012, Page(s) 103679

    Abstract: The number of travel-acquired dengue infections has been on a constant rise in the United States and Europe over the past decade. An increased volume of international passenger air traffic originating from regions with endemic dengue contributes to the ... ...

    Abstract The number of travel-acquired dengue infections has been on a constant rise in the United States and Europe over the past decade. An increased volume of international passenger air traffic originating from regions with endemic dengue contributes to the increasing number of dengue cases. This paper reports results from a network-based regression model which uses international passenger travel volumes, travel distances, predictive species distribution models (for the vector species), and infection data to quantify the relative risk of importing travel-acquired dengue infections into the US and Europe from dengue-endemic regions. Given the necessary data, this model can be used to identify optimal locations (origin cities, destination airports, etc.) for dengue surveillance. The model can be extended to other geographical regions and vector-borne diseases, as well as other network-based processes.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-03-14
    Publishing country Egypt
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2546526-0
    ISSN 1687-9694 ; 1687-9694
    ISSN (online) 1687-9694
    ISSN 1687-9694
    DOI 10.1155/2012/103679
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Conservation. Drug policy as conservation policy: narco-deforestation.

    McSweeney, Kendra / Nielsen, Erik A / Taylor, Matthew J / Wrathall, David J / Pearson, Zoe / Wang, Ophelia / Plumb, Spencer T

    Science (New York, N.Y.)

    2014  Volume 343, Issue 6170, Page(s) 489–490

    MeSH term(s) Biodiversity ; Central America ; Cocaine ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Drug Trafficking/prevention & control ; Drug and Narcotic Control ; Trees
    Chemical Substances Cocaine (I5Y540LHVR)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-01-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 128410-1
    ISSN 1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
    ISSN (online) 1095-9203
    ISSN 0036-8075
    DOI 10.1126/science.1244082
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Species detection vs. habitat suitability: Are we biasing habitat suitability models with remotely sensed data?

    Bradley, Bethany A / Olsson, Aaryn D / Wang, Ophelia / Dickson, Brett G / Pelech, Lori / Sesnie, Steven E / Zachmann, Luke J

    Ecological modelling. 2012 Oct. 10, v. 244

    2012  

    Abstract: Remotely sensed datasets are increasingly being used to model habitat suitability for a variety of taxa. We review habitat suitability models (HSMs) developed for both plants and animals that include remote sensing predictor variables to determine how ... ...

    Abstract Remotely sensed datasets are increasingly being used to model habitat suitability for a variety of taxa. We review habitat suitability models (HSMs) developed for both plants and animals that include remote sensing predictor variables to determine how these variables could affect model projections. For models focused on plant species habitat, we find several instances of unintentional bias in HSMs of vegetation due to the inclusion of remote sensing variables. Notably, studies that include continuous remote sensing variables could be inadvertently mapping actual species distribution instead of potential habitat due to unique spectral or temporal characteristics of the target species. Additionally, HSMs including categorical classifications are rarely explicit about assumptions of habitat suitability related to land cover, which could lead to unintended exclusion of potential habitat due to current land use. Although we support the broader application of remote sensing in general, we caution developers of HSMs to be aware of introduced model bias. These biases are more likely to arise when remote sensing variables are added to models simply because they improve accuracy, rather than considering how they affect the model results and interpretation. When including land cover classifications as predictors, we recommend that modellers provide more explicit descriptions of how habitat is defined (e.g., is deforested land considered suitable for trees?). Further, we suggest that continuous remote sensing variables should only be included in habitat models if authors can demonstrate that their inclusion characterizes potential habitat rather than actual species distribution. Use of the term ‘habitat suitability model’ rather than ‘species distribution model’ could reduce confusion about modelling goals and improve communication between the remote sensing and ecological modelling communities.
    Keywords animals ; biogeography ; data collection ; habitats ; land cover ; land use ; models ; remote sensing ; trees ; vegetation
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2012-1010
    Size p. 57-64.
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 191971-4
    ISSN 0304-3800
    ISSN 0304-3800
    DOI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.06.019
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article: Scaling issues of neutral theory reveal violations of ecological equivalence for dominant Amazonian tree species

    Pos, Edwin / Guevara, Juan Ernesto / Molino, Jean‐François / Sabatier, Daniel / Bánki, Olaf S / Pitman, Nigel C.A / Mogollón, Hugo F / García‐Villacorta, Roosevelt / Neill, David / Phillips, Oliver L / Cerón, Carlos / Ríos Paredes, Marcos / Núñez Vargas, Percy / Dávila, Nállarett / Fiore, Anthony Di / Rivas‐Torres, Gonzalo / Thomas‐Caesar, Raquel / Vriesendorp, Corine / Young, Kenneth R /
    Tirado, Milton / Wang, Ophelia / Sierra, Rodrigo / Mesones, Italo / Zagt, Roderick / Vasquez, Rodolfo / Ahuite Reategui, Manuel A / Palacios Cuenca, Walter / Valderrama Sandoval, Elvis H / ter Steege, Hans

    Ecology letters. 2019 July, v. 22, no. 7

    2019  

    Abstract: Neutral models are often used as null models, testing the relative importance of niche versus neutral processes in shaping diversity. Most versions, however, focus only on regional scale predictions and neglect local level contributions. Recently, a new ... ...

    Abstract Neutral models are often used as null models, testing the relative importance of niche versus neutral processes in shaping diversity. Most versions, however, focus only on regional scale predictions and neglect local level contributions. Recently, a new formulation of spatial neutral theory was published showing an incompatibility between regional and local scale fits where especially the number of rare species was dramatically under‐predicted. Using a forward in time semi‐spatially explicit neutral model and a unique large‐scale Amazonian tree inventory data set, we show that neutral theory not only underestimates the number of rare species but also fails in predicting the excessive dominance of species on both regional and local levels. We show that although there are clear relationships between species composition, spatial and environmental distances, there is also a clear differentiation between species able to attain dominance with and without restriction to specific habitats. We conclude therefore that the apparent dominance of these species is real, and that their excessive abundance can be attributed to fitness differences in different ways, a clear violation of the ecological equivalence assumption of neutral theory.
    Keywords data collection ; habitats ; models ; prediction ; rare species ; species diversity ; trees
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-07
    Size p. 1072-1082.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note LETTER
    ZDB-ID 1441608-6
    ISSN 1461-0248 ; 1461-023X
    ISSN (online) 1461-0248
    ISSN 1461-023X
    DOI 10.1111/ele.13264
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  8. Article ; Online: Climate change and risk of leishmaniasis in north america: predictions from ecological niche models of vector and reservoir species.

    González, Camila / Wang, Ophelia / Strutz, Stavana E / González-Salazar, Constantino / Sánchez-Cordero, Víctor / Sarkar, Sahotra

    PLoS neglected tropical diseases

    2010  Volume 4, Issue 1, Page(s) e585

    Abstract: Background: Climate change is increasingly being implicated in species' range shifts throughout the world, including those of important vector and reservoir species for infectious diseases. In North America (México, United States, and Canada), ... ...

    Abstract Background: Climate change is increasingly being implicated in species' range shifts throughout the world, including those of important vector and reservoir species for infectious diseases. In North America (México, United States, and Canada), leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease that is autochthonous in México and Texas and has begun to expand its range northward. Further expansion to the north may be facilitated by climate change as more habitat becomes suitable for vector and reservoir species for leishmaniasis.
    Methods and findings: The analysis began with the construction of ecological niche models using a maximum entropy algorithm for the distribution of two sand fly vector species (Lutzomyia anthophora and L. diabolica), three confirmed rodent reservoir species (Neotoma albigula, N. floridana, and N. micropus), and one potential rodent reservoir species (N. mexicana) for leishmaniasis in northern México and the United States. As input, these models used species' occurrence records with topographic and climatic parameters as explanatory variables. Models were tested for their ability to predict correctly both a specified fraction of occurrence points set aside for this purpose and occurrence points from an independently derived data set. These models were refined to obtain predicted species' geographical distributions under increasingly strict assumptions about the ability of a species to disperse to suitable habitat and to persist in it, as modulated by its ecological suitability. Models successful at predictions were fitted to the extreme A2 and relatively conservative B2 projected climate scenarios for 2020, 2050, and 2080 using publicly available interpolated climate data from the Third Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Assessment Report. Further analyses included estimation of the projected human population that could potentially be exposed to leishmaniasis in 2020, 2050, and 2080 under the A2 and B2 scenarios. All confirmed vector and reservoir species will see an expansion of their potential range towards the north. Thus, leishmaniasis has the potential to expand northwards from México and the southern United States. In the eastern United States its spread is predicted to be limited by the range of L. diabolica; further west, L. anthophora may play the same role. In the east it may even reach the southern boundary of Canada. The risk of spread is greater for the A2 scenario than for the B2 scenario. Even in the latter case, with restrictive (contiguous) models for dispersal of vector and reservoir species, and limiting vector and reservoir species occupancy to only the top 10% of their potential suitable habitat, the expected number of human individuals exposed to leishmaniasis by 2080 will at least double its present value.
    Conclusions: These models predict that climate change will exacerbate the ecological risk of human exposure to leishmaniasis in areas outside its present range in the United States and, possibly, in parts of southern Canada. This prediction suggests the adoption of measures such as surveillance for leishmaniasis north of Texas as disease cases spread northwards. Potential vector and reservoir control strategies-besides direct intervention in disease cases-should also be further investigated.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Climate Change ; Ecology ; Humans ; Insect Vectors/parasitology ; Leishmaniasis/epidemiology ; Models, Theoretical ; North America/epidemiology ; Psychodidae/parasitology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-01-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2429704-5
    ISSN 1935-2735 ; 1935-2727
    ISSN (online) 1935-2735
    ISSN 1935-2727
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000585
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Scaling issues of neutral theory reveal violations of ecological equivalence for dominant Amazonian tree species.

    Pos, Edwin / Guevara, Juan Ernesto / Molino, Jean-François / Sabatier, Daniel / Bánki, Olaf S / Pitman, Nigel C A / Mogollón, Hugo F / García-Villacorta, Roosevelt / Neill, David / Phillips, Oliver L / Cerón, Carlos / Ríos Paredes, Marcos / Núñez Vargas, Percy / Dávila, Nállarett / Fiore, Anthony Di / Rivas-Torres, Gonzalo / Thomas-Caesar, Raquel / Vriesendorp, Corine / Young, Kenneth R /
    Tirado, Milton / Wang, Ophelia / Sierra, Rodrigo / Mesones, Italo / Zagt, Roderick / Vasquez, Rodolfo / Ahuite Reategui, Manuel A / Palacios Cuenca, Walter / Valderrama Sandoval, Elvis H / Ter Steege, Hans

    Ecology letters

    2019  Volume 22, Issue 7, Page(s) 1072–1082

    Abstract: Neutral models are often used as null models, testing the relative importance of niche versus neutral processes in shaping diversity. Most versions, however, focus only on regional scale predictions and neglect local level contributions. Recently, a new ... ...

    Abstract Neutral models are often used as null models, testing the relative importance of niche versus neutral processes in shaping diversity. Most versions, however, focus only on regional scale predictions and neglect local level contributions. Recently, a new formulation of spatial neutral theory was published showing an incompatibility between regional and local scale fits where especially the number of rare species was dramatically under-predicted. Using a forward in time semi-spatially explicit neutral model and a unique large-scale Amazonian tree inventory data set, we show that neutral theory not only underestimates the number of rare species but also fails in predicting the excessive dominance of species on both regional and local levels. We show that although there are clear relationships between species composition, spatial and environmental distances, there is also a clear differentiation between species able to attain dominance with and without restriction to specific habitats. We conclude therefore that the apparent dominance of these species is real, and that their excessive abundance can be attributed to fitness differences in different ways, a clear violation of the ecological equivalence assumption of neutral theory.
    MeSH term(s) Biodiversity ; Ecology ; Ecosystem ; Models, Biological ; Species Specificity ; Trees
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-04-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 1441608-6
    ISSN 1461-0248 ; 1461-023X
    ISSN (online) 1461-0248
    ISSN 1461-023X
    DOI 10.1111/ele.13264
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Estimating and interpreting migration of Amazonian forests using spatially implicit and semi-explicit neutral models.

    Pos, Edwin / Guevara Andino, Juan Ernesto / Sabatier, Daniel / Molino, Jean-François / Pitman, Nigel / Mogollón, Hugo / Neill, David / Cerón, Carlos / Rivas-Torres, Gonzalo / Di Fiore, Anthony / Thomas, Raquel / Tirado, Milton / Young, Kenneth R / Wang, Ophelia / Sierra, Rodrigo / García-Villacorta, Roosevelt / Zagt, Roderick / Palacios Cuenca, Walter / Aulestia, Milton /
    Ter Steege, Hans

    Ecology and evolution

    2017  Volume 7, Issue 12, Page(s) 4254–4265

    Abstract: With many sophisticated methods available for estimating migration, ecologists face the difficult decision of choosing for their specific line of work. Here we test and compare several methods, performing sanity and robustness tests, applying to large- ... ...

    Abstract With many sophisticated methods available for estimating migration, ecologists face the difficult decision of choosing for their specific line of work. Here we test and compare several methods, performing sanity and robustness tests, applying to large-scale data and discussing the results and interpretation. Five methods were selected to compare for their ability to estimate migration from spatially implicit and semi-explicit simulations based on three large-scale field datasets from South America (Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana and Ecuador). Space was incorporated semi-explicitly by a discrete probability mass function for local recruitment, migration from adjacent plots or from a metacommunity. Most methods were able to accurately estimate migration from spatially implicit simulations. For spatially semi-explicit simulations, estimation was shown to be the additive effect of migration from adjacent plots and the metacommunity. It was only accurate when migration from the metacommunity outweighed that of adjacent plots, discrimination, however, proved to be impossible. We show that migration should be considered more an approximation of the resemblance between communities and the summed regional species pool. Application of migration estimates to simulate field datasets did show reasonably good fits and indicated consistent differences between sets in comparison with earlier studies. We conclude that estimates of migration using these methods are more an approximation of the homogenization among local communities over time rather than a direct measurement of migration and hence have a direct relationship with beta diversity. As betadiversity is the result of many (non)-neutral processes, we have to admit that migration as estimated in a spatial explicit world encompasses not only direct migration but is an ecological aggregate of these processes. The parameter
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-05-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2045-7758
    ISSN 2045-7758
    DOI 10.1002/ece3.2930
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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