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Article: Quantum transport in functionalized epitaxial graphene without electrostatic gating

Lock, E.H / Prestigiacomo, J.C / Dev, P / Nath, A / Myers-Ward, R.L / Reinecke, T.L / Gaskill, D.K / Osofsky, M.S

Carbon. 2021 Apr. 30, v. 175

2021

Abstract: Graphene, the first isolated two-dimensional material, has captivated researchers for the last decade due to its unique structure that leads to novel electronic, chemical, mechanical, and thermal properties. The most intriguing properties are the large ... ...

Abstract	Graphene, the first isolated two-dimensional material, has captivated researchers for the last decade due to its unique structure that leads to novel electronic, chemical, mechanical, and thermal properties. The most intriguing properties are the large electronic mobilities that are achievable for low carrier concentrations and the large tunability of graphene’s electrical properties via electrostatic gating, in which the Fermi energy is shifted relative to the charge neutrality, or Dirac, point and the high electronic mobilities obtained when the Fermi energy is close to that point. In this report, we show that both covalent and non-covalent functionalization of graphene leads to adsorbate-induced doping. This results in a three-fold increase in the graphene systems’ mobilities and the observation of quantum transport phenomena (Hall effect plateaus, Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations, and Berry’s phase) which were not observed in the unfunctionalized graphene. This ability to control the electronic properties without electrostatic gating is critical for chemical and biological sensing, optical, and electronic applications, which require both low carrier concentrations and the attachment of nanocrystals, biomolecules, increased adhesion and wettability of graphene layers, and enable strong cohesion between graphene layers in stacked graphene structures.
Keywords	adhesion ; biochemical compounds ; cohesion ; energy ; graphene ; nanocrystals ; wettability
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0430
Size	p. 490-498.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ISSN	0008-6223
DOI	10.1016/j.carbon.2020.09.077
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Understanding how the properties of whey protein stabilized emulsions depend on pH, ionic strength and calcium concentration, by mapping environmental conditions to zeta potential

Ravindran, S. / Williams, M. A. K. / Ward, R. L. / Gillies, G.

Food hydrocolloids

2018 Volume 79, Issue -, Page(s) 572–578

Language	English
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	742742-6
ISSN	0268-005X
Database	Current Contents Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article ; Online: Constitutional (germline) MLH1 epimutation as an aetiological mechanism for hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer.

Hitchins, M P / Ward, R L

Journal of medical genetics

2009 Volume 46, Issue 12, Page(s) 793–802

Abstract: Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is an autosomal dominant syndrome characterised by a predisposition to early onset colorectal, endometrial and other cancers. The tumours typically exhibit microsatellite instability due to defective ... ...

Abstract	Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is an autosomal dominant syndrome characterised by a predisposition to early onset colorectal, endometrial and other cancers. The tumours typically exhibit microsatellite instability due to defective mismatch repair. HNPCC is classically caused by heterozygous loss-of-function mutations within the mismatch repair genes MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2, but no pathogenic mutations are identified in a third of cases. In recent years, constitutional epimutations of the MLH1 gene, characterised by soma-wide allele specific promoter methylation and transcriptional silencing, have been identified in a handful of mutation negative HNPCC cases. In contrast to genetic mutations, MLH1 epimutations are reversible between generations and thus display non-Mendelian inheritance. This review focuses on the aetiological role of constitutional MLH1 epimutations in the development of HNPCC related cancers. The molecular characteristics, clinical ramifications and potential mechanism underlying this defect are discussed. Recommendations for the selection of cases warranting screening for MLH1 epimutations are proffered.
MeSH term(s)	Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics ; Base Sequence ; Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis/genetics ; Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis/pathology ; DNA Mismatch Repair ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Germ-Line Mutation ; Humans ; Microsatellite Instability ; Molecular Sequence Data ; MutL Protein Homolog 1 ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics
Chemical Substances	Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; MLH1 protein, human ; Nuclear Proteins ; MutL Protein Homolog 1 (EC 3.6.1.3)
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	220881-7
ISSN	1468-6244 ; 0022-2593
ISSN (online)	1468-6244
ISSN	0022-2593
DOI	10.1136/jmg.2009.068122
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Article ; Online: Implementing a web-based oncology protocol system in Australia: evaluation of the first 3 years of operation.

Hains, I M / Ward, R L / Pearson, S-A

Internal medicine journal

2012 Volume 42, Issue 1, Page(s) 57–64

Abstract: Background: EviQ is a web-based oncology protocol system launched across Australia in 2005 (http://www.eviq.org.au). We evaluated eviQ use at the point-of-care and determined the factors impacting on its uptake and routine use in the first three years ... ...

Abstract	Background: EviQ is a web-based oncology protocol system launched across Australia in 2005 (http://www.eviq.org.au). We evaluated eviQ use at the point-of-care and determined the factors impacting on its uptake and routine use in the first three years of operation. Methods: We conducted a suite of qualitative and quantitative studies with over 200 Australian oncology physicians, nurses and pharmacists working at treatment centres in diverse geographical locations. Results: EviQ was part of routine care at many hospitals; however, the way in which it was used at the point-of-care varies according to clinician roles and hospital location. We identified a range of factors impacting on eviQ uptake and routine use. Infrastructure, such as availability of point-of-care computers, and formal policies endorsing eviQ are fundamental to increasing uptake. Furthermore, the level of clinical and computer experience of end-users, the attitudes and behaviour of clinicians, endorsement and promotion strategies, and level and type of eviQ education all need to be considered and managed to ensure that the system is being used to its full potential. Conclusion: Our findings show that the dissemination of web-based treatment protocols does not guarantee widespread use. Organisational, environmental and clinician-specific factors play a role in uptake and utilisation. The deployment of sufficient computer infrastructure, implementation of targeted training programmes and hospital policies and investment in marketing approaches are fundamental to uptake and continued use. This study highlights the value of ongoing monitoring and evaluation to ensure systems like eviQ achieve their primary purpose - reducing treatment variation and improving quality of care.
MeSH term(s)	Attitude of Health Personnel ; Attitude to Computers ; Australia ; Cancer Care Facilities/statistics & numerical data ; Clinical Protocols ; Focus Groups ; Health Care Surveys ; Hospitals/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Internet ; Interviews as Topic ; Medical Oncology/organization & administration ; Medical Staff, Hospital/psychology ; Microcomputers/supply & distribution ; Nursing Staff, Hospital/psychology ; Oncology Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data ; Pharmacists/psychology ; Point-of-Care Systems/utilization ; Program Evaluation ; Quality Improvement
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-01
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Evaluation Studies ; Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2045436-3
ISSN	1445-5994 ; 1444-0903
ISSN (online)	1445-5994
ISSN	1444-0903
DOI	10.1111/j.1445-5994.2010.02284.x
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Zs.A 792: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article: Dealing with dental diversity.

Ward, R L

Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons

1999 Volume 57, Issue 8, Page(s) 1027

MeSH term(s)	Cultural Diversity ; Humans ; Minority Groups ; Students, Dental ; Surgery, Oral/education ; United States
Language	English
Publishing date	1999-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comment ; Letter
ZDB-ID	392404-x
ISSN	1531-5053 ; 0278-2391
ISSN (online)	1531-5053
ISSN	0278-2391
DOI	10.1016/s0278-2391(99)90054-x
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Article: Reduced nuclear DNA methylation and mitochondrial transcript changes in adenomas do not associate with mtDNA methylation.

Morris, M J / Hesson, L B / Poulos, R C / Ward, R L / Wong, J W H / Youngson, N A

Biomarker research

2018 Volume 6, Page(s) 37

Abstract: Background: Altered mitochondrial function and large-scale changes to DNA methylation patterns in the nuclear genome are both hallmarks of colorectal cancer (CRC). Mitochondria have multiple copies of a 16 kb circular genome that contains genes that are ...

Abstract	Background: Altered mitochondrial function and large-scale changes to DNA methylation patterns in the nuclear genome are both hallmarks of colorectal cancer (CRC). Mitochondria have multiple copies of a 16 kb circular genome that contains genes that are vital for their function. While DNA methylation is known to alter the nuclear genome in CRC, it is not clear whether it could have a similar influence in mtDNA; indeed, currently, the issue of whether mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) methylation occurs is controversial. Thus our goal here was to determine whether the methylation state of mtDNA is linked to mitochondrial gene transcription in colorectal adenomas, and to assess its suitability as a biomarker in CRC. Methods: To investigate the relationship between DNA methylation and mitochondrial transcripts in adenomas, we performed RNA-sequencing and Whole Genome Bisulphite Sequencing (WGBS) of mtDNA-enriched DNA from normal mucosa and paired adenoma patient samples. Results: Transcriptional profiling indicated that adenomas had reduced mitochondrial proton transport versus normal mucosa, consistent with altered mitochondrial function. The expression of 3 tRNAs that are transcribed from mtDNA were also decreased in adenoma. Overall methylation of CG dinucleotides in the nuclear genome was reduced in adenomas (68%) compared to normal mucosa (75%, Conclusions: We provide evidence that low-level methylation of specific sites does exist in the mitochondrial genome but that it is not associated with mitochondrial gene transcription changes in adenomas. Furthermore, as no large scale changes to mtDNA methylation were observed it is unlikely to be a suitable biomarker for early-stage CRC.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-12-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2699926-2
ISSN	2050-7771
ISSN	2050-7771
DOI	10.1186/s40364-018-0151-x
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Tunable narrow-linewidth laser at 2 μm wavelength for gravitational wave detector research.

Kapasi, D P / Eichholz, J / McRae, T / Ward, R L / Slagmolen, B J J / Legge, S / Hardman, K S / Altin, P A / McClelland, D E

Optics express

2020 Volume 28, Issue 3, Page(s) 3280–3288

Abstract: We present and characterize a narrow-linewidth external-cavity diode laser at 2 μm, and show that it represents a low-cost, high-performance alternative to fiber lasers for research into 2 μm photonic technologies for next-generation gravitational-wave ... ...

Abstract	We present and characterize a narrow-linewidth external-cavity diode laser at 2 μm, and show that it represents a low-cost, high-performance alternative to fiber lasers for research into 2 μm photonic technologies for next-generation gravitational-wave detectors. A linewidth of 20 kHz for a 10 ms integration time was measured without any active stabilization, with frequency noise of ∼ 15 Hz/Hz between 3 kHz and 100 kHz. This performance is suitable for the generation of quantum squeezed light, and we measure intensity noise comparable to that of master oscillators used in current gravitational wave interferometers. The laser wavelength is tunable over a 120 nm range, and both the frequency and intensity can be modulated at up to 10 MHz by modulating the diode current. These features also make it suitable for other emerging applications in the 2 μm wavelength region including gas sensing, optical communications and LIDAR.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1491859-6
ISSN	1094-4087 ; 1094-4087
ISSN (online)	1094-4087
ISSN	1094-4087
DOI	10.1364/OE.383685
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Mechanisms of protection against rotavirus in humans and mice.

Ward, R L

The Journal of infectious diseases

1996 Volume 174 Suppl 1, Page(s) S51–8

Abstract: Immune responses following either natural or experimental rotavirus infection provide protection against subsequent rotavirus illnesses, and the mechanisms involved have been examined in humans and animals. In adult volunteers challenged with human ... ...

Abstract	Immune responses following either natural or experimental rotavirus infection provide protection against subsequent rotavirus illnesses, and the mechanisms involved have been examined in humans and animals. In adult volunteers challenged with human rotaviruses, protection has been shown to correlate with serum and intestinal antibodies; however, titers of no specific antibody could be used reliably as a marker of protection, including neutralizing antibody to the challenge virus. Studies in children confirmed these general associations between antibody titers and protection, but the serotype specificity of antibody and its role in protection remained unclear. Studies in mice suggested antibody, CD8 cells, and a third, undetermined, factor as mediators of protection. Antibody appeared to be most important, both in resolution of infection and protection against subsequent infection, but its activity was not serotype specific. CD8 cells helped resolve rotavirus infection but were less important in protection against reinfection. The third factor remains to be identified.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Child ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Humans ; Infant ; Mice ; Multicenter Studies as Topic ; Rotavirus/immunology ; Rotavirus Infections/immunology ; Rotavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Viral Vaccines/immunology
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Viral ; Viral Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	1996-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	3019-3
ISSN	1537-6613 ; 0022-1899
ISSN (online)	1537-6613
ISSN	0022-1899
DOI	10.1093/infdis/174.supplement_1.s51
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Article ; Online: A robust single-beam optical trap for a gram-scale mechanical oscillator.

Altin, P A / Nguyen, T T-H / Slagmolen, B J J / Ward, R L / Shaddock, D A / McClelland, D E

Scientific reports

2017 Volume 7, Issue 1, Page(s) 14546

Abstract: Precise optical control of microscopic particles has been mastered over the past three decades, with atoms, molecules and nano-particles now routinely trapped and cooled with extraordinary precision, enabling rapid progress in the study of quantum ... ...

Abstract	Precise optical control of microscopic particles has been mastered over the past three decades, with atoms, molecules and nano-particles now routinely trapped and cooled with extraordinary precision, enabling rapid progress in the study of quantum phenomena. Achieving the same level of control over macroscopic objects is expected to bring further advances in precision measurement, quantum information processing and fundamental tests of quantum mechanics. However, cavity optomechanical systems dominated by radiation pressure - so-called 'optical springs' - are inherently unstable due to the delayed dynamical response of the cavity. Here we demonstrate a fully stable, single-beam optical trap for a gram-scale mechanical oscillator. The interaction of radiation pressure with thermo-optic feedback generates damping that exceeds the mechanical loss by four orders of magnitude. The stability of the resultant spring is robust to changes in laser power and detuning, and allows purely passive self-locking of the cavity. Our results open up a new way of trapping and cooling macroscopic objects for optomechanical experiments.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-11-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-017-15179-x
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Squeezed vacuum phase control at 2 μm.

Yap, M J / Gould, D W / McRae, T G / Altin, P A / Kijbunchoo, N / Mansell, G L / Ward, R L / Shaddock, D A / Slagmolen, B J J / McClelland, D E

Optics letters

2019 Volume 44, Issue 21, Page(s) 5386–5389

Abstract: We demonstrate phase control for vacuum-squeezed light at a 2 μm wavelength, which is a necessary technology for proposed future gravitational wave observatories. The control scheme allowed examination of noise behavior at frequencies below 1 kHz and ... ...

Abstract	We demonstrate phase control for vacuum-squeezed light at a 2 μm wavelength, which is a necessary technology for proposed future gravitational wave observatories. The control scheme allowed examination of noise behavior at frequencies below 1 kHz and indicated that squeezing below this frequency was limited by dark noise and scattered light. We directly measure 3.9±0.2 dB of squeezing from 2 kHz to 80 kHz and 14.2±0.3 dB of antisqueezing relative to the shot noise level. The observed maximum level of squeezing is currently limited by photodetector quantum efficiency and laser instabilities at this new wavelength for squeezed light. Accounting for all losses, we conclude the generation of 11.3 dB of squeezing at the optical parametric oscillator.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-10-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1539-4794
ISSN (online)	1539-4794
DOI	10.1364/OL.44.005386
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