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  1. Article ; Online: Mentoring from the diverse lens of epidemiologists reveals a dynamic and mutually rewarding relationship.

    Forman, M R / Wright, J L / Waring, S C / Liese, A D

    Annals of epidemiology

    2021  Volume 60, Page(s) 28–30

    MeSH term(s) Career Choice ; Epidemiologists ; Humans ; Mentoring ; Mentors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1074355-8
    ISSN 1873-2585 ; 1047-2797
    ISSN (online) 1873-2585
    ISSN 1047-2797
    DOI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2021.04.013
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and polio: is there an association?

    Okumura, H / Kurland, L T / Waring, S C

    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    1995  Volume 753, Page(s) 245–256

    Abstract: Because polio and ALS are both manifestations of anterior horn cell disease, consideration of some etiologic or pathogenetic relationship continues to recur. Studies that show an association are infrequent and are greatly outnumbered by negative reports ... ...

    Abstract Because polio and ALS are both manifestations of anterior horn cell disease, consideration of some etiologic or pathogenetic relationship continues to recur. Studies that show an association are infrequent and are greatly outnumbered by negative reports in spite of possible journal bias to report positive results. Our limited studies in Guam and Rochester, Minnesota, have added to the negative list, and support the conclusion that there is no etiologic association of these two distinct diseases. The role, if any, of nonparalytic polio and polio vaccines with respect to ALS is not clear. With such a high proportion of the population having antibodies to polio, it may not be feasible to differentiate ALS with respect to the presence or absence of polio antibodies. Although the results to date do not support a polio-ALS relationship, further long-term studies are desirable for both the classical and the Western Pacific forms of ALS with respect to past polio outbreaks and, for the future, the unknown effect of polio vaccines on the incidence of ALS.
    MeSH term(s) Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ; Case-Control Studies ; Guam ; Humans ; Minnesota ; Motor Neuron Disease ; Postpoliomyelitis Syndrome
    Language English
    Publishing date 1995-05-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 211003-9
    ISSN 1749-6632 ; 0077-8923
    ISSN (online) 1749-6632
    ISSN 0077-8923
    DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb27551.x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Importance of subtle amnestic and nonamnestic deficits in mild cognitive impairment: prognosis and conversion to dementia.

    Rountree, S D / Waring, S C / Chan, W C / Lupo, P J / Darby, E J / Doody, R S

    Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders

    2007  Volume 24, Issue 6, Page(s) 476–482

    Abstract: Background/aims: To evaluate baseline characteristics and conversion to dementia in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subtypes.: Methods: We prospectively evaluated conversion to dementia in 106 patients with amnestic MCI (A-MCI) as defined by Petersen' ...

    Abstract Background/aims: To evaluate baseline characteristics and conversion to dementia in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subtypes.
    Methods: We prospectively evaluated conversion to dementia in 106 patients with amnestic MCI (A-MCI) as defined by Petersen's operationalized criteria on a paragraph recall task, amnestic-subthreshold MCI (AS-MCI) as defined by impairment on the ADAS-cog delayed word list recall with normal paragraph recall, nonamnestic MCI (NA-MCI) defined by a nonmemory domain, and in 27 patients with subjective memory loss who had no deficit on formal neuropsychological testing.
    Results: For all MCI subtypes, the 4-year conversion to dementia was 56% (14% annually) and to AD was 46% (11% annually). Conversion to AD in the A-MCI (56%) was similar to the rate in AS-MCI (50%). Conversion to AD in the A-MCI and AS-MCI combined was 56% (14% annually). Conversion to dementia in the NA-MCI was 52% (13% annually) and the majority converted to AD (62%).
    Conclusions: All MCI subtypes are at risk of converting to AD if the groups are carefully defined by an abnormal psychometric domain. All subtypes except subjective memory loss converted to AD at higher than expected rates. Both the A-MCI and AS-MCI subtypes had a similarly high rate of conversion to AD. The deficit on a word list recall task may develop before an abnormality on delayed paragraph recall is evident, at least in some subjects.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Amnesia/diagnosis ; Amnesia/epidemiology ; Cognition Disorders/diagnosis ; Cognition Disorders/epidemiology ; Dementia/diagnosis ; Dementia/epidemiology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Prospective Studies ; Psychometrics ; Severity of Illness Index
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1026007-9
    ISSN 1421-9824 ; 1013-7424
    ISSN (online) 1421-9824
    ISSN 1013-7424
    DOI 10.1159/000110800
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Incidence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease: a reanalysis of data from Rochester, Minnesota, 1975-1984.

    Rocca, W A / Cha, R H / Waring, S C / Kokmen, E

    American journal of epidemiology

    1998  Volume 148, Issue 1, Page(s) 51–62

    Abstract: For both dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD), data regarding incidence rates in the oldest old and time trends in incidence are limited. The authors reanalyzed previously reported data on the incidence of dementia and AD in Rochester, Minnesota, from ... ...

    Abstract For both dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD), data regarding incidence rates in the oldest old and time trends in incidence are limited. The authors reanalyzed previously reported data on the incidence of dementia and AD in Rochester, Minnesota, from 1975 through 1984, using three new strategies. First, incidence rates were corrected by removing age-, sex-, and calendar year-specific prevalent cases from the census-derived denominator figures. Second, incidence figures for persons above age 84 years were disaggregated. Third, time trends were investigated graphically using age-specific curves and birth cohort curves. Dementia diagnosis and AD diagnosis followed defined ad hoc criteria. Analyses were conducted for men, women, and both sexes combined, and for dementia and AD separately. The age-specific incidence rates were similar in men and women, continued to increase after age 84 years, and remained stable over time for both dementia and AD. No birth cohort effect was present for either dementia or AD. The similar risks seen in men and women, the continuing increase in incidence after age 84 years, and the stability of incidence over time have important implications for etiologic research on AD.
    MeSH term(s) Age Distribution ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alzheimer Disease/epidemiology ; Dementia/epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minnesota/epidemiology ; Sex Distribution
    Language English
    Publishing date 1998-07-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2937-3
    ISSN 1476-6256 ; 0002-9262
    ISSN (online) 1476-6256
    ISSN 0002-9262
    DOI 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009560
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Medial temporal atrophy on MRI in normal aging and very mild Alzheimer's disease.

    Jack, C R / Petersen, R C / Xu, Y C / Waring, S C / O'Brien, P C / Tangalos, E G / Smith, G E / Ivnik, R J / Kokmen, E

    Neurology

    2011  Volume 49, Issue 3, Page(s) 786–794

    Abstract: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based volumetric measurements of medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures can discriminate between normal elderly control subjects and patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) of moderate to advanced severity. In terms of ... ...

    Abstract Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based volumetric measurements of medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures can discriminate between normal elderly control subjects and patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) of moderate to advanced severity. In terms of clinical utility, however, a more important issue concerns the ability of the technique to differentiate between normal elderly control subjects and AD patients with the very mildest form of the disease. We performed MRI-based volumetric measurements of the hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, and amygdala in 126 cognitively normal elderly control subjects and 94 patients with probable AD. The diagnosis of AD was made according to NINDS/ADRDA criteria, and disease severity was categorized by Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scores. Patients with CDR 0.5 were classified as very mild, CDR 1 as mild, and CDR 2 as moderate disease severity. Volumes of each structure declined with increasing age in control subjects and did so in parallel for men and women. The volume of each measured MTL structure also declined with age in patients with AD. The volume of each MTL structure was significantly smaller in AD patients than control subjects (p < 0.001). Of the several MTL measures, the total hippocampal volumetric measurements were best at discriminating control subjects from AD patients. The mean hippocampal volumes for AD patients relative to control subjects by severity of disease were as follows: very mild AD (CDR 0.5) -1.75 SD below the control mean, mild AD (CDR 1) -1.99 SD, and moderate AD (CDR 2) -2.22 SD. Age- and gender-adjusted, normalized MRI-based hippocampal volumetric measurements provide a sensitive marker of the MTL neuroanatomic degeneration in AD early in the disease process.
    MeSH term(s) Aging/pathology ; Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis ; Alzheimer Disease/pathology ; Amygdala/pathology ; Atrophy ; Female ; Hippocampus/pathology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Severity of Illness Index ; Temporal Lobe/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-01-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 207147-2
    ISSN 1526-632X ; 0028-3878
    ISSN (online) 1526-632X
    ISSN 0028-3878
    DOI 10.1212/wnl.49.3.786
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and Alzheimer's disease: a case-control study in Rochester, Minnesota, 1980 through 1984.

    Beard, C M / Waring, S C / O'Brien, P C / Kurland, L T / Kokmen, E

    Mayo Clinic proceedings

    1998  Volume 73, Issue 10, Page(s) 951–955

    Abstract: Objective: To compare the frequency of use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) among 302 incident cases of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and age- and sex-matched control subjects.: Design: We undertook a retrospective case-control study, ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To compare the frequency of use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) among 302 incident cases of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and age- and sex-matched control subjects.
    Design: We undertook a retrospective case-control study, using the resources of the Rochester Epidemiology Project.
    Material and methods: In ongoing studies of dementia in Rochester, Minnesota, we identified all incident cases of AD with onset between 1980 and 1984. From among all Rochester residents who received care at Mayo Clinic Rochester during those years, we selected one age- (within 3 years) and sex-matched control subject. For this study, exposure to a prescription NSAID was defined as prescribed use for 7 or more days during the 2-year window of time encompassing the year of onset and the year before onset among cases and the corresponding index year and the year prior for control subjects.
    Results: The odds ratio (OR) for exposure, as described, to a prescription NSAID versus no exposure to any NSAID was 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.45 to 1.38); the OR was 1.00 (95% CI, 0.52 to 1.92) for women and 0.40 (95% CI, 0.13 to 1.29) for men. Similarly, the overall OR for aspirin exposure versus no NSAID exposure was 0.90 (95% CI, 0.54 to 1.50).
    Conclusion: These data are suggestive but not confirmatory of a protective effect of NSAIDs for AD.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Alzheimer Disease/prevention & control ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology ; Case-Control Studies ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Odds Ratio ; Retrospective Studies
    Chemical Substances Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
    Language English
    Publishing date 1998-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 124027-4
    ISSN 1942-5546 ; 0025-6196
    ISSN (online) 1942-5546
    ISSN 0025-6196
    DOI 10.4065/73.10.951
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Book: Guamanian neurodegenerative disease

    Ahlskog, J.E. / Waring, S.C. / Kurland, L.T.

    Investigation of the calcium metabolism/heavy metal hypothesis

    1995  , Page(s) S. 1340–1344

    Keywords Calcium
    Language English
    Document type Book
    Database OPAC and Environmental database (ULIDAT) of The Federal Environment Agency (UBA)

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  8. Article: Comorbidity of dementia and psychiatric disorders in older persons.

    Rummans, T A / Smith, G E / Lin, S C / Waring, S C / Kokmen, E

    The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry

    1997  Volume 5, Issue 3, Page(s) 261–267

    Abstract: To further investigate the relationship between psychiatric disorders and dementia in elderly patients, the authors drew a population-based, age-stratified random sample from residents of Rochester, Minnesota, age 65 and older. A trained paramedic ... ...

    Abstract To further investigate the relationship between psychiatric disorders and dementia in elderly patients, the authors drew a population-based, age-stratified random sample from residents of Rochester, Minnesota, age 65 and older. A trained paramedic completed a 90-minute screening interview, including the Symptom Checklist-90, Mini-Mental State Exam, and Auditory-Verbal Learning Test. Persons failing the screens were interviewed by a psychiatrist and a neurologist. DSM-III-R diagnoses were assigned for dementia and other psychiatric disorders. Of 201 participants, 37 were evaluated further by both neurologist and psychiatrist. One received a psychiatric diagnosis alone. Dementia alone was present in four people. Concurrent psychiatric diagnoses and dementia were found in 17 subjects. Much of the psychopathology found in older persons occurs in people with cognitive impairment. Current diagnostic nosology may not be able to capture the interrelatedness of psychiatric syndromes and cognitive impairment in elderly patients.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Comorbidity ; Dementia/diagnosis ; Dementia/epidemiology ; Dementia/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Disorders/diagnosis ; Mental Disorders/epidemiology ; Mental Disorders/psychology ; Minnesota/epidemiology ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Sampling Studies
    Language English
    Publishing date 1997
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 1278145-9
    ISSN 1545-7214 ; 1064-7481
    ISSN (online) 1545-7214
    ISSN 1064-7481
    DOI 10.1097/00019442-199700530-00011
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Response of the pupil to tropicamide is not a reliable test for Alzheimer disease.

    FitzSimon, J S / Waring, S C / Kokmen, E / McLaren, J W / Brubaker, R F

    Archives of neurology

    1997  Volume 54, Issue 2, Page(s) 155–159

    Abstract: Objective: To confirm the putative hypersensitivity of the pupil to a weak mydriatic in persons with Alzheimer dementia.: Design: Twenty patients with Alzheimer dementia and 20 control subjects were examined. Automated binocular infrared ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To confirm the putative hypersensitivity of the pupil to a weak mydriatic in persons with Alzheimer dementia.
    Design: Twenty patients with Alzheimer dementia and 20 control subjects were examined. Automated binocular infrared pupillography was performed in the dark after instillation of 0.01% tropicamide or placebo. Ocular penetration of eye drops was assessed simultaneously using 2% fluorescein sodium as a tracer.
    Setting: Rochester, Minn.
    Subjects: Twenty patients and 20 cognitively normal control subjects from the Alzheimer's Disease Patient Registry of the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn.
    Main outcome measure: Percent change in the diameter of the pupil following topical ocular instillation of a diluted concentration of the mydriatic drug tropicamide and penetration of topically applied fluorescein into the aqueous humor.
    Results: No statistically significant difference was found between patients with Alzheimer disease and control subjects in either the mydriatic response of the pupil or in the rate of penetration of topically applied fluorescein.
    Conclusion: No evidence of pupillary hypersensitivity to an anticholinergic mydriatic drug was found in patients with Alzheimer disease or any evidence that this putative hypersensitivity could be used as an early, simple diagnostic test for Alzheimer disease.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis ; Alzheimer Disease/physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mydriasis ; Placebos ; Pupil/drug effects ; Pupil/physiology ; Tropicamide/pharmacology
    Chemical Substances Placebos ; Tropicamide (N0A3Z5XTC6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1997-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Clinical Trial ; Controlled Clinical Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 80049-1
    ISSN 1538-3687 ; 0003-9942
    ISSN (online) 1538-3687
    ISSN 0003-9942
    DOI 10.1001/archneur.1997.00550140031009
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Guamanian neurodegenerative disease: ultrastructural studies of skin.

    Ono, S / Waring, S C / Kurland, L L / Katrina-Craig, U / Petersen, R C

    Journal of the neurological sciences

    1997  Volume 146, Issue 1, Page(s) 35–40

    Abstract: It is evident that Guamanian amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and parkinsonism-dementia complex (PDC) are clinical variants of a single disease entity and that Guamanian ALS is clinically indistinguishable from sporadic ALS. We studied by electron ... ...

    Abstract It is evident that Guamanian amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and parkinsonism-dementia complex (PDC) are clinical variants of a single disease entity and that Guamanian ALS is clinically indistinguishable from sporadic ALS. We studied by electron microscopy the skin tissues from 11 patients with Guamanian neurodegenerative disease (PDC and ALS), 11 Chamorro control subjects, 10 Japanese patients with sporadic ALS and 11 Japanese control patients. Among patients with sporadic ALS, there was an inverse relationship of collagen fiber diameter and the duration of disease and a marked increase of amorphous material in the ground substance. These findings were not observed in the Guamanian patients or controls. Therefore, the skin studies reinforce the view of a different disease mechanism in Guamanian ALS and PDC compared to sporadic ALS.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/pathology ; Case-Control Studies ; Dementia/pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Guam ; Humans ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; Middle Aged ; Nerve Degeneration/physiology ; Parkinson Disease/pathology ; Skin/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 1997-02-27
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 80160-4
    ISSN 1878-5883 ; 0022-510X ; 0374-8642
    ISSN (online) 1878-5883
    ISSN 0022-510X ; 0374-8642
    DOI 10.1016/s0022-510x(96)00273-0
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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