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Article ; Online: A Review of Tissue Engineering for Periodontal Tissue Regeneration.

Ward, Emily

Journal of veterinary dentistry

2021 Volume 39, Issue 1, Page(s) 49–62

Abstract: Periodontal disease is one of the most common diagnoses in small animal veterinary medicine. This infectious disease of the periodontium is characterized by the inflammation and destruction of the supporting structures of teeth, including periodontal ... ...

Abstract	Periodontal disease is one of the most common diagnoses in small animal veterinary medicine. This infectious disease of the periodontium is characterized by the inflammation and destruction of the supporting structures of teeth, including periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone. Traditional periodontal repair techniques make use of open flap debridement, application of graft materials, and membranes to prevent epithelial downgrowth and formation of a long junctional epithelium, which inhibits regeneration and true healing. These techniques have variable efficacy and are made more challenging in veterinary patients due to the cost of treatment for clients, need for anesthesia for surgery and reevaluation, and difficulty in performing necessary diligent home care to maintain oral health. Tissue engineering focuses on methods to regenerate the periodontal apparatus and not simply to repair the tissue, with the possibility of restoring normal physiological functions and health to a previously diseased site. This paper examines tissue engineering applications in periodontal disease by discussing experimental studies that focus on dogs and other animal species where it could potentially be applied in veterinary medicine. The main areas of focus of tissue engineering are discussed, including scaffolds, signaling molecules, stem cells, and gene therapy. To date, although outcomes can still be unpredictable, tissue engineering has been proven to successfully regenerate lost periodontal tissues and this new possibility for treating veterinary patients is discussed.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Dental Cementum ; Dog Diseases ; Dogs ; Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal/veterinary ; Humans ; Periodontal Diseases/surgery ; Periodontal Diseases/veterinary ; Periodontal Ligament/physiology ; Periodontium/surgery ; Tissue Engineering/methods ; Tissue Engineering/veterinary
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2470-4083
ISSN (online)	2470-4083
DOI	10.1177/08987564211065137
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: A Review of Tissue Engineering for Periodontal Tissue Regeneration

Ward, Emily

Journal of veterinary dentistry. 2022 Mar., v. 39, no. 1

2022

Abstract	Periodontal disease is one of the most common diagnoses in small animal veterinary medicine. This infectious disease of the periodontium is characterized by the inflammation and destruction of the supporting structures of teeth, including periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone. Traditional periodontal repair techniques make use of open flap debridement, application of graft materials, and membranes to prevent epithelial downgrowth and formation of a long junctional epithelium, which inhibits regeneration and true healing. These techniques have variable efficacy and are made more challenging in veterinary patients due to the cost of treatment for clients, need for anesthesia for surgery and reevaluation, and difficulty in performing necessary diligent home care to maintain oral health. Tissue engineering focuses on methods to regenerate the periodontal apparatus and not simply to repair the tissue, with the possibility of restoring normal physiological functions and health to a previously diseased site. This paper examines tissue engineering applications in periodontal disease by discussing experimental studies that focus on dogs and other animal species where it could potentially be applied in veterinary medicine. The main areas of focus of tissue engineering are discussed, including scaffolds, signaling molecules, stem cells, and gene therapy. To date, although outcomes can still be unpredictable, tissue engineering has been proven to successfully regenerate lost periodontal tissues and this new possibility for treating veterinary patients is discussed.
Keywords	anesthesia ; debridement ; epithelium ; gene therapy ; infectious diseases ; inflammation ; ligaments ; oral health ; periodontal diseases ; surgery ; tissue repair ; veterinary dentistry
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-03
Size	p. 49-62.
Publishing place	SAGE Publications
Document type	Article
ISSN	2470-4083
DOI	10.1177/08987564211065137
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Metacognitive judgements of change detection predict change blindness.

Barnas, Adam J / Ward, Emily J

Cognition

2022 Volume 227, Page(s) 105208

Abstract: People tend to think they are not susceptible to change blindness and overestimate their ability to detect salient changes in scenes. Yet, despite their overconfidence, are individuals aware of and able to assess the relative difficulty of such changes? ... ...

Abstract	People tend to think they are not susceptible to change blindness and overestimate their ability to detect salient changes in scenes. Yet, despite their overconfidence, are individuals aware of and able to assess the relative difficulty of such changes? Here, we investigated whether participants' judgements of their ability to detect changes predicted their own change blindness. In Experiment 1, participants completed a standard change blindness task in which they viewed alternating versions of scenes until they detected what changed between the versions. Then, 6 to 7 months later, the same participants viewed the two versions and rated how likely they would be to spot the change. We found that changes rated as more likely to be spotted were detected faster than changes rated as more unlikely to be spotted. These metacognitive judgements continued to predict change blindness when accounting for low-level image properties (i.e., change size and eccentricity). In Experiment 2, we used likelihood ratings from a new group of participants to predict change blindness durations from Experiment 1. We found that there was no advantage to using participants' own metacognitive judgements compared to those from the new group to predict change blindness duration, suggesting that differences among images (rather among individuals) contribute the most to change blindness. Finally, in Experiment 3, we investigated whether metacognitive judgements are based on the semantic similarity between the versions of the scene. One group of participants described the two versions of the scenes, and an independent group rated the similarity between the descriptions. We found that changes rated as more similar were judged as being more difficult to detect than changes rated as less similar; however, semantic similarity (based on linguistic descriptions) did not predict change blindness. These findings reveal that (1) people can rate the relative difficulty of different changes and predict change blindness for different images and (2) metacognitive judgements of change detection likelihood are not fully explained by low-level and semantic image properties.
MeSH term(s)	Awareness ; Blindness ; Humans ; Judgment ; Metacognition ; Semantics
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-02
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1499940-7
ISSN	1873-7838 ; 0010-0277
ISSN (online)	1873-7838
ISSN	0010-0277
DOI	10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105208
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Realistic and complex visual chasing behaviors trigger the perception of intentionality.

Ji, Mohan / Ward, Emily J / Green, C Shawn

PloS one

2023 Volume 18, Issue 4, Page(s) e0284485

Abstract: We not only perceive the physical state of the environment, but also the causal structures underlying the physical state. Determining whether an object has intentionality is a key component of this process. Among all possible intentions, the intention ... ...

Abstract	We not only perceive the physical state of the environment, but also the causal structures underlying the physical state. Determining whether an object has intentionality is a key component of this process. Among all possible intentions, the intention that has arguably been studied the most is chasing-often via a reasonably simple and stereotyped computer algorithm ("heat-seeking"). The current study investigated the perception of multiple types of chasing approaches and thus whether it is the intention of chasing that triggers the perception of chasing, whether the chasing agent and the agent being chased play equally important roles, and whether the perception of chasing requires the presence of both agents. We implemented a well-studied wolf chasing a sheep paradigm where participants viewed recordings of a disc (the wolf) chasing another disc (the sheep) among other distracting discs. We manipulated the types of chasing algorithms, the density of the distractors, the target agent in the task, and the presence of the agent being chased. We found that the participants could successfully identify the chasing agent in all conditions where both agents were present, albeit with different levels of performance (e.g., participants were best at detecting the chasing agent when the chasing agent engaged in a direct chasing strategy and were worst at detecting a human-controlled chasing agent). This work therefore extends our understanding of the types of cues that are and are not utilized by the visual system to detect the chasing intention.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Animals ; Sheep ; Motion Perception ; Wolves ; Attention ; Cues ; Stereotyping ; Intention
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0284485
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Downgraded phenomenology: how conscious overflow lost its richness.

Ward, Emily J

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences

2018 Volume 373, Issue 1755

Abstract: Our in-the-moment experience of the world can feel vivid and rich, even when we cannot describe our experience due to limitations of attention, memory or other cognitive processes. But the nature of visual awareness is quite sparse, as suggested by the ... ...

Abstract	Our in-the-moment experience of the world can feel vivid and rich, even when we cannot describe our experience due to limitations of attention, memory or other cognitive processes. But the nature of visual awareness is quite sparse, as suggested by the phenomena of failures of awareness, such as change blindness and inattentional blindness. I will argue that once failures of memory or failures of comparison are ruled out as explanations for these phenomena, they present strong evidence against rich awareness. To accommodate and explain these massive failures of awareness, any theory of phenomenal consciousness must downgrade phenomenology to a degree where it is functionless or, ironically, does not reflect what we experience.This article is part of the theme issue 'Perceptual consciousness and cognitive access'.
MeSH term(s)	Attention ; Awareness ; Consciousness ; Humans ; Memory
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-07-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	208382-6
ISSN	1471-2970 ; 0080-4622 ; 0264-3839 ; 0962-8436
ISSN (online)	1471-2970
ISSN	0080-4622 ; 0264-3839 ; 0962-8436
DOI	10.1098/rstb.2017.0355
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Article ; Online: Hyperammonaemic encephalopathy following bariatric surgery: A case of a potentially life-threatening delayed complication.

Ward, Emily / Gifford, Hugh / Botros, Shady / Hughes, Cara

The journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh

2022 Volume 52, Issue 1, Page(s) 42–45

Abstract: Hyperammonaemia is a life-threatening condition with numerous aetiologies and a variable presentation. It is increasingly associated with bariatric weight-loss procedures and significant mortality despite treatment. Symptoms often occur long after ... ...

Abstract	Hyperammonaemia is a life-threatening condition with numerous aetiologies and a variable presentation. It is increasingly associated with bariatric weight-loss procedures and significant mortality despite treatment. Symptoms often occur long after surgery and at times in association with other trigger illnesses. Patients can present to general medicine, general practice and intensive care as well as surgical and anaesthetic teams. We present the case of a male patient who underwent a sleeve gastrectomy with subsequent weight loss and suffered from hyperammonaemic encephalopathy on multiple occasions. His delayed postoperative complication was likely to be multifactorial in nature, and this is outlined in the case. We discuss presentation, investigation, management and patient outcomes.
MeSH term(s)	Bariatric Surgery/adverse effects ; Bariatric Surgery/methods ; Brain Diseases/etiology ; Brain Diseases/surgery ; Gastrectomy/adverse effects ; Gastrectomy/methods ; Humans ; Male ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes ; Obesity, Morbid/surgery ; Postoperative Complications/diagnosis ; Postoperative Complications/etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Weight Loss
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2866363-9
ISSN	2042-8189 ; 0953-0932
ISSN (online)	2042-8189
ISSN	0953-0932
DOI	10.1177/14782715221088972
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Article ; Online: British Thoracic Society survey of the career intentions of respiratory medicine specialty trainees in the UK.

Kumar, Kartik / Dave, Kavita / Loewenthal, Lola / Ward, Emily / Addy, Charlotte

BMJ open respiratory research

2022 Volume 9, Issue 1

Abstract: There were respiratory consultant post vacancies in 82% of surveyed UK hospitals in 2021. Understanding respiratory trainees' career intentions is vital to plan and train a future respiratory workforce. In 2020, the British Thoracic Society surveyed ... ...

Abstract	There were respiratory consultant post vacancies in 82% of surveyed UK hospitals in 2021. Understanding respiratory trainees' career intentions is vital to plan and train a future respiratory workforce. In 2020, the British Thoracic Society surveyed trainee members (n=144) to assess career plans and perceived barriers and facilitators when applying for consultant posts. Most trainees (79, 55.6%) report intending to pursue UK-based posts with general internal medicine responsibilities. Consultant applications are influenced by location, hospital type, previous local experience and availability of subspecialty posts. Insufficient guidance is available regarding consultant applications.
MeSH term(s)	Career Choice ; Humans ; Intention ; Pulmonary Medicine ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United Kingdom
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2736454-9
ISSN	2052-4439 ; 2052-4439
ISSN (online)	2052-4439
ISSN	2052-4439
DOI	10.1136/bmjresp-2022-001219
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Reducing Reliance on Agency Staff = $7.7 Million in Savings and Improved Nurse Engagement.

Farrington, Michele / Ward, Emily / Dawson, Cindy

Journal of perianesthesia nursing : official journal of the American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses

2021 Volume 35, Issue 3, Page(s) 333–336

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Nursing Staff ; Nursing Staff, Hospital ; Personnel Staffing and Scheduling
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1329844-6
ISSN	1532-8473 ; 0883-9433 ; 1089-9472
ISSN (online)	1532-8473
ISSN	0883-9433 ; 1089-9472
DOI	10.1016/j.jopan.2020.02.006
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Regulation of Diseases-Associated Microglia in the Optic Nerve by Lipoxin B

Maurya, Shubham / Lin, Maggie / Karnam, Shruthi / Singh, Tanirika / Kumar, Matangi / Ward, Emily / Flanagan, John G / Gronert, Karsten

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2024

Abstract: Background: The resident astrocyte-retinal ganglion cell (RGC) lipoxin circuit is impaired during retinal stress, which includes ocular hypertension-induced neuropathy. Lipoxin B: Methods: Cellular targets and signaling of LXB: Results: Single- ... ...

Abstract	Background: The resident astrocyte-retinal ganglion cell (RGC) lipoxin circuit is impaired during retinal stress, which includes ocular hypertension-induced neuropathy. Lipoxin B Methods: Cellular targets and signaling of LXB Results: Single-cell transcriptomics identified microglia as a primary target for LXB Conclusion: We identified early and dynamic changes in the microglia functional phenotype, reactivity, and induction of a unique CD74 microglia population in the distal optic nerve as key features of ocular hypertension-induced neurodegeneration. Our findings establish microglia regulation as a novel LXB
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2024.03.18.585452
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Article: The reliability and validity of the weight-bearing lunge test in a Congenital Talipes Equinovarus population (CTEV).

Gosse, Georgia / Ward, Emily / McIntyre, Auburn / Banwell, Helen A

PeerJ

2021 Volume 9, Page(s) e10253

Abstract: Question: What is the intra and inter-rater reliability and concurrent validity of the weight-bearing lunge test within a Congenital Talipes Equinovarus population?: Design: Test retest design for reliability and validity. The measure was taken, ... ...

Abstract	Question: What is the intra and inter-rater reliability and concurrent validity of the weight-bearing lunge test within a Congenital Talipes Equinovarus population? Design: Test retest design for reliability and validity. The measure was taken, following preconditioning of the participants, using distance from wall, angle at distal posterior tibia using a digital inclinometer and the iPhone level function, twice by each rater. The raters included a clinician, clinician in training and a parent/carer. Outcome measures: Weight bearing lunge test as a measure of ankle dorsiflexion. Results: Twelve children aged 5-10 years were eligible to participate and consented, along with their parents. Intra-reliability of distance measures for all raters were good to excellent (ICC clinician 0.95, ICC training clinician 0.98 and ICC parent 0.89). Intra-rater reliability of the iPhone for all raters was good (ICCs > 0.751) and good to excellent for the inclinometer (ICC clinician 0.87, ICC training clinician 0.90). Concurrent validity between the clinician's and parents distance measure was also high with ICC of 0.899. Inter-rater reliability was excellent for distance measure (ICC = 0.948), good for the inclinometer (ICC = 0.801) and moderate for the iPhone (ICC = 0.68). Standard error of measurement ranged from 0.70-2.05, whilst the minimal detectable change ranged from 1.90-5.70. Conclusion: The use of the WBLT within this CTEV population has demonstrated good to excellent reliability and validity amongst clinicians, clinicians in training and parents/carers, supporting its use as an assessment measure of dorsiflexion range of motion. There is support for parents/carers to use the WBLT at home as a monitoring assessment measure which may assist with early detection of a relapse. Trial registration: University of South Australia's ethics committee (ID: 201397); Women's and Children's Hospital ethics committee (AU/1/4BD7310).
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2703241-3
ISSN	2167-8359
ISSN	2167-8359
DOI	10.7717/peerj.10253
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