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Article: Assessing Decision Support Tools for Mitigating Tail Biting in Pork Production: Current Progress and Future Directions.

Ward, Sophia A / Pluske, John R / Plush, Kate J / Pluske, Jo M / Rikard-Bell, Charles V

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI

2024 Volume 14, Issue 2

Abstract: Tail biting (TB) in pigs is a complex issue that can be caused by multiple factors, making it difficult to determine the exact etiology on a case-by-case basis. As such, it is often difficult to pinpoint the reason, or set of reasons, for TB events, ... ...

Abstract	Tail biting (TB) in pigs is a complex issue that can be caused by multiple factors, making it difficult to determine the exact etiology on a case-by-case basis. As such, it is often difficult to pinpoint the reason, or set of reasons, for TB events, Decision Support Tools (DSTs) can be used to identify possible risk factors of TB on farms and provide suitable courses of action. The aim of this review was to identify DSTs that could be used to predict the risk of TB behavior. Additionally, technologies that can be used to support DSTs, with monitoring and tracking the prevalence of TB behaviors, are reviewed. Using the PRISMA methodology to identify sources, the applied selection process found nine DSTs related to TB in pigs. All support tools relied on secondary information, either by way of the scientific literature or expert opinions, to determine risk factors for TB predictions. Only one DST was validated by external sources, seven were self-assessed by original developers, and one presented no evidence of validation. This analysis better understands the limitations of DSTs and highlights an opportunity for the development of DSTs that rely on objective data derived from the environment, animals, and humans simultaneously to predict TB risks. Moreover, an opportunity exists for the incorporation of monitoring technologies for TB detection into a DST.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-10
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2606558-7
ISSN	2076-2615
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani14020224
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Are Larger Litters a Concern for Piglet Survival or an Effectively Manageable Trait?

Ward, Sophia A / Kirkwood, Roy N / Plush, Kate J

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI

2020 Volume 10, Issue 2

Abstract: As sows continue to be selected for greater prolificacy, it is important to review problems that arise in larger litters, and whether these issues can be appropriately managed. Although a proportion of piglets in larger litters can be born underweight, ... ...

Abstract	As sows continue to be selected for greater prolificacy, it is important to review problems that arise in larger litters, and whether these issues can be appropriately managed. Although a proportion of piglets in larger litters can be born underweight, proper supervision around farrowing and adequate colostrum intake has the potential to improve the survival of low-birth-weight piglets and their ongoing growth to weaning. As larger litters can impart greater stress and discomfort on sows, implementing a low-stress environment leading up to parturition may improve sow performance and subsequent survival of piglets. Additionally, treating sows with anti-inflammatory compounds, either dietary or pharmacologically, shows some promise for alleviating sow discomfort and improving piglet survival in larger litters. Understanding that selecting sows for larger litters not only affects piglet survival but the well-being of the sow, the decision to continue selecting for larger litters, regardless of management strategies, remains a topic of ethical concern.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-17
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2606558-7
ISSN	2076-2615
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani10020309
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Article: Effect of Dexamethasone and Route of Administration on Sow Farrowing Behaviours, Piglet Delivery and Litter Performance.

Ward, Sophia A / Kirkwood, Roy N / Song, Yunmei / Garg, Sanjay / Plush, Kate J

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI

2022 Volume 12, Issue 7

Abstract: The inflammatory pain and stress some crated sows experience during farrowing has attendant risks of piglet-directed aggression, reduced teat exposure and hindered post-partum recovery. To counter this, the steroidal anti-inflammatory compound, ... ...

Abstract	The inflammatory pain and stress some crated sows experience during farrowing has attendant risks of piglet-directed aggression, reduced teat exposure and hindered post-partum recovery. To counter this, the steroidal anti-inflammatory compound, dexamethasone, can be administered. To measure the potential for mucosal absorption as an alternative to injection, the permeability of porcine vaginal mucosa to dexamethasone was demonstrated using Franz cell diffusion. These studies found dexamethasone treatment diffused through vaginal mucosa at a constant rate, with 52.37 ± 5.54% permeation in 6 h. To examine in vivo effects on farrowing outcomes, dexamethasone was administered to gilts and parity one sows on the day of expected farrowing. We hypothesized that it would provide relief from farrowing discomfort and reduce behaviours threatening piglet survival. Sows were randomly assigned to receive dexamethasone as an intramuscular injection (n = 23); dexamethasone applied topically into the vagina (n = 20), or to receive no dexamethasone (n = 23). Sows (n = 66) and piglets (n = 593) were monitored for performance indicators during farrowing and early lactation. A subset of sows (n = 24) was also video monitored continuously over 24 h for behaviours associated with pain, postural changes and piglet interactions. No differences were observed between treatment for farrowing performance, piglet survival or behavioural changes for sows experiencing their first or second farrowing (p > 0.05), rejecting the hypothesis that corticosteroid administration will improve sow farrowing performance. This investigation did, however, show that dexamethasone can permeate through porcine vaginal mucosa and so can be administered as a non-injectable treatment.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-28
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2606558-7
ISSN	2076-2615
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani12070847
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Article: Development of a Novel Vaginal Drug Delivery System to Control Time of Farrowing and Allow Supervision of Piglet Delivery.

Ward, Sophia A / Kirkwood, Roy N / Plush, Kate J / Abdella, Sadikalmahdi / Song, Yunmei / Garg, Sanjay

Pharmaceutics

2022 Volume 14, Issue 2

Abstract: The swine industry has evolved significantly in the recent decades, but this has come at considerable expense to piglet survival. Breeding sows for greater prolificacy has been accompanied by a greater proportion of piglets being born underweight, of ... ...

Abstract	The swine industry has evolved significantly in the recent decades, but this has come at considerable expense to piglet survival. Breeding sows for greater prolificacy has been accompanied by a greater proportion of piglets being born underweight, of lower vigor, and higher susceptibility to early mortality. Inducing sows to farrow during working hours has the potential to increase piglet survivability, but non-therapeutic injectable products are often discouraged on farms. We aimed to design and develop a novel vaginal drug delivery system (NVDDS) that could reliably trigger luteolysis and induce parturition. To achieve this, two vaginal tablets containing the luteolytic agent cloprostenol were formulated to be inserted together: one would release constituents immediately on insertion (immediate release; IR) and the other would release cloprostenol in a controlled manner (controlled release; CR). The two formulations (IR and CR) were evaluated for drug release, swelling and bio-adhesion in conditions simulating the sow vaginal environment. The IR tablet released the drug completely for 5 min whereas the CR tablet took 5 h to release 50% of the drug. Furthermore, the release kinetics were evaluated by fitting the dissolution profiles into different mathematical models. Both IR and CR tablets were best fitted by the Makoid-Banakar model which assumes release by summation of different mechanisms. The performance of the optimized formulations was studied in vivo with 161 Large White x Landrace sows of varying parity (0-5). The sows were assigned to five groups. Group 1 (SI) received a single vulval injection of cloprostenol at 0700 h (
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-31
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2527217-2
ISSN	1999-4923
ISSN	1999-4923
DOI	10.3390/pharmaceutics14020340
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Article ; Online: Effects of oxytocin and carbetocin on farrowing performance.

Ward, Sophia A / Kirkwood, R N / Plush, K L

Animal reproduction science

2019 Volume 205, Page(s) 88–93

Abstract: During sow parturition, there is need for an alternative uterotonic to oxytocin with less potency so piglets are not at risk of hypoxia and stillbirth. In this study, there was examination of carbetocin, a longer lasting analogue of oxytocin, and whether ...

Abstract	During sow parturition, there is need for an alternative uterotonic to oxytocin with less potency so piglets are not at risk of hypoxia and stillbirth. In this study, there was examination of carbetocin, a longer lasting analogue of oxytocin, and whether the lesser contractile force and duration resulting as a consequence of this treatment would improve piglet survivability. Following delivery of the first piglet, sows were serially assigned by parity to receive injections of 10 IU oxytocin (n = 35), 0.07 mg carbetocin (n = 36), or serve as a non-injected control (n = 30). The incidence of dystocia and stillbirths was recorded. To estimate liveborn piglet viability, umbilical cord blood samples were obtained from pigs 1, 2, 3 and 8, 9, 10, and lactate content was quantified to assess hypoxia during delivery. A blood sample collected at 24 h was assayed for total protein in plasma (%) as an indicator of colostrum intake. Treatment with oxytocin and carbetocin reduced farrowing duration (P = 0.023) and sows treated with carbetocin had piglets with the least umbilical cord blood lactate (P = 0.008) and plasma protein (P = 0.005) concentrations. These data indicate carbetocin has the efficacy to accelerate piglet delivery and reduce piglet hypoxia, although the reason for reduced plasma protein with this treatment remains unexplained.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Female ; Fetal Blood/chemistry ; Hypoxia/blood ; Hypoxia/ethnology ; Hypoxia/prevention & control ; Hypoxia/veterinary ; Lactic Acid/blood ; Oxytocics/pharmacology ; Oxytocin/analogs & derivatives ; Oxytocin/pharmacology ; Parturition/drug effects ; Pregnancy ; Swine
Chemical Substances	Oxytocics ; Lactic Acid (33X04XA5AT) ; Oxytocin (50-56-6) ; carbetocin (88TWF8015Y)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-04-23
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Clinical Trial, Veterinary ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	429674-6
ISSN	1873-2232 ; 0378-4320
ISSN (online)	1873-2232
ISSN	0378-4320
DOI	10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.04.007
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Are Larger Litters a Concern for Piglet Survival or An Effectively Manageable Trait?

Ward, Sophia A / Kirkwood, Roy N / Plush, Kate J

Animals. 2020 Feb. 17, v. 10, no. 2

2020

Abstract	As sows continue to be selected for greater prolificacy, it is important to review problems that arise in larger litters, and whether these issues can be appropriately managed. Although a proportion of piglets in larger litters can be born underweight, proper supervision around farrowing and adequate colostrum intake has the potential to improve the survival of low-birth-weight piglets and their ongoing growth to weaning. As larger litters can impart greater stress and discomfort on sows, implementing a low-stress environment leading up to parturition may improve sow performance and subsequent survival of piglets. Additionally, treating sows with anti-inflammatory compounds, either dietary or pharmacologically, shows some promise for alleviating sow discomfort and improving piglet survival in larger litters. Understanding that selecting sows for larger litters not only affects piglet survival but the well-being of the sow, the decision to continue selecting for larger litters, regardless of management strategies, remains a topic of ethical concern.
Keywords	colostrum ; ethics ; low birth weight ; piglets ; underweight
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0217
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-light
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani10020309
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: SARM1 Ablation Is Protective and Preserves Spatial Vision in an In Vivo Mouse Model of Retinal Ganglion Cell Degeneration.

Finnegan, Laura K / Chadderton, Naomi / Kenna, Paul F / Palfi, Arpad / Carty, Michael / Bowie, Andrew G / Millington-Ward, Sophia / Farrar, G Jane

International journal of molecular sciences

2022 Volume 23, Issue 3

Abstract: The challenge of developing gene therapies for genetic forms of blindness is heightened by the heterogeneity of these conditions. However, mechanistic commonalities indicate key pathways that may be targeted in a gene-independent approach. Mitochondrial ... ...

Abstract	The challenge of developing gene therapies for genetic forms of blindness is heightened by the heterogeneity of these conditions. However, mechanistic commonalities indicate key pathways that may be targeted in a gene-independent approach. Mitochondrial dysfunction and axon degeneration are common features of many neurodegenerative conditions including retinal degenerations. Here we explore the neuroprotective effect afforded by the absence of sterile alpha and Toll/interleukin-1 receptor motif-containing 1 (SARM1), a prodegenerative NADase, in a rotenone-induced mouse model of retinal ganglion cell loss and visual dysfunction.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Armadillo Domain Proteins/genetics ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/genetics ; Disease Models, Animal ; Energy Metabolism ; Female ; Fibroblasts/cytology ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Oxygen Consumption ; Primary Cell Culture ; Retinal Degeneration/chemically induced ; Retinal Degeneration/genetics ; Retinal Degeneration/prevention & control ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/physiology ; Rotenone/adverse effects
Chemical Substances	Armadillo Domain Proteins ; Cytoskeletal Proteins ; SARM1 protein, mouse ; Rotenone (03L9OT429T)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-30
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms23031606
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Article: AAV-PHP.eB transduces both the inner and outer retina with high efficacy in mice.

Palfi, Arpad / Chadderton, Naomi / Millington-Ward, Sophia / Post, Iris / Humphries, Pete / Kenna, Paul F / Farrar, G Jane

Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development

2022 Volume 25, Page(s) 236–249

Abstract: Recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are one of the main gene delivery vehicles used in retinal gene therapy approaches; however, there is a need to further improve the efficacy, tropism, and safety of these vectors. In this study, using a ... ...

Abstract	Recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are one of the main gene delivery vehicles used in retinal gene therapy approaches; however, there is a need to further improve the efficacy, tropism, and safety of these vectors. In this study, using a CMV-EGFP expression cassette, we characterize the retinal utility of AAV-PHP.eB, a serotype recently developed by
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2872938-9
ISSN	2329-0501 ; 2329-0501
ISSN (online)	2329-0501
ISSN	2329-0501
DOI	10.1016/j.omtm.2022.03.016
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Article: Optimisation of AAV-NDI1 Significantly Enhances Its Therapeutic Value for Correcting Retinal Mitochondrial Dysfunction.

Chadderton, Naomi / Palfi, Arpad / Maloney, Daniel M / Carrigan, Matthew / Finnegan, Laura K / Hanlon, Killian S / Shortall, Ciara / O'Reilly, Mary / Humphries, Peter / Cassidy, Lorraine / Kenna, Paul F / Millington-Ward, Sophia / Farrar, G Jane

Pharmaceutics

2023 Volume 15, Issue 2

Abstract: AAV gene therapy for ocular disease has become a reality with the market authorisation of ... ...

Abstract	AAV gene therapy for ocular disease has become a reality with the market authorisation of Luxturna
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-18
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2527217-2
ISSN	1999-4923
ISSN	1999-4923
DOI	10.3390/pharmaceutics15020322
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Article ; Online: RPE-Directed Gene Therapy Improves Mitochondrial Function in Murine Dry AMD Models.

Millington-Ward, Sophia / Chadderton, Naomi / Finnegan, Laura K / Post, Iris J M / Carrigan, Matthew / Nixon, Rachel / Humphries, Marian M / Humphries, Pete / Kenna, Paul F / Palfi, Arpad / Farrar, G Jane

International journal of molecular sciences

2023 Volume 24, Issue 4

Abstract: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of blindness in the aged population. However, to date there is no effective treatment for the dry form of the disease, representing 85-90% of cases. AMD is an immensely complex disease which ...

Abstract	Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of blindness in the aged population. However, to date there is no effective treatment for the dry form of the disease, representing 85-90% of cases. AMD is an immensely complex disease which affects, amongst others, both retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptor cells and leads to the progressive loss of central vision. Mitochondrial dysfunction in both RPE and photoreceptor cells is emerging as a key player in the disease. There are indications that during disease progression, the RPE is first impaired and RPE dysfunction in turn leads to subsequent photoreceptor cell degeneration; however, the exact sequence of events has not as yet been fully determined. We recently showed that AAV delivery of an optimised NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (NDI1) gene, a nuclear-encoded complex 1 equivalent from
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Animals ; Humans ; Mice ; Electron Transport Complex I/metabolism ; Genetic Therapy/methods ; Geographic Atrophy/genetics ; Geographic Atrophy/therapy ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics
Chemical Substances	Electron Transport Complex I (EC 7.1.1.2) ; Ndi1 protein, S cerevisiae ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms24043847
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