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Book ; Online ; E-Book: Air pollution, climate, and health

Gao, Meng / Wang, Zifa / Carmichael, Gregory

an integrated perspective on their interactions

2021

Author's details	edited by Meng Gao, Zifa Wang, Gregory Carmichael
Keywords	Air/Pollution/Environmental aspects ; Air/Pollution/Health aspects
Language	English
Size	1 Online-Ressource (xii, 289 Seiten), Illustrationen
Publisher	Elsevier
Publishing place	Amsterdam
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Book ; Online ; E-Book
Remark	Zugriff für angemeldete ZB MED-Nutzerinnen und -Nutzer
HBZ-ID	HT020903547
ISBN	978-0-12-820395-8 ; 9780128201237 ; 0-12-820395-1 ; 0128201231
Database	ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article: Experimental Study on Properties of Modified City Wall Soil.

Pan, Wei / Yue, Jianwei / Yang, Xue / Wang, Zifa

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 15, Issue 23

Abstract: Due to the special geographical location, climatic characteristics, special soil properties and the flood zone of the Yellow River in Kaifeng, the groundwater level in the lower reaches of the river basin is high and contains much salt. The matrix ... ...

Abstract	Due to the special geographical location, climatic characteristics, special soil properties and the flood zone of the Yellow River in Kaifeng, the groundwater level in the lower reaches of the river basin is high and contains much salt. The matrix suction and surface free energy of the Kaifeng city wall earthen site changed under capillary action, resulting in cracking, peeling and efflorescence to varying degrees. In order to reduce the deterioration of the Kaifeng city wall caused by environmental erosion, a select lime with excellent mechanical properties and waterproof methanesiliconic acid sodium salt with excellent water resistance were chosen to reinforce the earthen sites. In this paper, 0%, 3%, 5% and 7% lime, and 0%, 1%, 2% and 3% waterproof materials were selected to determine four types of imitation site soil with 16 different mix proportion samples. Further, samples with different mixing ratios were subjected to direct shear, a disintegration test, and a microscopic scanning electron microscope test. The results show that under different normal stresses, with the increase in waterproof material content, the growth rate of shear strength of imitation site soil ranges from 1.82% to 10.81%. With the increase in lime content, the shear strength of imitation site soil increases rapidly, up to 38.16%. Both materials can improve the shear strength of the soil site. Under reinforcement with the two materials, the cohesive force of the imitation site soil can be improved at a maximum rate of 59.23%, and the internal friction angle changes in the range of 36.72°-41.61°. Compared with the sample without waterproof material, the mass water absorption rate of the sample with waterproof material decreases in the range of 2.76-27.77, and with the increase in waterproof material, the mass water absorption rate of the sample gradually decreases. The chemical reaction products of the waterproof materials and lime can play a filling role in silty clay; filling micro-pores and micro-cracks between soil particles.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-02
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2487261-1
ISSN	1996-1944
ISSN	1996-1944
DOI	10.3390/ma15238615
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Study on the factors affecting cracking of earthen soil under dry shrinkage and freeze-thaw conditions.

Yue, Jianwei / Huang, Xuanjia / Zhao, Limin / Wang, Zifa

Scientific reports

2022 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 1816

Abstract: Earthen sites are easily eroded by the natural environment, resulting in many micro-cracks on the surface. To explore the effects of environmental effects such as drying shrinkage and freeze-thaw on surface cracking, orthogonal tests that imposed these ... ...

Abstract	Earthen sites are easily eroded by the natural environment, resulting in many micro-cracks on the surface. To explore the effects of environmental effects such as drying shrinkage and freeze-thaw on surface cracking, orthogonal tests that imposed these effects on the Zhouqiao site were conducted. Using range analysis, image processing technology, surface strength measurement and microstructure characteristic analysis, this paper explores the effects of soil thickness, water content, dry shrinkage, freeze-thaw cycles and other factors on the morphological characteristics of the site's surface cracks. The results show that under the action of dry shrinkage, the thickness of soil layer is the primary factor affecting the cracking of earthen soil. The thinner the thickness of soil layer, the lower the moisture content, and the more serious the cracking. The initial moisture content is the most disadvantageous factor affecting the reduction of the surface strength of the earthen soil. The strength around the soil sample is lower than that inside, and there are more cracks. Under the action of freezing and thawing, the main factors affecting the cracking and surface strength reduction of earthen soil are the initial water content and soil layer thickness, and the thicker the soil layer, the smaller the crack development and the lower the surface strength. Scanning electron microscope results show that under dry shrinkage and freeze-thaw conditions, the internal cracks of the soil samples exhibit different shape characteristics. Intergranular cracks appear most often under dry shrinkage conditions, and isolated cracks appear most often in the soil samples from the freeze-thaw cycle test. The cracks caused by these two types of external environment factors damage the earthen soil. According to the tension failure model and the definition of the first frost heaving theory, it can be determined that when the micro pore force F and the maximum frost heaving pressure P
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-022-05946-w
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Book ; Online: An approach to refining the ground meteorological observation stations for improving PM2.5 forecasts in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region

Yang, Lichao / Duan, Wansuo / Wang, Zifa

eISSN: 1991-9603

2023

Abstract: This paper investigates how to refine the ground meteorological observation network to greatly improve the PM 2.5 concentration forecasts by identifying sensitive areas for targeted observations that are associated with a total of 48 forecasts in eight ... ...

Abstract	This paper investigates how to refine the ground meteorological observation network to greatly improve the PM 2.5 concentration forecasts by identifying sensitive areas for targeted observations that are associated with a total of 48 forecasts in eight heavy haze events during the years of 2016–2018 over the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region. The conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) method is adopted to determine the sensitive area of the surface meteorological fields for each forecast, and a total of 48 CNOP-type errors are obtained including wind, temperature, and water vapor mixing ratio components. It is found that, although all the sensitive areas tend to locate within and/or around the BTH region, their specific distributions are dependent on the events and the start times of the forecasts. Based on these sensitive areas, the current ground meteorological stations within and around the BTH region are refined to form a cost-effective observation network, which makes the relevant PM 2.5 forecasts starting from different initial times for varying events assimilate fewer observations, but overall, it achieve the forecasting skill comparable to and even higher than that obtained by assimilating all ground station observations. This network sheds light on the idea that some of the current ground stations within and around the BTH region are very useless for improving the PM 2.5 forecasts in the BTH region and can be greatly scattered to avoid unnecessary work.
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-11
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Variations and drivers of aerosol vertical characterization after clean air policy in China based on 7-years consecutive observations

Chen, Xi / Yang, Ting / Wang, Haibo / Wang, Futing / Wang, Zifa

Journal of environmental sciences (China). 2023 Mar., v. 125

2023

Abstract: Understanding the aerosol vertical characterization is of great importance to both climate and atmospheric environment. This study investigated the variations of aerosol profiles over eight regions of interest in China after clean air policy (2013-2019) ... ...

Abstract	Understanding the aerosol vertical characterization is of great importance to both climate and atmospheric environment. This study investigated the variations of aerosol profiles over eight regions of interest in China after clean air policy (2013-2019) and discussed the drivers of the vertical aerosol structure, using observations from active satellite measurements (CALIPSO). From the annual variation, the amplitude of extinction coefficient profiles showed a decreasing trend with fluctuations, and the maximum was 0.21 km⁻¹ in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (JJJ). For regions suffered from air pollution, the variation was greatest below 0.45 km, while it was between 1-1.5 km for Sichuan Basin. The correlation coefficient between the relative humidity (RH) and the extinction coefficient indicated that the increase of RH inhibited the decrease of the extinction coefficient in the Yangtze River Delta. In most regions, the main aerosol subtypes were polluted dust and polluted continental, but they were coarser in JJJ and North West. The frequency of concurrency of dust and polluted dust aerosols decreased in JJJ, but polluted continental aerosols occurred more frequently. Further, the aerosol extinction coefficient profiles under different pollution conditions showed that it changed most during heavy pollution periods in JJJ, especially in 2017, with a significant aerosol loading between ∼700 and 1200 m. The atmospheric reanalysis data revealed that the weak convergence at low level and the divergence at high level supported the upward transport of aerosols in 2017. Overall, the differences in divergence allocation, RH, and wind filed were the main meteorological drivers.
Keywords	aerosols ; air ; air pollution ; basins ; climate ; dust ; issues and policy ; relative humidity ; river deltas ; satellites ; wind ; China ; Yangtze River
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-03
Size	p. 499-512.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1092300-7
ISSN	1878-7320 ; 1001-0742
ISSN (online)	1878-7320
ISSN	1001-0742
DOI	10.1016/j.jes.2022.02.036
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Performance evaluation of photographic measurement in the machine-learning prediction of ground PM2.5 concentration

Feng, Limin / Yang, Ting / Wang, Zifa

Atmospheric environment. 2021 Oct. 01, v. 262

2021

Abstract: The scarcity and sparsity of meteorological vertical observations have caused severe restrictions in the accurate forward prediction and backward analysis of weather and air pollution. In this study, we used a common camera to automatically photograph ... ...

Abstract	The scarcity and sparsity of meteorological vertical observations have caused severe restrictions in the accurate forward prediction and backward analysis of weather and air pollution. In this study, we used a common camera to automatically photograph the daytime and nighttime lights at an urban site in Beijing during 2019–2020, to support or act as a possible alternative to radiosonde measurement. The photo features characterize the scattering effect of atmospheric particulate matter on visible sunlight or lamps and record cloud, fog, and precipitation processes. The probability distributions of the mean blue brightness (B) and the mean red brightness (R) are significantly different for both the sky-part and the ground-part pixels of the photo. The B/R ratio of the sky part (B/R_sky) is exponentially and negatively correlated with ground PM₂.₅ concentration. During the daytime, B/R_sky has a higher priority than the boundary layer height (BLH) in the determination of PM₂.₅ concentration by a decision tree model, whereas the BLH plays a key role at night, and the importance of B/R_sky is comparable to that of the BLH in the decision tree. The photo features were adopted as input variables into a simple multi-layer perceptron (MLP) model (3-layer neural network) predicting PM₂.₅ concentration, with a root mean square error of 1–3 μg/m³, indicating that the auto-shooting camera is a competitive alternative of meteorological measurement. Because of the low cost of installation, the broad application of auto-photography can make up for deficiencies of sounding observation, i.e., sparse temporal and spatial resolution, and can be accessed by the public in real time.
Keywords	air pollution ; artificial intelligence ; cameras ; decision support systems ; environment ; models ; particulates ; prediction ; probability ; solar radiation ; China
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-1001
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	216368-8
ISSN	0004-6981 ; 1352-2310
ISSN	0004-6981 ; 1352-2310
DOI	10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118623
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: [Source and Cause Analysis of High Concentration of Inorganic Aerosol During Two Typical Pollution Processes in Winter over Tianjin].

Lu, Miao-Miao / Han, Su-Qin / Liu, Ke-Xin / Tang, Xiao / Kong, Lei / Ding, Jing / Fan, Wen-Yan / Wang, Zi-Fa

Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue

2024 Volume 45, Issue 5, Page(s) 2581–2595

Abstract: Inorganic aerosol is the main component of haze days in winter over Tianjin. In this study, two typical high concentrations of secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) processes, defined as CASE1 and CASE2, were selected during polluted days in January 2020 ... ...

Abstract	Inorganic aerosol is the main component of haze days in winter over Tianjin. In this study, two typical high concentrations of secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) processes, defined as CASE1 and CASE2, were selected during polluted days in January 2020 over Tianjin, and the effects of meteorological factors, regional transport, and chemical processes were comprehensively investigated combined with observations and numerical models (WRF-NAQPMS). The average SIA concentrations in CASE1 and CASE2 were 76.8 μg·m
Language	Chinese
Publishing date	2024-04-17
Publishing country	China
Document type	English Abstract ; Journal Article
ISSN	0250-3301
ISSN	0250-3301
DOI	10.13227/j.hjkx.202306046
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Trends and drivers of aerosol vertical distribution over China from 2013 to 2020: Insights from integrated observations and modeling.

Chen, Xi / Li, Ke / Yang, Ting / Yang, Zhenjiang / Wang, Xueqing / Zhu, Bin / Chen, Lei / Yang, Yang / Wang, Zifa / Liao, Hong

The Science of the total environment

2024 Volume 917, Page(s) 170485

Abstract: Understanding aerosol vertical distribution is of great importance to climate change and atmospheric chemistry, but there is a dearth of systematical analysis for aerosol vertical distribution amid rapid emission decline after 2013 in China. Here, the ... ...

Abstract	Understanding aerosol vertical distribution is of great importance to climate change and atmospheric chemistry, but there is a dearth of systematical analysis for aerosol vertical distribution amid rapid emission decline after 2013 in China. Here, the GEOS-Chem model and multiple-sourced observations were applied to quantify the changes of aerosol vertical distributions in response to clean air actions. In 2013-2020, the MODIS aerosol optical depth (AOD) presented extensive decreasing trends by -7.9 %/yr to -4.2 %/yr in summer and -6.1 %/yr to -5.8 %/yr in winter in polluted regions. Vertically, the aerosol extinction coefficient (AEC) from CALIPSO decreased by -8.0 %/yr to -5.5 %/yr below ~1 km, but the trends weakened significantly with increasing altitude. Compared with available measurements, the model can reasonably reproduce 2013-2020 trends and seasonality in AOD and vertical AEC. Model simulations confirm that emission reduction was the dominant driver of the 2013-2020 decline in AOD, while the effect of meteorology varied seasonally, with contributions ranging from -2 % to 13 % in summer and -67 % to -2 % in winter. Vertical distributions of emission-driven AEC trends strongly depended on emission reductions, local planetary boundary layer height, and relative humidity. For aerosol components, sulfate accounted for ~50 % of the AOD decline during summer, followed by ammonium and organic aerosol, while in winter the contribution of organic aerosol doubled (24 %-35 %), and nitrate exhibited a weak increasing trend. Chemical production and meteorological conditions (e.g., relative humidity) primarily drove the nitrate contribution, but emission reduction and hygroscopicity were decisive for other components. This work provides an integrated observational and modeling effort to better understand rapid changes in aerosol vertical distribution over China.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-29
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170485
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Article: Study on Cracking Law of Earthen Soil under Dry Shrinkage Condition.

Zhang, Shaohua / Yue, Jianwei / Huang, Xuanjia / Zhao, Limin / Wang, Zifa

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 15, Issue 23

Abstract: Earthen sites are easily eroded by the natural environment, resulting in a large number of micro cracks on the surface. In order to explore the internal relationship between environmental factors and the cracking law of soil sites, this paper carries out ...

Abstract	Earthen sites are easily eroded by the natural environment, resulting in a large number of micro cracks on the surface. In order to explore the internal relationship between environmental factors and the cracking law of soil sites, this paper carries out dry shrinkage tests of different soil layers at the Zhouqiao site, reconstructs the study on cracking law of earthen soil under dry shrinkage-conditioned microstructure of site soil at different depths based on electron microscope pictures and finite element method, and explores the influence of different moisture content on the cracking of soil samples at the site. The results show that under conditions of dry shrinkage, the thickness of the soil layer has the greatest influence on the cracking of site soil samples. Due to the internal water loss and shrinkage of the soil sample, the thinner the soil layer, the more often the soil layer cracks first. The crack rate of the soil sample with a thickness of 1 cm is nearly three times higher than that of the soil sample with a thickness of 5 cm. Through numerical simulation analysis, it is found that the evolution process of soil fractures at the Zhouqiao site is mainly divided into the formation stages of initial stress field, single main fracture, secondary fracture and fracture network. The formation time of the secondary fracture is longer than that of the initial stress field and single main fracture, and the cracking of the upper soil sample is more serious than that of the lower soil sample. Under conditions of dry shrinkage, the particle arrangement of the soil sample is relatively loose, and there are many cracks inside, which provides evaporation and infiltration channels for water, forming unrecoverable weak pores, and finally, the cracks start to sprout at the weak points. The research results provide some reference for the disease mechanism and safety analysis of earthen sites.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-22
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2487261-1
ISSN	1996-1944
ISSN	1996-1944
DOI	10.3390/ma15238281
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Variations and drivers of aerosol vertical characterization after clean air policy in China based on 7-years consecutive observations.

Chen, Xi / Yang, Ting / Wang, Haibo / Wang, Futing / Wang, Zifa

Journal of environmental sciences (China)

2022 Volume 125, Page(s) 499–512

Abstract	Understanding the aerosol vertical characterization is of great importance to both climate and atmospheric environment. This study investigated the variations of aerosol profiles over eight regions of interest in China after clean air policy (2013-2019) and discussed the drivers of the vertical aerosol structure, using observations from active satellite measurements (CALIPSO). From the annual variation, the amplitude of extinction coefficient profiles showed a decreasing trend with fluctuations, and the maximum was 0.21 km
MeSH term(s)	Air Pollutants/analysis ; Particulate Matter/analysis ; Environmental Monitoring ; Seasons ; Aerosols/analysis ; Air Pollution/analysis ; Dust/analysis ; China ; Policy
Chemical Substances	Air Pollutants ; Particulate Matter ; Aerosols ; Dust
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-07
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1092300-7
ISSN	1878-7320 ; 1001-0742
ISSN (online)	1878-7320
ISSN	1001-0742
DOI	10.1016/j.jes.2022.02.036
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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