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Article ; Online: Three-stage ultrafast demagnetization dynamics in a monolayer ferromagnet.

Wu, Na / Zhang, Shengjie / Chen, Daqiang / Wang, Yaxian / Meng, Sheng

2024 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 2804

Abstract: Intense laser pulses can be used to demagnetize a magnetic material on an extremely short timescale. While this ultrafast demagnetization offers the potential for new magneto-optical devices, it poses challenges in capturing coupled spin-electron and ... ...

Abstract	Intense laser pulses can be used to demagnetize a magnetic material on an extremely short timescale. While this ultrafast demagnetization offers the potential for new magneto-optical devices, it poses challenges in capturing coupled spin-electron and spin-lattice dynamics. In this article, we study the photoinduced ultrafast demagnetization of a prototype monolayer ferromagnet Fe
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-024-47128-4
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Unraveling Hidden Charge Density Wave Phases in 1T-TiSe_{2}.

Nie, Zhengwei / Wang, Yaxian / Chen, Daqiang / Meng, Sheng

Physical review letters

2023 Volume 131, Issue 19, Page(s) 196401

Abstract: The unexpected chiral order observed in 1T-TiSe_{2} represents an exciting area to explore chirality in condensed matter, while its microscopic mechanism remains elusive. Here, we have identified three metastable collective modes-the so-called single-q ... ...

Abstract	The unexpected chiral order observed in 1T-TiSe_{2} represents an exciting area to explore chirality in condensed matter, while its microscopic mechanism remains elusive. Here, we have identified three metastable collective modes-the so-called single-q modes-in single layer TiSe_{2}, which originate from the unstable phonon eigenvectors at the zone boundary and break the threefold rotational symmetry. We show that polarized laser pulse is a unique and efficient tool to reconstruct the transient potential energy surface, so as to drive phase transitions between these states. By designing sequent layers with chiral stacking order, we propose a practical means to realize chiral charge density waves in 1T-TiSe_{2}. Further, the constructed chiral structure is predicted to exhibit circular dichroism as observed in recent experiments. These facts strongly indicate the chirality transfer from photons to the electron subsystem, meanwhile being strongly coupled to the lattice degree of freedom. Our work provides new insights into understanding and modulating chirality in quantum materials that we hope will spark further experimental investigation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208853-8
ISSN	1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
ISSN (online)	1079-7114
ISSN	0031-9007
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.196401
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Article: Hprt

Liu, Fenglan / Miao, Yang / Wang, Yaxian / Shan, Qianqian

Journal of integrative neuroscience

2023 Volume 22, Issue 5, Page(s) 125

Abstract: Objective: To identify suitable reference genes for gene expression studies in rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons.: Methods: The raw cycle threshold (Ct) values of 12 selected reference genes were obtained via quantitative real-time reverse ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To identify suitable reference genes for gene expression studies in rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. Methods: The raw cycle threshold (Ct) values of 12 selected reference genes were obtained via quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in neurons at different developmental stages or under different treatments. Two strategies were employed to screen the most stable reference genes: the genes were ranked according to the coefficient of biological variation and further validated using geNorm and NormFinder programs. The stable and unstable reference genes were subsequently used as internal controls to assess their effects on target gene expression. Results: All reference genes showed varying degrees of fluctuation in Ct values during the growth process of neurons or after different treatments. 18S ribosomal RNA ( Conclusions: Our observations indicate that
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Rats ; Ganglia, Spinal ; Reverse Transcription ; Neurons ; Polymerase Chain Reaction
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-21
Publishing country	Singapore
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2136427-8
ISSN	0219-6352
ISSN	0219-6352
DOI	10.31083/j.jin2205125
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Article ; Online: Cucurbitacin IIb attenuates cancer cachexia induced skeletal muscle atrophy by regulating the IL-6/STAT3/FoxO signaling pathway.

Wang, Yaxian / Sun, Xipeng / Yang, Quanjun / Guo, Cheng

Phytotherapy research : PTR

2023 Volume 37, Issue 8, Page(s) 3380–3393

Abstract: The main features of cancer cachexia include skeletal muscle atrophy, which can significantly reduce the quality of life of patients. Clinical treatment of cancer cachexia is mainly based on nutritional therapy and physical exercise; medication only ... ...

Abstract	The main features of cancer cachexia include skeletal muscle atrophy, which can significantly reduce the quality of life of patients. Clinical treatment of cancer cachexia is mainly based on nutritional therapy and physical exercise; medication only improves appetite but does not reverse the symptoms of skeletal muscle wasting. In this work, we systematically studied the underlying molecular mechanisms by which cucurbitacin IIb (CuIIb) ameliorates muscle wasting in cancer cachexia both in vitro and in vivo. CuIIb significantly ameliorated the chief features of cancer cachexia in vivo, alleviating weight loss, food intake, muscle wasting, adipose tissue depletion, and organ weight reductions. In vitro, CuIIb (10 and 20 μM) dose-dependently attenuated conditioned medium (CM)-induced C2C12 myotube atrophy. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that CuIIb prevented the upregulation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle atrophy Fbox protein (MAFbx), myosin heavy chain (MyHC), and myogenin (MyoG) and impacted protein synthesis and degradation. In addition, CuIIb decreased the phosphorylation of Tyr705 in STAT3 by regulating the IL-6/STAT3/FoxO pathway to reduce skeletal muscle atrophy in cancer cachexia.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Cachexia/drug therapy ; Cachexia/etiology ; Cachexia/metabolism ; Interleukin-6/metabolism ; Quality of Life ; Neoplasms/pathology ; Muscular Atrophy/drug therapy ; Muscular Atrophy/etiology ; Signal Transduction ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism ; STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Interleukin-6 ; cucurbitacin IIb ; STAT3 protein, human ; STAT3 Transcription Factor
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639136-9
ISSN	1099-1573 ; 0951-418X
ISSN (online)	1099-1573
ISSN	0951-418X
DOI	10.1002/ptr.7811
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Article ; Online: Cucurbitacin IIb attenuates cancer cachexia induced skeletal muscle atrophy by regulating the IL‐6/STAT3/FoxO signaling pathway

Wang, Yaxian / Sun, Xipeng / Yang, Quanjun / Guo, Cheng

Phytotherapy Research. 2023 Aug., v. 37, no. 8 p.3380-3393

2023

Abstract	The main features of cancer cachexia include skeletal muscle atrophy, which can significantly reduce the quality of life of patients. Clinical treatment of cancer cachexia is mainly based on nutritional therapy and physical exercise; medication only improves appetite but does not reverse the symptoms of skeletal muscle wasting. In this work, we systematically studied the underlying molecular mechanisms by which cucurbitacin IIb (CuIIb) ameliorates muscle wasting in cancer cachexia both in vitro and in vivo. CuIIb significantly ameliorated the chief features of cancer cachexia in vivo, alleviating weight loss, food intake, muscle wasting, adipose tissue depletion, and organ weight reductions. In vitro, CuIIb (10 and 20 μM) dose‐dependently attenuated conditioned medium (CM)‐induced C2C12 myotube atrophy. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that CuIIb prevented the upregulation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle atrophy Fbox protein (MAFbx), myosin heavy chain (MyHC), and myogenin (MyoG) and impacted protein synthesis and degradation. In addition, CuIIb decreased the phosphorylation of Tyr705 in STAT3 by regulating the IL‐6/STAT3/FoxO pathway to reduce skeletal muscle atrophy in cancer cachexia.
Keywords	adipose tissue ; appetite ; cachexia ; diet therapy ; drug therapy ; exercise ; food intake ; muscles ; muscular atrophy ; myogenin ; myosin heavy chains ; myotubes ; phosphorylation ; phytotherapy ; protein synthesis ; quality of life ; research ; skeletal muscle ; tissue weight ; ubiquitin-protein ligase ; weight loss
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-08
Size	p. 3380-3393.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	639136-9
ISSN	1099-1573 ; 0951-418X
ISSN (online)	1099-1573
ISSN	0951-418X
DOI	10.1002/ptr.7811
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Review of Post-embedding Immunogold Methods for the Study of Neuronal Structures.

Petralia, Ronald S / Wang, Ya-Xian

Frontiers in neuroanatomy

2021 Volume 15, Page(s) 763427

Abstract: The post-embedding immunogold (PI) technique for immunolabeling of neuronal tissues utilizing standard thin-section transmission electron microscopy (TEM) continues to be a prime method for understanding the functional localization of key proteins in ... ...

Abstract	The post-embedding immunogold (PI) technique for immunolabeling of neuronal tissues utilizing standard thin-section transmission electron microscopy (TEM) continues to be a prime method for understanding the functional localization of key proteins in neuronal function. Its main advantages over other immunolabeling methods for thin-section TEM are (1) fairly accurate and quantifiable localization of proteins in cells; (2) double-labeling of sections using two gold particle sizes; and (3) the ability to perform multiple labeling for different proteins by using adjacent sections. Here we first review in detail a common method for PI of neuronal tissues. This method has two major parts. First, we describe the freeze-substitution embedding method: cryoprotected tissue is frozen in liquid propane
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2452969-2
ISSN	1662-5129
ISSN	1662-5129
DOI	10.3389/fnana.2021.763427
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Article ; Online: Relation-Aware Fine-Grained Reasoning Network for Textbook Question Answering.

Ma, Jie / Liu, Jun / Wang, Yaxian / Li, Junjun / Liu, Tongliang

IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems

2023 Volume 34, Issue 1, Page(s) 15–27

Abstract: Textbook question answering (TQA) is a task that one should answer non-diagram and diagram questions accurately, given a large context which consists of abundant diagrams and essays. Although lots of studies have made significant progress in the natural ... ...

Abstract	Textbook question answering (TQA) is a task that one should answer non-diagram and diagram questions accurately, given a large context which consists of abundant diagrams and essays. Although lots of studies have made significant progress in the natural image question answering (QA), they are not applicable to comprehending diagrams and reasoning over the long multimodal context. To address the above issues, we propose a relation-aware fine-grained reasoning (RAFR) network that performs fine-grained reasoning over the nodes of relation-based diagram graphs. Our method uses semantic dependencies and relative positions between nodes in the diagram to construct relation graphs and applies graph attention networks to learn diagram representations. To extract and reason over the multimodal knowledge, we first extract the text that is the most relevant to questions, options, and the instructional diagram which is the most relevant to question diagrams at the word-sentence level and the node-diagram level, respectively. Then, we apply instructional-diagram-guided attention and question-guided attention to reason over the node of question diagrams, respectively. The experimental results show that our proposed method achieves the best performance on the TQA dataset compared with baselines. We also conduct extensive ablation studies to comprehensively analyze the proposed method.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2162-2388
ISSN (online)	2162-2388
DOI	10.1109/TNNLS.2021.3089140
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Analyzing autophagosomes and mitophagosomes in the mouse brain using electron microscopy.

Duan, Kaizheng / Petralia, Ronald S / Wang, Ya-Xian / Li, Zheng

STAR protocols

2022 Volume 3, Issue 1, Page(s) 101154

Abstract: Electron microscopy (EM) is considered the gold standard for studying macroautophagy and mitophagy, essential cellular processes for brain health. Here, we present a protocol using EM to analyze autophagosomes and mitophagosomes in the mouse amygdala. We ...

Abstract	Electron microscopy (EM) is considered the gold standard for studying macroautophagy and mitophagy, essential cellular processes for brain health. Here, we present a protocol using EM to analyze autophagosomes and mitophagosomes in the mouse amygdala. We describe the preparation of brain sections, followed by staining and EM imaging. We then detail the steps to identify and analyze autophagosome-like and mitophagosome-like structures. This protocol can be easily adapted to analyze autophagosomes and mitophagosomes in other mouse brain regions. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Duan et al. (2021).
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Autophagosomes ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Mice ; Microscopy, Electron ; Mitophagy ; Staining and Labeling
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
ISSN	2666-1667
ISSN (online)	2666-1667
DOI	10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101154
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Multitask Learning for Visual Question Answering.

Ma, Jie / Liu, Jun / Lin, Qika / Wu, Bei / Wang, Yaxian / You, Yang

IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems

2023 Volume 34, Issue 3, Page(s) 1380–1394

Abstract: Visual question answering (VQA) is a task that machines should provide an accurate natural language answer given an image and a question about the image. Many studies have found that the current VQA methods are heavily driven by the surface correlation ... ...

Abstract	Visual question answering (VQA) is a task that machines should provide an accurate natural language answer given an image and a question about the image. Many studies have found that the current VQA methods are heavily driven by the surface correlation or statistical bias in the training data, and lack sufficient image grounding. To address this issue, we devise a novel end-to-end architecture that uses multitask learning to promote more sufficient image grounding and learn effective multimodality representations. The tasks consist of VQA and our proposed image cloze (IC) task requires machines to fill in the blanks accurately given an image and a textual description of the image. To ensure our model performs sufficient image grounding as much as possible, we propose a novel word-masking algorithm to develop the multimodal IC task based on the part-of-speech of words. Our model predicts the VQA answer and fills in the blanks after the multimodality representation learning that is shared by the two tasks. Experimental results show that our model achieves almost the equivalent, state-of-the-art, second-best performance on the VQA v2.0, VQA-changing priors (CP) v2, and grounded question answering (GQA) datasets, respectively, with fewer parameters and without additional data compared with baselines.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2162-2388
ISSN (online)	2162-2388
DOI	10.1109/TNNLS.2021.3105284
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Coherent-Phonon-Driven Intervalley Scattering and Rabi Oscillation in Multivalley 2D Materials.

Wang, Chenyu / Liu, Xinbao / Chen, Qing / Chen, Daqiang / Wang, Yaxian / Meng, Sheng

Physical review letters

2023 Volume 131, Issue 6, Page(s) 66401

Abstract: Resolving the complete electron scattering dynamics mediated by coherent phonons is crucial for understanding electron-phonon couplings beyond equilibrium. Here we present a time-resolved theoretical investigation on strongly coupled ultrafast electron ... ...

Abstract	Resolving the complete electron scattering dynamics mediated by coherent phonons is crucial for understanding electron-phonon couplings beyond equilibrium. Here we present a time-resolved theoretical investigation on strongly coupled ultrafast electron and phonon dynamics in monolayer WSe_{2}, with a focus on the intervalley scattering from the optically "bright" K state to "dark" Q state. We find that the strong coherent lattice vibration along the longitudinal acoustic phonon mode [LA(M)] can drastically promote K-to-Q transition on a timescale of ∼400 fs, comparable with previous experimental observation on thermal-phonon-mediated electron dynamics. Further, this coherent-phonon-driven intervalley scattering occurs in an unconventional steplike manner and further induces an electronic Rabi oscillation. By constructing a two-level model and quantitatively comparing with ab initio dynamic simulations, we uncover the critical role of nonadiabatic coupling effects. Finally, a new strategy is proposed to effectively tune the intervalley scattering rates by varying the coherent phonon amplitude, which could be realized via light-induced nonlinear phononics that we hope will spark experimental investigation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208853-8
ISSN	1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
ISSN (online)	1079-7114
ISSN	0031-9007
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.066401
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