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  1. Article: Biallelic discrimination assays for the three common Ashkenazi Jewish mutations and a common non-Jewish mutation, in Tay-Sachs disease, using fluorogenic TaqMan probes.

    Ward, C P / Fensom, A H / Green, P M

    Genetic testing

    2000  Volume 4, Issue 4, Page(s) 351–358

    Abstract: We have developed rapid semiautomated fluorogenic TaqMan assays for the three common Jewish mutations that occur in Tay-Sachs disease, the TATC 4-bp insertion in exon 11 (1,278insTATC), the IVS 12 + 1G --> C, splice site mutation in intron 12 (1421 + 1 G ...

    Abstract We have developed rapid semiautomated fluorogenic TaqMan assays for the three common Jewish mutations that occur in Tay-Sachs disease, the TATC 4-bp insertion in exon 11 (1,278insTATC), the IVS 12 + 1G --> C, splice site mutation in intron 12 (1421 + 1 G --> C), and the G --> A change at the 3' end of exon 7 (G269S), as well as for a non-Jewish mutation, IVS9 + I G --> A, believed to be prevalent in patients of Celtic descent. The TaqMan assays are designed to run on the ABI SDS 7700 sequence detection system, using allele-specific probes that carry a reporter dye at the 5' end and a quencher dye at the 3' end. Using a 96-well format, all four assays can be performed simultaneously on the same plate, with real-time fluorescence detection or just an end-point plate read. DNA samples from 78 patients identified as carriers by biochemical screening and genotyped by conventional techniques were used to assess the accuracy and efficiency of the probes in allelic discrimination assays. There were no discrepancies noted between previously assigned genotypes and the results obtained by application of this methodology.
    MeSH term(s) Alleles ; DNA Mutational Analysis/methods ; DNA Primers ; DNA Probes ; Exons ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Genetic Testing/methods ; Genotype ; Humans ; Introns ; Jews/genetics ; Mutation/genetics ; Taq Polymerase/metabolism ; Tay-Sachs Disease/diagnosis ; Tay-Sachs Disease/ethnology ; Tay-Sachs Disease/genetics
    Chemical Substances DNA Primers ; DNA Probes ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Taq Polymerase (EC 2.7.7.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2000
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1345729-9
    ISSN 1557-7473 ; 1090-6576
    ISSN (online) 1557-7473
    ISSN 1090-6576
    DOI 10.1089/109065700750065081
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: c-Fos protein expression is increased in cholinergic neurons of the rodent basal forebrain during spontaneous and induced wakefulness.

    McKenna, J T / Cordeira, J W / Jeffrey, B A / Ward, C P / Winston, S / McCarley, R W / Strecker, R E

    Brain research bulletin

    2009  Volume 80, Issue 6, Page(s) 382–388

    Abstract: It has been proposed that cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain (BF) may play a role in vigilance state control. Since not all vigilance states have been studied, we evaluated cholinergic neuronal activation levels across spontaneously occurring ... ...

    Abstract It has been proposed that cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain (BF) may play a role in vigilance state control. Since not all vigilance states have been studied, we evaluated cholinergic neuronal activation levels across spontaneously occurring states of vigilance, as well as during sleep deprivation and recovery sleep following sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation was performed for 2h at the beginning of the light (inactive) period, by means of gentle sensory stimulation. In the rodent BF, we used immunohistochemical detection of the c-Fos protein as a marker for activation, combined with labeling for choline acetyl-transferase (ChAT) as a marker for cholinergic neurons. We found c-Fos activation in BF cholinergic neurons was highest in the group undergoing sleep deprivation (12.9% of cholinergic neurons), while the spontaneous wakefulness group showed a significant increase (9.2%), compared to labeling in the spontaneous sleep group (1.8%) and a sleep deprivation recovery group (0.8%). A subpopulation of cholinergic neurons expressed c-Fos during spontaneous wakefulness, when possible confounds of the sleep deprivation procedure were minimized (e.g., stress and sensory stimulation). Double-labeling in the sleep deprivation treatment group was significantly elevated in select subnuclei of the BF (medial septum/vertical limb of the diagonal band, horizontal limb of the diagonal band, and the magnocellular preoptic nucleus), when compared to spontaneous wakefulness. These findings support and provide additional confirming data of previous reports that cholinergic neurons of BF play a role in vigilance state regulation by promoting wakefulness.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cell Count ; Choline O-Acetyltransferase/metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Neurons/physiology ; Physical Stimulation ; Polysomnography ; Prosencephalon/physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sleep/physiology ; Sleep Deprivation/physiopathology ; Time Factors ; Up-Regulation ; Wakefulness/physiology
    Chemical Substances Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos ; Choline O-Acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-08-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 197620-5
    ISSN 1873-2747 ; 0361-9230
    ISSN (online) 1873-2747
    ISSN 0361-9230
    DOI 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2009.08.015
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Complementation studies in Niemann-Pick disease type C indicate the existence of a second group.

    Steinberg, S J / Ward, C P / Fensom, A H

    Journal of medical genetics

    1994  Volume 31, Issue 4, Page(s) 317–320

    Abstract: Niemann-Pick disease type C is a clinically heterogeneous storage disorder with an unknown primary metabolic defect. We have undertaken somatic cell hybridisation experiments using skin fibroblast strains from 12 patients representing a wide clinical ... ...

    Abstract Niemann-Pick disease type C is a clinically heterogeneous storage disorder with an unknown primary metabolic defect. We have undertaken somatic cell hybridisation experiments using skin fibroblast strains from 12 patients representing a wide clinical spectrum. Preliminary experiments using filipin staining of free cholesterol as a marker for complementation indicated the existence of one major group (group alpha) and one minor group (group beta) represented by one mutant strain. Subsequent experiments in which sphingomyelinase activity was measured as a marker for complementation using five mutant strains showing activity consistently < 40% control levels confirmed the existence of the second group.
    MeSH term(s) Cells, Cultured ; Cholesterol/metabolism ; Fibroblasts/enzymology ; Fibroblasts/pathology ; Filipin ; Genetic Complementation Test ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells/enzymology ; Hybrid Cells/pathology ; Infant ; Lysosomes/enzymology ; Male ; Mucolipidoses/pathology ; Niemann-Pick Diseases/classification ; Niemann-Pick Diseases/genetics ; Niemann-Pick Diseases/pathology ; Skin/pathology ; Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase/analysis ; beta-Galactosidase/analysis
    Chemical Substances Filipin (87Z59R7D14) ; Cholesterol (97C5T2UQ7J) ; Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.12) ; beta-Galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1994-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports ; Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 220881-7
    ISSN 1468-6244 ; 0022-2593
    ISSN (online) 1468-6244
    ISSN 0022-2593
    DOI 10.1136/jmg.31.4.317
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Sleep fragmentation elevates behavioral, electrographic and neurochemical measures of sleepiness.

    McKenna, J T / Tartar, J L / Ward, C P / Thakkar, M M / Cordeira, J W / McCarley, R W / Strecker, R E

    Neuroscience

    2007  Volume 146, Issue 4, Page(s) 1462–1473

    Abstract: Sleep fragmentation, a feature of sleep apnea as well as other sleep and medical/psychiatric disorders, is thought to lead to excessive daytime sleepiness. A rodent model of sleep fragmentation was developed (termed sleep interruption, SI), where rats ... ...

    Abstract Sleep fragmentation, a feature of sleep apnea as well as other sleep and medical/psychiatric disorders, is thought to lead to excessive daytime sleepiness. A rodent model of sleep fragmentation was developed (termed sleep interruption, SI), where rats were awakened every 2 min by the movement of an automated treadmill for either 6 or 24 h of exposure. The sleep pattern of rats exposed to 24 h of SI resembled sleep of the apneic patient in the following ways: sleep was fragmented (up to 30 awakening/h), total rapid eye movement (REM) sleep time was greatly reduced, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep episode duration was reduced (from 2 min, 5 s baseline to 58 s during SI), whereas the total amount of NREM sleep time per 24 h approached basal levels. Both 6 and 24 h of SI made rats more sleepy, as indicated by a reduced latency to fall asleep upon SI termination. Electrographic measures in the recovery sleep period following either 6 or 24 h of SI also indicated an elevation of homeostatic sleep drive; specifically, the average NREM episode duration increased (e.g. for 24 h SI, from 2 min, 5 s baseline to 3 min, 19 s following SI), as did the NREM delta power during recovery sleep. Basal forebrain (BF) levels of extracellular adenosine (AD) were also measured with microdialysis sample collection and high performance liquid chromatography detection, as previous work suggests that increasing concentrations of BF AD are related to sleepiness. BF AD levels were significantly elevated during SI, peaking at 220% of baseline during 30 h of SI exposure. These combined findings imply an elevation of the homeostatic sleep drive following either 6 or 24 h of SI, and BF AD levels appear to correlate more with sleepiness than with the cumulative amount of prior wakefulness, since total NREM sleep time declined only slightly. SI may be partially responsible for the symptom of daytime sleepiness observed in a number of clinical disorders, and this may be mediated by mechanisms involving BF AD.
    MeSH term(s) Adenosine/metabolism ; Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Brain Chemistry ; Circadian Rhythm ; Disease Models, Animal ; Electroencephalography/methods ; Exercise Test ; Male ; Microdialysis/methods ; Motor Activity/physiology ; Polysomnography/methods ; Prosencephalon/metabolism ; Prosencephalon/physiopathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sleep Deprivation/metabolism ; Sleep Deprivation/physiopathology ; Sleep Stages/physiology ; Time Factors ; Wakefulness
    Chemical Substances Adenosine (K72T3FS567)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-04-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 196739-3
    ISSN 1873-7544 ; 0306-4522
    ISSN (online) 1873-7544
    ISSN 0306-4522
    DOI 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.03.009
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Asymptomatic cholesteryl ester storage disease in an adult controlled with simvastatin.

    Iverson, S A / Cairns, S R / Ward, C P / Fensom, A H

    Annals of clinical biochemistry

    1997  Volume 34 Pt 4, Page(s) 433–436

    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Anticholesteremic Agents/therapeutic use ; Cholesterol Ester Storage Disease/drug therapy ; Cholesterol Ester Storage Disease/genetics ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Lipids/blood ; Lipoproteins, LDL/blood ; Liver/enzymology ; Liver/metabolism ; Liver/pathology ; Lovastatin/analogs & derivatives ; Lovastatin/therapeutic use ; Male ; Simvastatin ; Sterol Esterase/deficiency ; Sterol Esterase/metabolism ; Transaminases/blood
    Chemical Substances Anticholesteremic Agents ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; Lipids ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; Lovastatin (9LHU78OQFD) ; Simvastatin (AGG2FN16EV) ; Transaminases (EC 2.6.1.-) ; Sterol Esterase (EC 3.1.1.13)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1997-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 390309-6
    ISSN 1758-1001 ; 0004-5632
    ISSN (online) 1758-1001
    ISSN 0004-5632
    DOI 10.1177/000456329703400418
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Analysis of Plasmodium falciparum PfEMP-1/var genes suggests that recombination rearranges constrained sequences.

    Ward, C P / Clottey, G T / Dorris, M / Ji, D D / Arnot, D E

    Molecular and biochemical parasitology

    1999  Volume 102, Issue 1, Page(s) 167–177

    Abstract: The var genes of Plasmodium falciparum encode a family of parasite erythrocyte surface antigens, the PfEMP-1 proteins, which function as adhesion ligands for host endothelial and erythrocyte receptors. PfEMP-1 is extremely polymorphic although the extent ...

    Abstract The var genes of Plasmodium falciparum encode a family of parasite erythrocyte surface antigens, the PfEMP-1 proteins, which function as adhesion ligands for host endothelial and erythrocyte receptors. PfEMP-1 is extremely polymorphic although the extent of this variation in naturally transmitted parasite populations is unclear. We have identified 56 different sequences from the Duffy binding-like (DBL-1) domain of var genes amplified from six different P. falciparum clones isolated from patient infections in a Sudanese village in October-November 1989. These clones have been compared with 25 PfEMP-1 sequences expressed from different var gene loci by the 3D7A clone and 48 PfEMP-1 sequences from different isolates in endemic areas such as Kenya, Brazil, Gambia, Vietnam and Vanuatu to analyse diversity in clonal, local and 'global' P. falciparum populations. Evidence that certain conserved sequences recur in clones from one Sudanese village and in isolates from all over the world suggests that var gene diversity is the result of recombinational reshuffling of a subset of conserved, presumably ancestral sequences. Recurrence of particular var sequence blocks thus leads to 'overlaps' in the PfEMP-1 sequence repertoire of different P. falciparum clones.
    MeSH term(s) Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigenic Variation ; Antigens, Protozoan/chemistry ; Antigens, Protozoan/genetics ; Conserved Sequence ; Female ; Genes, Protozoan ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Malaria, Falciparum/parasitology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multigene Family ; Phylogeny ; Plasmodium falciparum/genetics ; Plasmodium falciparum/immunology ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protozoan Proteins/chemistry ; Protozoan Proteins/genetics ; Recombination, Genetic ; Sequence Alignment ; Sudan
    Chemical Substances Antigens, Protozoan ; Protozoan Proteins ; erythrocyte membrane protein 1, Plasmodium falciparum
    Language English
    Publishing date 1999-07-30
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 756166-0
    ISSN 1872-9428 ; 0166-6851
    ISSN (online) 1872-9428
    ISSN 0166-6851
    DOI 10.1016/s0166-6851(99)00106-1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Volumetric MRI vs clinical predictors of Alzheimer disease in mild cognitive impairment.

    Fleisher, A S / Sun, S / Taylor, C / Ward, C P / Gamst, A C / Petersen, R C / Jack, C R / Aisen, P S / Thal, L J

    Neurology

    2008  Volume 70, Issue 3, Page(s) 191–199

    Abstract: Objective: To compare volumetric MRI of whole brain and medial temporal lobe structures to clinical measures for predicting progression from amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer disease (AD).: Methods: Baseline MRI scans from 129 ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To compare volumetric MRI of whole brain and medial temporal lobe structures to clinical measures for predicting progression from amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer disease (AD).
    Methods: Baseline MRI scans from 129 subjects with amnestic MCI were obtained from participants in the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study group's randomized, placebo-controlled clinical drug trial of donepezil, vitamin E, or placebo. Measures of whole brain, ventricular, hippocampal, and entorhinal cortex volumes were acquired. Participants were followed with clinical and cognitive evaluations until formal criteria for AD were met, or completion of 36 months of follow-up. Logistic regression modeling was done to assess the predictive value of all MRI measures, risk factors such as APOE genotype, age, family history of AD, education, sex, and cognitive test scores for progression to AD. Least angle regression modeling was used to determine which variables would produce an optimal predictive model, and whether adding MRI measures to a model with only clinical measures would improve predictive accuracy.
    Results: Of the four MRI measures evaluated, only ventricular volumes and hippocampal volumes were predictive of progression to AD. Maximal predictive accuracy using only MRI measures was obtained by hippocampal volumes by themselves (60.4%). When clinical variables were added to the model, the predictive accuracy increased to 78.8%. Use of MRI measures did not improve predictive accuracy beyond that obtained by cognitive measures alone. APOE status, MRI, or demographic variables were not necessary for the optimal predictive model. This optimal model included the Delayed 10-word list recall, New York University Delayed Paragraph Recall, and the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale total score.
    Conclusion: In moderate stages of amnestic mild cognitive impairment, common cognitive tests provide better predictive accuracy than measures of whole brain, ventricular, entorhinal cortex, or hippocampal volumes for assessing progression to Alzheimer disease.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis ; Alzheimer Disease/genetics ; Alzheimer Disease/psychology ; Apolipoproteins E/genetics ; Brain/pathology ; Brain/physiopathology ; Cerebral Ventricles/pathology ; Cognition Disorders/complications ; Cognition Disorders/diagnosis ; Cognition Disorders/genetics ; Cohort Studies ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Demography ; Disease Progression ; Entorhinal Cortex/pathology ; Entorhinal Cortex/physiopathology ; Female ; Genetic Testing ; Genotype ; Hippocampus/pathology ; Hippocampus/physiopathology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/standards ; Male ; Neuropsychological Tests/standards ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Sensitivity and Specificity
    Chemical Substances Apolipoproteins E
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-01-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 207147-2
    ISSN 1526-632X ; 0028-3878
    ISSN (online) 1526-632X
    ISSN 0028-3878
    DOI 10.1212/01.wnl.0000287091.57376.65
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: The entrapment of mannose-terminated glucocerebrosidase (Alglucerase) in human carrier erythrocytes.

    Bax, B E / Bain, M D / Ward, C P / Fensom, A H / Chalmers, R A

    Biochemical Society transactions

    1996  Volume 24, Issue 3, Page(s) 441S

    MeSH term(s) Dialysis ; Drug Carriers ; Energy Metabolism ; Erythrocytes/enzymology ; Gaucher Disease/drug therapy ; Gaucher Disease/enzymology ; Glucosylceramidase/administration & dosage ; Glucosylceramidase/blood ; Glucosylceramidase/deficiency ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques
    Chemical Substances Drug Carriers ; Glucosylceramidase (EC 3.2.1.45)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1996-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 184237-7
    ISSN 1470-8752 ; 0300-5127
    ISSN (online) 1470-8752
    ISSN 0300-5127
    DOI 10.1042/bst024441s
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: An adult with a non-neuronopathic form of Niemann-Pick C disease.

    Fensom, A H / Grant, A R / Steinberg, S J / Ward, C P / Lake, B D / Logan, E C / Hulman, G

    Journal of inherited metabolic disease

    1999  Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 84–86

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Middle Aged ; Niemann-Pick Diseases/metabolism ; Niemann-Pick Diseases/physiopathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 1999-03-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 438341-2
    ISSN 1573-2665 ; 0141-8955
    ISSN (online) 1573-2665
    ISSN 0141-8955
    DOI 10.1023/a:1005463718823
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Book: Natural control of a population of rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus (L.), for ten years in the Kourarau enclosure

    Gibb, J.A / Ward, C.P

    (Bulletin. New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research ; 223)

    1978  

    Author's details J.A. Gibb; C.P. Ward
    Series title Bulletin. New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research ; 223
    Size 88 S
    Publishing place Wellington, New Zealand
    Document type Book
    Database Library catalogue of the German National Library of Science and Technology (TIB), Hannover

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