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  1. Article ; Online: Personalised prevention of type 2 diabetes.

    Wareham, Nicholas J

    Diabetologia

    2022  Volume 65, Issue 11, Page(s) 1796–1803

    Abstract: It is well established from clinical trials that behavioural interventions can halve the risk of progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes but translating this evidence of efficacy into effective real-world interventions at scale is an ongoing ... ...

    Abstract It is well established from clinical trials that behavioural interventions can halve the risk of progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes but translating this evidence of efficacy into effective real-world interventions at scale is an ongoing challenge. A common suggestion is that future preventive interventions need to be more personalised in order to enhance effectiveness. This review evaluates the degree to which existing interventions are already personalised and outlines how greater personalisation could be achieved through better identification of those at high risk, division of type 2 diabetes into specific subgroups and, above all, more individualisation of the behavioural targets for preventive action. Approaches using more dynamic real-time data are in their scientific infancy. Although these approaches are promising they need longer-term evaluation against clinical outcomes. Whatever personalised preventive approaches for type 2 diabetes are developed in the future, they will need to be complementary to existing individual-level interventions that are being rolled out and that are demonstrably effective. They will also need to ideally synergise with, and at the very least not detract attention from, efforts to develop and implement strategies that impact on type 2 diabetes risk at the societal level.
    MeSH term(s) Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/prevention & control ; Humans ; Precision Medicine
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-02
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1694-9
    ISSN 1432-0428 ; 0012-186X
    ISSN (online) 1432-0428
    ISSN 0012-186X
    DOI 10.1007/s00125-022-05774-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Comment on Baranova et al. Causal Associations Between Basal Metabolic Rate and COVID-19. Diabetes 2023;72:149-154.

    Kloecker, David E / Brage, Søren / Wareham, Nicholas J

    Diabetes

    2023  Volume 72, Issue 8, Page(s) e6–e7

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19/complications ; Basal Metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 80085-5
    ISSN 1939-327X ; 0012-1797
    ISSN (online) 1939-327X
    ISSN 0012-1797
    DOI 10.2337/db23-0175
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  3. Article: Estimating Vitamin C Intake Requirements in Diabetes Mellitus: Analysis of NHANES 2017-2018 and EPIC-Norfolk Cohorts.

    Carr, Anitra C / Lunt, Helen / Wareham, Nicholas J / Myint, Phyo K

    Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)

    2023  Volume 12, Issue 10

    Abstract: Vitamin C is an essential enzyme cofactor and antioxidant with pleiotropic roles in human physiology. Circulating vitamin C concentrations are lower in people with diabetes mellitus, suggesting a higher dietary requirement for the vitamin. We ... ...

    Abstract Vitamin C is an essential enzyme cofactor and antioxidant with pleiotropic roles in human physiology. Circulating vitamin C concentrations are lower in people with diabetes mellitus, suggesting a higher dietary requirement for the vitamin. We interrogated the NHANES 2017-2018 and EPIC-Norfolk datasets to compare vitamin C requirements between those with and without diabetes mellitus using dose-concentration relationships fitted with sigmoidal (four-parameter logistic) curves. The NHANES cohort (n = 2828 non-supplementing adults) comprised 488 (17%) participants with diabetes (self-reported or HbA1c ≥ 6.5%). The participants with diabetes had a lower vitamin C status (median [IQR]) than those without (38 [17, 52] µmol/L vs. 44 [25, 61] µmol/L,
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-15
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2704216-9
    ISSN 2076-3921
    ISSN 2076-3921
    DOI 10.3390/antiox12101863
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  4. Article ; Online: Multi-omic prediction of incident type 2 diabetes.

    Carrasco-Zanini, Julia / Pietzner, Maik / Wheeler, Eleanor / Kerrison, Nicola D / Langenberg, Claudia / Wareham, Nicholas J

    Diabetologia

    2023  Volume 67, Issue 1, Page(s) 102–112

    Abstract: Aims/hypothesis: The identification of people who are at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes is a key part of population-level prevention strategies. Previous studies have evaluated the predictive utility of omics measurements, such as metabolites, ... ...

    Abstract Aims/hypothesis: The identification of people who are at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes is a key part of population-level prevention strategies. Previous studies have evaluated the predictive utility of omics measurements, such as metabolites, proteins or polygenic scores, but have considered these separately. The improvement that combined omics biomarkers can provide over and above current clinical standard models is unclear. The aim of this study was to test the predictive performance of genome, proteome, metabolome and clinical biomarkers when added to established clinical prediction models for type 2 diabetes.
    Methods: We developed sparse interpretable prediction models in a prospective, nested type 2 diabetes case-cohort study (N=1105, incident type 2 diabetes cases=375) with 10,792 person-years of follow-up, selecting from 5759 features across the genome, proteome, metabolome and clinical biomarkers using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. We compared the predictive performance of omics-derived predictors with a clinical model including the variables from the Cambridge Diabetes Risk Score and HbA
    Results: Among single omics prediction models that did not include clinical risk factors, the top ten proteins alone achieved the highest performance (concordance index [C index]=0.82 [95% CI 0.75, 0.88]), suggesting the proteome as the most informative single omic layer in the absence of clinical information. However, the largest improvement in prediction of type 2 diabetes incidence over and above the clinical model was achieved by the top ten features across several omic layers (C index=0.87 [95% CI 0.82, 0.92], Δ C index=0.05, p=0.045). This improvement by the top ten omic features was also evident in individuals with HbA
    Conclusions/interpretation: Omic approaches provided marginal improvements in prediction of incident type 2 diabetes. However, while a polygenic risk score does improve prediction in people with an HbA
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics ; Prediabetic State/complications ; Prospective Studies ; Cohort Studies ; Proteome ; Multiomics ; Risk Factors ; Biomarkers
    Chemical Substances Proteome ; Biomarkers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-27
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1694-9
    ISSN 1432-0428 ; 0012-186X
    ISSN (online) 1432-0428
    ISSN 0012-186X
    DOI 10.1007/s00125-023-06027-x
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    Zs.A 279: Show issues Location:
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  5. Article ; Online: Mind the gap: efficacy versus effectiveness of lifestyle interventions to prevent diabetes.

    Wareham, Nicholas J

    The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology

    2015  Volume 3, Issue 3, Page(s) 160–161

    MeSH term(s) Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus/prevention & control ; Humans ; Risk Reduction Behavior ; Veterans Health/trends ; Weight Reduction Programs/statistics & numerical data
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-02-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ISSN 2213-8595
    ISSN (online) 2213-8595
    DOI 10.1016/S2213-8587(15)70015-X
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  6. Article ; Online: The Role of Cytomegalovirus in Prostate Cancer Incidence and Mortality.

    Classon, Johanna / Britten, Abigail / Alkass, Kanar / Druid, Henrik / Brenner, Nicole / Waterboer, Tim / Wareham, Nicholas J / Gkrania-Klotsas, Effrossyni / Frisén, Jonas

    European urology oncology

    2024  

    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-27
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Letter
    ISSN 2588-9311
    ISSN (online) 2588-9311
    DOI 10.1016/j.euo.2024.02.004
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  7. Article ; Online: The long-term benefits of lifestyle interventions for prevention of diabetes.

    Wareham, Nicholas J

    The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology

    2014  Volume 2, Issue 6, Page(s) 441–442

    MeSH term(s) Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology ; Exercise ; Female ; Glucose Intolerance/epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Weight Loss
    Chemical Substances Blood Glucose
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-04-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ISSN 2213-8595
    ISSN (online) 2213-8595
    DOI 10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70074-9
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  8. Article ; Online: Reply to Unreliability of genotyping arrays for detecting very rare variants in human genetic studies: Example from a recent study of MC4R.

    Lotta, Luca / Langenberg, Claudia / Wareham, Nicholas J / Farooqi, I Sadaf

    Cell

    2021  Volume 184, Issue 7, Page(s) 1652–1653

    MeSH term(s) Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Human Genetics ; Humans ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/genetics
    Chemical Substances MC4R protein, human ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 187009-9
    ISSN 1097-4172 ; 0092-8674
    ISSN (online) 1097-4172
    ISSN 0092-8674
    DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2021.03.014
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    Zs.A 1167: Show issues Location:
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  9. Article ; Online: Revisiting the concept of incretin and enteroendocrine L-cells as type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment.

    Lok, Kok-Hou / Wareham, Nicholas J / Nair, Rajesh Sreedharan / How, Chee Wun / Chuah, Lay-Hong

    Pharmacological research

    2022  Volume 180, Page(s) 106237

    Abstract: The significant growth in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevalence strikes a common threat to the healthcare and economic systems globally. Despite the availability of several anti-hyperglycaemic agents in the market, none can offer T2DM remission. ... ...

    Abstract The significant growth in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevalence strikes a common threat to the healthcare and economic systems globally. Despite the availability of several anti-hyperglycaemic agents in the market, none can offer T2DM remission. These agents include the prominent incretin-based therapy such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors that are designed primarily to promote GLP-1R activation. Recent interest in various therapeutically useful gastrointestinal hormones in T2DM and obesity has surged with the realisation that enteroendocrine L-cells modulate the different incretins secretion and glucose homeostasis, reflecting the original incretin definition. Targeting L-cells offers promising opportunities to mimic the benefits of bariatric surgery on glucose homeostasis, bodyweight management, and T2DM remission. Revising the fundamental incretin theory is an essential step for therapeutic development in this area. Therefore, the present review explores enteroendocrine L-cell hormone expression, the associated nutrient-sensing mechanisms, and other physiological characteristics. Subsequently, enteroendocrine L-cell line models and the latest L-cell targeted therapies are reviewed critically in this paper. Bariatric surgery, pharmacotherapy and new paradigm of L-cell targeted pharmaceutical formulation are discussed here, offering both clinician and scientist communities a new common interest to push the scientific boundary in T2DM therapy.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism ; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/metabolism ; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor ; Glucose/metabolism ; Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use ; Incretins/therapeutic use ; L Cells ; Mice
    Chemical Substances Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors ; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; Incretins ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (89750-14-1) ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-26
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1003347-6
    ISSN 1096-1186 ; 0031-6989 ; 1043-6618
    ISSN (online) 1096-1186
    ISSN 0031-6989 ; 1043-6618
    DOI 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106237
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    Zs.A 721: Show issues Location:
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  10. Article ; Online: Self-reported physical functional health predicts future bone mineral density in EPIC-Norfolk cohort.

    Perrott, Sarah / Martin, Kathryn / Keevil, Victoria L / Wareham, Nicholas J / Khaw, Kay-Tee / Myint, Phyo Kyaw

    Archives of osteoporosis

    2022  Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 25

    Abstract: Using a large population sample from the UK, we found that self-reported physical functional health may be used to predict future bone mineral density especially in women. It may be a useful and inexpensive way to identify individuals before further ... ...

    Abstract Using a large population sample from the UK, we found that self-reported physical functional health may be used to predict future bone mineral density especially in women. It may be a useful and inexpensive way to identify individuals before further decline in bone mineral density and the risk of fracture.
    Purpose: Self-reported physical functional health may predict bone mineral density (BMD) and thus provide a method to identify people at risk of low BMD. In this study, the association between the 36-item short-form questionnaire (SF-36) physical component summary (PCS) score and future BMD in participants aged 40-79 years enrolled in the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer-Norfolk study was investigated.
    Methods: Associations between a participant's SF-36 PCS score, measured 18 months after baseline health check, and broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA-a measure of BMD), measured 2-5 years after baseline, were examined using sex-specific linear and logistic regression analyses adjusting for age, BMI, medical co-morbidities, lifestyle and socioeconomic factors.
    Results: Data from 10,203 participants, mean (standard deviation (SD)) age 61.5 (8.9) years (57.4% women), were analysed from 1993 to 2000. For every five points lower PCS score in men and women, there was approximately a 0.5 dB/MHz lower mean BUA. In women, a PCS score of less than one standard deviation (1SD) below the sex-specific mean was associated with having a low BUA (< 1SD below sex-specific mean) and very low BUA (< 2.5SD below the sex specific mean); odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval) 1.53 (1.24, 1.88) and 8.28 (2.67, 25.69), respectively. The relationship was lesser so in men; corresponding OR (95% CI) were 1.34 (0.91, 1.98) and 2.57 (0.72, 9.20), respectively.
    Conclusions: Self-reported physical functioning predicts BMD in an apparently healthy population, particularly in women. This could potentially provide an inexpensive, simple screening tool to identify individuals at risk of osteoporosis.
    MeSH term(s) Absorptiometry, Photon ; Adult ; Aged ; Bone Density ; Calcaneus/diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Self Report ; Ultrasonography
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2253231-6
    ISSN 1862-3514 ; 1862-3522
    ISSN (online) 1862-3514
    ISSN 1862-3522
    DOI 10.1007/s11657-021-01043-z
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