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  1. Article: Covalent Targeting of Splicing in T Cells.

    Scott, Kevin A / Kojima, Hiroyuki / Ropek, Nathalie / Warren, Charles D / Zhang, Tiffany L / Hogg, Simon J / Webster, Caroline / Zhang, Xiaoyu / Rahman, Jahan / Melillo, Bruno / Cravatt, Benjamin F / Lyu, Jiankun / Abdel-Wahab, Omar / Vinogradova, Ekaterina V

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2023  

    Abstract: Despite significant interest in therapeutic targeting of splicing, few chemical probes are available for the proteins involved in splicing. Here, we show that elaborated stereoisomeric acrylamide chemical probe EV96 and its analogues lead to a selective ... ...

    Abstract Despite significant interest in therapeutic targeting of splicing, few chemical probes are available for the proteins involved in splicing. Here, we show that elaborated stereoisomeric acrylamide chemical probe EV96 and its analogues lead to a selective T cell state-dependent loss of interleukin 2-inducible T cell kinase (ITK) by targeting one of the core splicing factors SF3B1. Mechanistic investigations suggest that the state-dependency stems from a combination of differential protein turnover rates and availability of functional mRNA pools that can be depleted due to extensive alternative splicing. We further introduce a comprehensive list of proteins involved in splicing and leverage both cysteine- and protein-directed activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) data with electrophilic scout fragments to demonstrate covalent ligandability for many classes of splicing factors and splicing regulators in primary human T cells. Taken together, our findings show how chemical perturbation of splicing can lead to immune state-dependent changes in protein expression and provide evidence for the broad potential to target splicing factors with covalent chemistry.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2023.12.18.572199
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Oxidized thioredoxin-1 restrains the NLRP1 inflammasome.

    Ball, Daniel P / Tsamouri, Lydia P / Wang, Alvin E / Huang, Hsin-Che / Warren, Charles D / Wang, Qinghui / Edmondson, Isabelle H / Griswold, Andrew R / Rao, Sahana D / Johnson, Darren C / Bachovchin, Daniel A

    Science immunology

    2022  Volume 7, Issue 77, Page(s) eabm7200

    Abstract: The danger signals that activate the NLRP1 inflammasome have not been established. Here, we report that the oxidized, but not the reduced, form of thioredoxin-1 (TRX1) binds to NLRP1. We found that oxidized TRX1 associates with the NACHT-LRR region of ... ...

    Abstract The danger signals that activate the NLRP1 inflammasome have not been established. Here, we report that the oxidized, but not the reduced, form of thioredoxin-1 (TRX1) binds to NLRP1. We found that oxidized TRX1 associates with the NACHT-LRR region of NLRP1 in an ATP-dependent process, forming a stable complex that restrains inflammasome activation. Consistent with these findings, patient-derived and ATPase-inactivating mutations in the NACHT-LRR region that cause hyperactive inflammasome formation interfere with TRX1 binding. Overall, this work strongly suggests that reductive stress, the cellular perturbation that will eliminate oxidized TRX1 and abrogate the TRX1-NLRP1 interaction, is a danger signal that activates the NLRP1 inflammasome.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Inflammasomes/metabolism ; Thioredoxins/genetics ; Thioredoxins/metabolism ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; NLR Proteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Inflammasomes ; Thioredoxins (52500-60-4) ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; NLRP1 protein, human ; NLR Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2470-9468
    ISSN (online) 2470-9468
    DOI 10.1126/sciimmunol.abm7200
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Quantifying Cumulative Entrainment Effects for Chinook Salmon in a Heavily Irrigated Watershed

    Walters, Annika W. / Holzer, Damon M. / Faulkner, James R. / Warren, Charles D. / Murphy, Patrick D. / McClure, Michelle M.

    Transactions of the American Fisheries Society

    Volume v. 141,, Issue no. 5

    Abstract: Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. experience multiple small-scale disturbances throughout their freshwater habitat, but the cumulative effect of these disturbances is often not known or not easily quantifiable. One such disturbance is water diversions, ... ...

    Abstract Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. experience multiple small-scale disturbances throughout their freshwater habitat, but the cumulative effect of these disturbances is often not known or not easily quantifiable. One such disturbance is water diversions, which can entrain fish and alter streamflow regimes. Threatened Lemhi River (Idaho) Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha smolts encounter 41–71 water diversions during their out-migration. We used passive integrated transponder tag data to model the entrainment rate of Chinook salmon smolts as a function of the proportion of water removed by an irrigation diversion. Under median-streamflow conditions with unscreened diversions, the estimated cumulative effect of the diversions was a loss of 71.1% of out-migrating smolts due to entrainment. This is a large potential source of mortality, but screening is an effective mitigation strategy, as estimated mortality was reduced to 1.9% when all diversions were screened. If resources are limited, targeting the diversions that remove a large amount of water and diversions in locations with high fish encounter rates is most effective. Our modeling approach could be used to quantify the entrainment effects of water diversions and set screening priorities for other watersheds. Received October 28, 2011; accepted March 19, 2012
    Keywords habitats ; watersheds ; rivers ; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ; irrigation ; models ; screening ; freshwater ; mortality ; smolts ; salmon ; stream flow ; transponders
    Language English
    Document type Article
    ISSN 1548-8659
    Database AGRIS - International Information System for the Agricultural Sciences and Technology

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