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  1. Article ; Online: To trust or not to trust: an exploratory qualitative study of personal and community perceptions of vaccines amongst a group of young community healthcare workers in Soweto, South Africa.

    Watermeyer, Jennifer / Scott, Megan / Kapueja, Lethu / Ware, Lisa Jayne

    Health policy and planning

    2022  Volume 37, Issue 9, Page(s) 1167–1176

    Abstract: As South Africa debates the implementation of mandatory vaccination policies to address coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine hesitancy, many adults remain unpersuaded of the need and benefits of vaccination. Several surveys suggest that this is ... ...

    Abstract As South Africa debates the implementation of mandatory vaccination policies to address coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine hesitancy, many adults remain unpersuaded of the need and benefits of vaccination. Several surveys suggest that this is particularly true for younger adults and for those living in low-income communities. Therefore, we sought the views of youth training to become community health workers (CHWs) as a youth group at the intersection of the community and the health system. This research was conducted in a township of South Africa, a country with a long history of political mistrust. Using semi-structured interviews and an interview guide, we explored young CHWs' perceptions (n = 20) of vaccine hesitancy for themselves, their peers and the community. Audio-recorded interviews were transcribed, and thematic analysis was undertaken. Findings suggest widespread COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in this community, especially amongst young people. Reported reasons for this hesitancy appear linked to a complex interrelated network of factors, including 'uncertainty' about the outcome and effectiveness of the vaccines; 'fear' of the vaccines, driven by a myriad of rumours and conspiracy theories within the community; a 'lack of control' over other people's behaviour and a desire not to be controlled especially by the government but at the same time a resignation towards impending mandatory vaccine policies and a 'lack of trust' particularly in the government's intentions with vaccine roll-out and their health messaging. While mandatory vaccination policies in several organizations have shown success, with South Africa's complex social history and recent civil unrest, the roll-out of any mandatory vaccination policy will require careful health messaging with a focus on trust-building between communities, health systems and authorities through more personalized approaches that consider contextual nuances.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Community Health Services ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; South Africa ; Vaccination ; Vaccines
    Chemical Substances COVID-19 Vaccines ; Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632896-9
    ISSN 1460-2237 ; 0268-1080
    ISSN (online) 1460-2237
    ISSN 0268-1080
    DOI 10.1093/heapol/czac060
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Integrated health system intervention aimed at reducing type 2 diabetes risk in women after gestational diabetes in South Africa (IINDIAGO): a randomised controlled trial protocol.

    Norris, Shane A / Zarowsky, Christina / Murphy, Katherine / Ware, Lisa Jayne / Lombard, Carl / Matjila, Mushi / Chivese, Tawanda / Muhwava, Lorrein Shamiso / Mutabazi, Jean Claude / Harbron, Janetta / Fairall, Lara R / Lambert, Estelle / Levitt, Naomi

    BMJ open

    2024  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) e073316

    Abstract: Introduction: South Africa has a high prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM; 15%) and many of these women (48%) progress to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) within 5 years post partum. A significant proportion (47%) of the women are not aware ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: South Africa has a high prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM; 15%) and many of these women (48%) progress to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) within 5 years post partum. A significant proportion (47%) of the women are not aware of their diabetes status after the index pregnancy, which may be in part to low postnatal diabetes screening rates. Therefore, we aim to evaluate a intervention that reduces the subsequent risk of developing T2DM among women with recent GDM. Our objectives are fourfold: (1) compare the completion of the nationally recommended 6-week postpartum oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) between intervention and control groups; (2) compare the diabetes risk reduction between control and intervention groups at 12 months' post partum; (3) assess the process of implementation; and (4) assess the cost-effectiveness of the proposed intervention package.
    Methods and analyses: Convergent parallel mixed-methods study with the main component being a pragmatic, 2-arm individually randomised controlled trial, which will be carried out at five major referral centres and up to 26 well-baby clinics in the Western Cape and Gauteng provinces of South Africa. Participants (n=370) with GDM (with no prior history of either type 1 or type 2 diabetes) will be recruited into the study at 24-36 weeks' gestational age, at which stage first data collection will take place. Subsequent data collection will take place at 6-8 weeks after delivery and again at 12 months. The primary outcome for the trial is twofold: first, the completion of the recommended 2-hour OGTT at the well-baby clinics 6-8 weeks post partum, and second, a composite diabetes risk reduction indicator at 12 months. Process evaluation will assess fidelity, acceptability, and dose of the intervention.
    Ethics and dissemination: Ethics approval has been granted from University of Cape Town (829/2016), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (M170228), University of Stellenbosch (N17/04/032) and the University of Montreal (2019-794). The results of the trial will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals and presentations to key South African Government stakeholders and health service providers.
    Protocol version: 1 December 2022 (version #2). Any protocol amendments will be communicated to investigators, Human Ethics Research Committees, trial participants, and trial registries.
    Trial registration number: PAN African Clinical Trials Registry (https://pactr.samrc.ac.za) on 11 June 2018 (identifier PACTR201805003336174).
    MeSH term(s) Infant ; Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans ; Diabetes, Gestational/epidemiology ; Diabetes, Gestational/prevention & control ; South Africa/epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/prevention & control ; Government Programs ; Delivery of Health Care, Integrated ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Clinical Trial Protocol ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2599832-8
    ISSN 2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
    ISSN (online) 2044-6055
    ISSN 2044-6055
    DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073316
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Integrating Gestational Diabetes Screening and Care and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Prevention After GDM Into Community Based Primary Health Care in South Africa-Mixed Method Study.

    Mutabazi, Jean Claude / Bonong, Pascal Roland Enok / Trottier, Helen / Ware, Lisa Jayne / Norris, Shane / Murphy, Katherine / Levitt, Naomi / Zarowsky, Christina

    International journal of integrated care

    2022  Volume 22, Issue 3, Page(s) 20

    Abstract: Background: Despite high gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) prevalence in South Africa (9.1% in 2018), its screening and management are not well integrated into routine primary health care and poorly linked to post-GDM prevention of type 2 diabetes ... ...

    Abstract Background: Despite high gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) prevalence in South Africa (9.1% in 2018), its screening and management are not well integrated into routine primary health care and poorly linked to post-GDM prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in South Africa's fragmented health system. This study explored women's, health care providers' and experts' experiences and perspectives on current and potential integration of GDM screening and prevention of T2DM post-GDM within routine, community-based primary health care (PHC) services in South Africa.
    Methods: This study drew on the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) framework and used a mixed method, sequential exploratory design for data collection, analysis and interpretation. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with key informants (n = 5) from both national and provincial levels and health care providers (n = 18) in the public health system of the Western Cape Province. Additionally, focus group discussions (FGDs) with Community Health Workers (CHWs n = 15) working with clinics in the Western Cape province. A further four FGDs and brief individual exit interviews were conducted with women with GDM (n = 35) followed-up at a tertiary hospital: Groote Schuur Hospital (GSH). Data collection with women diagnosed and treated for GDM happened between March and August 2018.Thematic analysis was the primary analytical method with some content analysis as appropriate. Statistical analysis of quantitative data from the 35 exit interview questionnaires was conducted, and correlation with qualitative variables assessed using Cramér's V coefficient.
    Results: Shortage of trained staff, ill-equipped clinics, socio-economic barriers and lack of knowledge were the major reported barriers to successful integration of GDM screening and postnatal T2DM prevention. Only 43% of women reported receiving advice about all four recommendations to improve GDM and decrease T2DM risk (improve diet, reduce sugar intake, physical exercise and regularly take medication). All participants supported integrating services within routine, community-based PHC to universally screen for GDM and to prevent or delay development of T2DM after GDM.
    Conclusion: GDM screening and post-GDM prevention of T2DM are poorly integrated into PHC services in South Africa. Integration is desired by stakeholders (patients and providers) and may be feasible if PHC resource, training constraints and women's socio-economic barriers are addressed.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2119289-3
    ISSN 1568-4156
    ISSN 1568-4156
    DOI 10.5334/ijic.5600
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Pulse wave velocity in South African women and children: comparison between the Mobil-O-Graph and SphygmoCor XCEL devices.

    Kolkenbeck-Ruh, Andrea / Soepnel, Larske Marit / Kim, Andrew Wooyoung / Naidoo, Sanushka / Smith, Wayne / Davies, Justine / Ware, Lisa Jayne

    Journal of hypertension

    2022  Volume 40, Issue 1, Page(s) 65–75

    Abstract: Background: Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) is the gold-standard noninvasive measure of arterial stiffness. Data comparing tonometry-based devices such as the SphygmoCor XCEL to simpler brachial-cuff-based estimates of PWV, such as from the ... ...

    Abstract Background: Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) is the gold-standard noninvasive measure of arterial stiffness. Data comparing tonometry-based devices such as the SphygmoCor XCEL to simpler brachial-cuff-based estimates of PWV, such as from the Mobil-O-Graph in African populations are sparse. We therefore aimed to compare PWV measured by the Mobil-O-Graph and the SphygmoCor XCEL device in a sample of South African women and children.
    Methods: Women (n = 85) 29 years [interquartile range (IQR): 29-69] and their children/grandchildren (n = 27) 7 years (IQR: 4-11) were recruited for PWV measurement with Mobil-O-Graph and SphygmoCor XCEL on the same day. Wilcoxon signed-rank test, regression analysis, spearman correlation and Bland-Altman plots were used for PWV comparison between devices.
    Results: For adults, the SphygmoCor XCEL device had a significantly higher PWV (7.3 m/s, IQR: 6.4-8.5) compared with the Mobil-O-Graph (5.9 m/s, IQR: 5.0-8.1, P = 0.001) with a correlation coefficient of 0.809 (P ≤ 0.001). Bland--Altman analysis indicated an acceptable level of agreement but significant bias (mean difference PWV: 0.90 ± 1.02 m/s; limits of agreement: -1.10 to 2.90). The odds of having a PWV difference more than 1 m/s decreased with a higher age [odds ratio (OR): 0.95, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.92-0.98] and increased with greater height (OR: 1.10, 95% CI = 1.01-1.21, P = 0.03) in multivariable analysis. In children, the Bland-Altman indicated an excellent level of agreement (-0.03 ± 0.63 m/s; limits of agreement: -1.26 to 1.21), but no correlation was found (rs = 0.08, P = 0.71).
    Conclusion: Particularly in younger and taller women, the Mobil-O-Graph significantly underestimated PWV compared with the SphygmoCor. Although no correlation was found between the two devices for children, further research is required due to the small sample size. Furthermore, the clinical value of both methods in young African populations requires further investigation.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Blood Pressure ; Brachial Artery ; Carotid-Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Pulse Wave Analysis ; Vascular Stiffness
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-03
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 605532-1
    ISSN 1473-5598 ; 0263-6352 ; 0952-1178
    ISSN (online) 1473-5598
    ISSN 0263-6352 ; 0952-1178
    DOI 10.1097/HJH.0000000000002976
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Correcting for Intra-Individual Variability in Sodium Excretion in Spot Urine Samples Does Not Improve the Ability to Predict 24 h Urinary Sodium Excretion.

    Charlton, Karen Elizabeth / Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth / Wepener, Leanda / Corso, Barbara / Kowal, Paul / Ware, Lisa Jayne

    Nutrients

    2020  Volume 12, Issue 7

    Abstract: Given a global focus on salt reduction efforts to reduce cardiovascular risk, it is important to obtain accurate measures of salt intake on a population level. This study determined firstly whether adjustment for intra-individual variation in urinary ... ...

    Abstract Given a global focus on salt reduction efforts to reduce cardiovascular risk, it is important to obtain accurate measures of salt intake on a population level. This study determined firstly whether adjustment for intra-individual variation in urinary sodium (Na) excretion using three repeated 24 h collections affects daily estimates and whether the use of repeated spot urine samples results in better prediction of 24 h Na compared to a single collection. Twenty three community-dwelling men and women from South Africa (mean age 59.7 years (SD = 15.6)) participating in the World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health (WHO-SAGE) Wave 3 study collected 24 h and spot early morning urine samples over three consecutive days to assess urinary Na excretion. INTERSALT, Tanaka, and Kawasaki prediction equations, with either average or adjusted spot Na values, were used to estimate 24 h Na and compared these against measured 24 h urinary Na. Adjustment was performed by using the ratio of between-person (sb) and total (sobs) variability obtained from repeated measures analysis of variance. Sensitivity of the equations to predict daily urinary Na values below 5 g salt equivalent was calculated. The sb/sobs for urinary Na using three repeated samples for spot and 24 h samples were 0.706 and 0.798, respectively. Correction using analysis of variance for 3 × 24 h collections resulted in contraction of the upper end of the distribution curve (90th centile: 157 to 136 mmoL/day; 95th centile: 220 to 178 mmoL/day). All three prediction equations grossly over-estimated 24 h urinary Na excretion, regardless of whether a single spot urine or repeated collections corrected for intra-individual variation were used. Sensitivity of equations to detect salt intake equivalent values of ≤5 g/day was 13% for INTERSALT, while the other two equations had zero sensitivity. Correcting for intra-individual variability in Na excretion using three 24 h urine collections contracted the distribution curve for high intakes. Repeated collection of spot samples for urinary Na analysis does not improve the accuracy of predicting 24 h Na excretion. Spot urine samples are not appropriate to detect participants with salt intakes below the recommended 5 g/day.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Eating ; Female ; Heart Disease Risk Factors ; Humans ; Independent Living ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Recommended Dietary Allowances ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sodium Chloride, Dietary/metabolism ; Sodium Chloride, Dietary/urine ; South Africa ; Time Factors ; Urinalysis/methods ; World Health Organization
    Chemical Substances Sodium Chloride, Dietary
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-08
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2518386-2
    ISSN 2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
    ISSN (online) 2072-6643
    ISSN 2072-6643
    DOI 10.3390/nu12072026
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Adjusting Haemoglobin Values for Altitude Maximizes Combined Sensitivity and Specificity to Detect Iron Deficiency among Women of Reproductive Age in Johannesburg, South Africa.

    Silubonde, Takana Mary / Baumgartner, Jeannine / Ware, Lisa Jayne / Malan, Linda / Smuts, Cornelius Mattheus / Norris, Shane

    Nutrients

    2020  Volume 12, Issue 3

    Abstract: In South Africa, haemoglobin (Hb) is measured to screen for iron deficiency (ID). However, low levels of Hb are only a late stage indicator of ID. Furthermore, Hb values are generally not adjusted for altitude even though recommended by WHO. We ... ...

    Abstract In South Africa, haemoglobin (Hb) is measured to screen for iron deficiency (ID). However, low levels of Hb are only a late stage indicator of ID. Furthermore, Hb values are generally not adjusted for altitude even though recommended by WHO. We determined the Hb threshold with the highest combined sensitivity and specificity for detecting ID among South African women living at 1700 m above sea level. In a cross-sectional study of 492 18-25-year-old women, we measured Hb and iron status biomarkers. Using receiver operating characteristic curves, we determined the Hb threshold with maximum Youden Index for detecting ID. This threshold of <12.35 g/dL resulted in a 37.2% anaemia prevalence (20.9% IDA), and sensitivity and specificity of 55.7% and 73.9%, respectively. The WHO altitude-adjusted threshold of <12.5 g/dL resulted in a 39% anaemia prevalence (21.3% IDA), and sensitivity and specificity of 56.8% and 70.8%, respectively. In contrast, using the unadjusted Hb cut-off of <12 g/dL resulted in a 18.5% anaemia prevalence (12.6% IDA), and sensitivity and specificity of 35.1% and 88.6%, respectively. In this sample of South African women of reproductive age an Hb threshold <12.35 g/dL had the highest combined sensitivity and specificity for detecting ID. The diagnostic performance of this Receiver operating characteristic curve-determined threshold was comparable to the altitude-adjusted threshold proposed by WHO. Thus, clinical and public health practice in South Africa should adopt adjustment of Hb for altitude to avoid underestimation of ID and missing women in need for intervention.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Altitude ; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/blood ; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/diagnosis ; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/epidemiology ; Female ; Hemoglobins/metabolism ; Humans ; Iron/blood ; Iron Deficiencies ; Middle Aged ; South Africa/epidemiology
    Chemical Substances Hemoglobins ; Iron (E1UOL152H7)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-02-27
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Randomized Controlled Trial
    ZDB-ID 2518386-2
    ISSN 2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
    ISSN (online) 2072-6643
    ISSN 2072-6643
    DOI 10.3390/nu12030633
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Cardiovascular health metrics in low and middle-income countries: A scoping review.

    Garegnani, Luis / Franco, Juan Víctor Ariel / Escobar Liquitay, Camila Micaela / Brant, Luisa Campos Caldeira / Lim, Hooi Min / de Jesus Jessen, Neusa Perina / Singh, Kavita / Ware, Lisa Jayne / Labarthe, Darwin / Perman, Gastón

    Preventive medicine

    2023  Volume 172, Page(s) 107534

    Abstract: Background: In 2010 the American Heart Association defined the concept of ideal cardiovascular health to renew the focus on primordial prevention for cardiovascular disease. Evidence primarily from high-income countries suggests ideal CVH prevalence is ... ...

    Abstract Background: In 2010 the American Heart Association defined the concept of ideal cardiovascular health to renew the focus on primordial prevention for cardiovascular disease. Evidence primarily from high-income countries suggests ideal CVH prevalence is low and decreases with age, with vulnerable populations differentially affected. We aimed to identify and characterize the evidence relevant to CVH metrics in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
    Methods: We followed the Joanna Briggs Institute guideline for the conduct of this scoping review. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS and study registers from inception to 14 March 2022. We included cross-sectional and cohort studies in populations representing a geographically-defined unit (urban or rural) in LMICs, and with data on CVH metrics i.e. all health or clinical factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, glycemia and body mass index) and at least one health behavior (smoking, diet or physical activity). We report findings following the PRISMA-Scr extension for scoping reviews.
    Results: We included 251 studies; 85% were cross-sectional. Most studies (70.9%) came from just ten countries. Only 6.8% included children younger than 12 years old. Only 34.7% reported seven metrics; 25.1%, six. Health behaviors were mostly self-reported; 45.0% of studies assessed diet, 58.6% physical activity, and 90.0% smoking status.
    Conclusions: We identified a substantial and heterogeneous body of research presenting CVH metrics in LMICs. Few studies assessed all components of CVH, especially in children and in low-income settings. This review will facilitate the design of future studies to bridge the evidence gap. This scoping review protocol was previously registered on OSF: https://osf.io/sajnh.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control ; Cardiovascular System ; Developing Countries ; Diet ; Health Status ; Quality Indicators, Health Care ; Risk Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 184600-0
    ISSN 1096-0260 ; 0091-7435
    ISSN (online) 1096-0260
    ISSN 0091-7435
    DOI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107534
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  8. Article: Adjusting Haemoglobin Values for Altitude Maximizes Combined Sensitivity and Specificity to Detect Iron Deficiency among Women of Reproductive Age in Johannesburg, South Africa

    Silubonde, Takana Mary / Baumgartner, Jeannine / Ware, Lisa Jayne / Malan, Linda / Smuts, Cornelius Mattheus / Norris, Shane

    Nutrients. 2020 Feb. 27, v. 12, no. 3

    2020  

    Abstract: In South Africa, haemoglobin (Hb) is measured to screen for iron deficiency (ID). However, low levels of Hb are only a late stage indicator of ID. Furthermore, Hb values are generally not adjusted for altitude even though recommended by WHO. We ... ...

    Abstract In South Africa, haemoglobin (Hb) is measured to screen for iron deficiency (ID). However, low levels of Hb are only a late stage indicator of ID. Furthermore, Hb values are generally not adjusted for altitude even though recommended by WHO. We determined the Hb threshold with the highest combined sensitivity and specificity for detecting ID among South African women living at 1700 m above sea level. In a cross-sectional study of 492 18–25-year-old women, we measured Hb and iron status biomarkers. Using receiver operating characteristic curves, we determined the Hb threshold with maximum Youden Index for detecting ID. This threshold of <12.35 g/dL resulted in a 37.2% anaemia prevalence (20.9% IDA), and sensitivity and specificity of 55.7% and 73.9%, respectively. The WHO altitude-adjusted threshold of <12.5 g/dL resulted in a 39% anaemia prevalence (21.3% IDA), and sensitivity and specificity of 56.8% and 70.8%, respectively. In contrast, using the unadjusted Hb cut-off of <12 g/dL resulted in a 18.5% anaemia prevalence (12.6% IDA), and sensitivity and specificity of 35.1% and 88.6%, respectively. In this sample of South African women of reproductive age an Hb threshold <12.35 g/dL had the highest combined sensitivity and specificity for detecting ID. The diagnostic performance of this Receiver operating characteristic curve-determined threshold was comparable to the altitude-adjusted threshold proposed by WHO. Thus, clinical and public health practice in South Africa should adopt adjustment of Hb for altitude to avoid underestimation of ID and missing women in need for intervention.
    Keywords age ; altitude ; anemia ; biomarkers ; cross-sectional studies ; graphs ; hemoglobin ; iron ; nutrients ; prevalence ; public health ; sea level ; women ; South Africa
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-0227
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-light
    ZDB-ID 2518386-2
    ISSN 2072-6643
    ISSN 2072-6643
    DOI 10.3390/nu12030633
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  9. Article ; Online: Integrating gestational diabetes and type 2 diabetes care into primary health care: Lessons from prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in South Africa - A mixed methods study.

    Mutabazi, Jean Claude / Enok Bonong, Pascal Roland / Trottier, Helen / Ware, Lisa Jayne / Norris, Shane A / Murphy, Katherine / Levitt, Naomi / Zarowsky, Christina

    PloS one

    2021  Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) e0245229

    Abstract: Background: Implementation of the programmes for the Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) into antenatal care over the last three decades could inform implementation of interventions for other health ... ...

    Abstract Background: Implementation of the programmes for the Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) into antenatal care over the last three decades could inform implementation of interventions for other health challenges such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This study assessed PMTCT outcomes, and how GDM screening, care, and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) prevention were integrated into PMTCT in Western Cape (WC), South Africa.
    Methods: A convergent mixed methods and triangulation design were used. Content and thematic analysis of PMTCT-related policy documents and of 30 semi-structured interviews with HIV/PMTCT experts, health care workers and women under PMTC diagnosed with GDM complement quantitative longitudinal analysis of PMTCT implementation indicators across the WC for 2012-2017.
    Results: Provincial PMTCT and Post Natal Care (PNC) documents emphasized the importance of PMTCT, but GDM screening and T2DM prevention were not covered. Data on women with both HIV and GDM were not available and GDM screening was not integrated into PMTCT. Women who attended HIV counselling and testing annually increased at 17.8% (95% CI: 12.9% - 22.0%), while women who delivered under PMTCT increased at 3.1% (95% CI: 0.6% - 5.9%) annually in the WC. All 30 respondents favour integrating GDM screening and T2DM prevention initiatives into PMTCT.
    Conclusion: PMTCT programmes have not yet integrated GDM care. However, Western Cape PMTCT integration experience suggests that antenatal GDM screening and post-partum initiatives for preventing or delaying T2DM can be successfully integrated into PMTCT and primary care.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/prevention & control ; Diabetes, Gestational/diagnosis ; Diabetes, Gestational/prevention & control ; Female ; HIV Infections/pathology ; HIV Infections/psychology ; Health Personnel/psychology ; Humans ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control ; Interviews as Topic ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Care ; Primary Health Care ; Program Evaluation ; South Africa
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0245229
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Identifying co-occurrence and clustering of chronic diseases using latent class analysis: cross-sectional findings from SAGE South Africa Wave 2.

    Chidumwa, Glory / Maposa, Innocent / Corso, Barbara / Minicuci, Nadia / Kowal, Paul / Micklesfield, Lisa K / Ware, Lisa Jayne

    BMJ open

    2021  Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) e041604

    Abstract: Objectives: To classify South African adults with chronic health conditions for multimorbidity (MM) risk, and to determine sociodemographic, anthropometric and behavioural factors associated with identified patterns of MM, using data from the WHO's ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: To classify South African adults with chronic health conditions for multimorbidity (MM) risk, and to determine sociodemographic, anthropometric and behavioural factors associated with identified patterns of MM, using data from the WHO's Study on global AGEing and adult health South Africa Wave 2.
    Design: Nationally representative (for ≥50-year-old adults) cross-sectional study.
    Setting: Adults in South Africa between 2014 and 2015.
    Participants: 1967 individuals (men: 623 and women: 1344) aged ≥45 years for whom data on all seven health conditions and socioeconomic, demographic, behavioural, and anthropological information were available.
    Measures: MM latent classes.
    Results: The prevalence of MM (coexistence of two or more non-communicable diseases (NCDs)) was 21%. The latent class analysis identified three groups namely: minimal MM risk (83%), concordant (hypertension and diabetes) MM (11%) and discordant (angina, asthma, chronic lung disease, arthritis and depression) MM (6%). Using the minimal MM risk group as the reference, female (relative risk ratio (RRR)=4.57; 95% CI (1.64 to 12.75); p =0.004) and older (RRR=1.08; 95% CI (1.04 to 1.12); p<0.001) participants were more likely to belong to the concordant MM group, while tobacco users (RRR=8.41; 95% CI (1.93 to 36.69); p=0.005) and older (RRR=1.09; 95% CI (1.03 to 1.15); p=0.002) participants had a high likelihood of belonging to the discordant MM group.
    Conclusion: NCDs with similar pathophysiological risk profiles tend to cluster together in older people. Risk factors for MM in South African adults include sex, age and tobacco use.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Chronic Disease ; Cluster Analysis ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Socioeconomic Factors ; South Africa/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2599832-8
    ISSN 2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
    ISSN (online) 2044-6055
    ISSN 2044-6055
    DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041604
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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